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【SpringMVC】MyBatis多表操作与注解开发

【SpringMVC】MyBatis多表操作与注解开发

作者: abboo | 来源:发表于2020-11-06 23:16 被阅读0次

    一、 多表操作

    1. 一对一查询

    想象一下你在淘宝,在购买东西后会有个订单支付的页面,下单后用户和订单就关联起来了,同时订单有一个唯一的编号叫订单号。用户表和订单表的关系为,一个用户有多个订单,一个订单只从属于一个用户

    一对一查询的需求:查询一个订单,与此同时查询出该订单所属的用户

    即 order对user是一对一的,反过来,user对order是一对多的


    1.1 建一张order表

    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `orders`;
    CREATE TABLE `orders` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `ordertime` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
      `total` double DEFAULT NULL,
      `uid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      KEY `uid` (`uid`),
      CONSTRAINT `orders_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`uid`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    

    1.2 user和order的一对一查询

    select * ,o.id oid from orders o,user u where o.uid=u.id

    这个查询结果看起来很怪,有很多个id,不着急,后面我们在进行配置文件的配置的时候可以将id忽略。

    1.3 创建Order和User实体类

    User和以前一样

    public class Order {
        private int id;
        private Date ordertime;
        private double total;
        //代表当前订单从属于哪一个客户  
        private User user;
    

    1.4 创建OrderMapper接口

    public interface OrderMapper {
        public List<Order> findAll();
    }
    

    1.5 配置OrderMapper.xml

    *********** OrderMapper.xml *************
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    
    <mapper namespace="org.example.mapper.OrderMapper">
    
        <resultMap id="orderMap" type="order">
            <!--手动指定字段与实体属性的映射关系
                column: 数据表ode字段名称
                property: 实体的属性名称
            -->
            <id column="oid" property="id"></id>
            <result column="ordertime" property="ordertime"></result>
            <result column="total" property="total"></result>
            <result column="uid" property="user.id"></result>
            <result column="username" property="user.username"></result>
            <result column="password" property="user.password"></result>
            <result column="birthday" property="user.birthday"></result>
        </resultMap>
    
        <select id="findAll" resultMap="orderMap">
        select * ,o.id oid from orders o,user u where o.uid=u.id
        </select>
        <insert id="insert" parameterType="order">
            <!--        insert into user (username,password) values(#{username},#{password})-->
            insert into orders values(0,#{ordertime},#{total},#{user.id})
        </insert>
    </mapper>
    
    *********** sqlMapperConfig.xml *************
        <!--    自定义别名-->
        <typeAliases>
            <typeAlias type="org.example.domain.User" alias="user"></typeAlias>
            <typeAlias type="org.example.domain.Order" alias="order"></typeAlias>
        </typeAliases>
    
        <!--        加载映射文件-->
        <mappers>
            <mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>        
            <mapper resource="mapper/OrderMapper.xml"/>
        </mappers>
    

    测试

     OrderMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OrderMapper.class);
            List<Order> orderList = mapper.findAll();
            System.out.println(orderList);
    

    或者通过
    <association>标签配置user

     <resultMap id="orderMap" type="order">
            <!--手动指定字段与实体属性的映射关系
                column: 数据表ode字段名称
                property: 实体的属性名称
            -->
            <id column="oid" property="id"></id>
            <result column="ordertime" property="ordertime"></result>
            <result column="total" property="total"></result>
            <!--
                property: 当前实体(Order)的属性名称(private User user)
                javaType: 当前实体(Order)中的属性的类型(User)
            -->
            <association property="user" javaType="user">
                <id column="uid" property="id"></id>
                <result column="username" property="username"></result>
                <result column="password" property="password"></result>
                <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
            </association>
        </resultMap>
    

    2. 一对多查询

    用户表和订单表的关系为,一个用户有多个订单,一个订单只从属于一个用户
    一对多查询的需求:查询一个用户,与此同时查询出该用户具有的订单


    2.1 user和orders的一对多查询

    select *,o.id oid from user u,orders o where u.id = o.id

    image.png

    2.2 修改User实体

    public class User {
        private int id;
        private String username;
        private String password;
        private Date birthday;
        private List<Order> orderList;
    }
    

    2.3 创建UserMapper

    public interface UserMapper {� 
       List<User> findAll();�
    }
    

    2.4 配置UserMapper.xml

     <resultMap id="userMap" type="user">
            <id column="uid" property="id"></id>
            <result column="username" property="username"></result>
            <result column="password" property="password"></result>
            <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
            <!--        配置集合信息:-->
            <!--          property: 集合名称-->
            <!--          ofType: 当前集合中的数据类型-->
            <collection property="OrderList" ofType="order">
                <!--            封装order的数据-->
                <id column="oid" property="id"></id>
                <result column="ordertime" property="ordertime"></result>
                <result column="total" property="total"></result>
            </collection>
    
        </resultMap>
        <!--    userMapper.findAll-->
        <select id="findAll" resultMap="userMap">
            select *,o.id oid from user u,orders o where u.id = o.id
        </select>
    

    2.5 测试

     //一对多测试
        @Test
        public void test7() throws IOException {
            InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("sqlMapperConfig.xml");
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
            SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            List<User> userList = mapper.findAll();
            System.out.println("################################################");
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
           System.out.println("################################################");
    
            sqlSession.commit();
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    

    打印结果

    ################################################
    User{id=8, username='tom', password='abcd', birthday=Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970, orderList=[Order{id=4, ordertime=Thu Nov 05 23:29:26 CST 2020, total=4000.0, user=null}]}
    User{id=10, username='lucy', password='hisudhaius', birthday=Thu Jan 01 08:00:00 CST 1970, orderList=[Order{id=5, ordertime=Thu Nov 05 23:29:26 CST 2020, total=4000.0, user=null}, Order{id=8, ordertime=Thu Nov 05 23:32:44 CST 2020, total=3000.0, user=null}]}
    User{id=13, username='libai', password='dasnk', birthday=Wed Nov 04 00:18:37 CST 2020, orderList=[Order{id=7, ordertime=Thu Nov 05 23:29:26 CST 2020, total=5000.0, user=null}]}
    ################################################

    多对多查询

    再来假设一个场景,小明是一个学生,他同时是班干部和学生会的干部,而学生会干部可以有多个学生,这样学生和学生会干部表就构成了多对多的关系

    用户表和角色表的关系为,一个用户有多个角色,一个角色被多个用户使用
    多对多查询的需求:查询用户同时查询出该用户的所有角色

    2.1 添加role 和 user_role表

    要实现这种多对多的关系,我们不仅需要role角色表,也需要一个中间表,用户和角色表之间的桥梁——用户id和角色id对应的表。

    create table role(
        id int AUTO_INCREMENT,
        rolename varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (id)
    )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    create table user_role(
        uid int NOT NULL,
        rid int NOT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (uid , rid),
        KEY(rid),
        CONSTRAINT user_role_ibfk_1 FOREIGN KEY (uid) REFERENCES user (id),
      CONSTRAINT user_role_ibfk_2 FOREIGN KEY (rid) REFERENCES role (id)
    )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    

    3.2 user和role的多对多查询

    select u.*,r.*,r.id rid,u.id uid from user u left join user_role ur on u.id=ur.uid inner join role r on ur.rid=r.id

    select * from user u,user_role ur,role r where u.id = ur.uid and ur.rid =r.id

    3.3 创建 role 实体类

    public class Role {
        private int id;
        private String rolename;
    }
    

    User类添加

        private List<Role>roleList;
    

    UserMapper接口添加

        public List<User> findUserAndRoleAll();
    

    3.4 配置UserMapper.xml

    <resultMap id="userRoleMap" type="user">
            <!--    user信息-->
            <id column="uid" property="id"></id>
            <result column="username" property="username"></result>
            <result column="password" property="password"></result>
            <result column="birthday" property="birthday"></result>
            <!--    user内部的roleList信息-->
            <collection property="roleList" ofType="role">
                <!--            封装order的数据-->
                <id column="rid" property="id"></id>
                <result column="rolename" property="rolename"></result>
            </collection>
        </resultMap>
        <select id="findUserAndRoleAll" resultMap="userRoleMap">
            select * from user u,user_role ur,role r where u.id = ur.uid and ur.rid =r.id
        </select>
    

    配置sqlMapperConfig.xml,给Role增加别名

            <typeAlias type="org.example.domain.Role" alias="role"></typeAlias>
    
    

    3.5 测试

     //多对多测试
        @Test
        public void test8() throws IOException {
            InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("sqlMapperConfig.xml");
            SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
            SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    
            UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    
    
            List<User> userList = mapper.findUserAndRoleAll();
            System.out.println("################################################");
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
            System.out.println("################################################");
    
            sqlSession.commit();
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    

    User{id=14, username='libai', password='dasnk', birthday=Wed Nov 04 01:09:39 CST 2020, orderList=null, roleList=[Role{id=1, rolename='学生'}, Role{id=4, rolename='学生会干事'}]}
    User{id=9, username='libai', password='dasnk', birthday=Wed Nov 04 00:46:39 CST 2020, orderList=null, roleList=[Role{id=3, rolename='班主任'}]}
    User{id=13, username='libai', password='dasnk', birthday=Wed Nov 04 01:01:32 CST 2020, orderList=null, roleList=[Role{id=3, rolename='班主任'}, Role{id=5, rolename='辅导员'}]}
    User{id=7, username='libai', password='dasnk', birthday=Wed Nov 04 00:18:37 CST 2020, orderList=null, roleList=[Role{id=4, rolename='学生会干事'}]}

    小结

    MyBatis多表配置方式:

    • 一对一配置:使用<resultMap>做配置
    • 一对多配置:使用<resultMap>+<collection>做配置
    • 多对多配置:使用<resultMap>+<collection>做配置

    二、 注解开发

    这几年来注解开发越来越流行,Mybatis也可以使用注解开发方式,这样我们就可以减少编写Mapper映射文件了。
    我们先围绕一些基本的CRUD来学习,再学习复杂映射多表操作。

    1. 常见的注解

    @Insert:实现新增
    @Update:实现更新
    @Delete:实现删除
    @Select:实现查询
    @Result:实现结果集封装
    @Results:可以与@Result 一起使用,封装多个结果集
    @One:实现一对一结果集封装
    @Many:实现一对多结果集封装

    1.2 增删改查

    修改MyBatisTest.java,将公共操作抽取出来

        private UserMapper userMapper;
        private UserMapper userMapper;
        private SqlSession sqlSession;
        private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
        private InputStream resourceAsStream;
    
        @Before
        public void before() throws IOException {
            resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("sqlMapperConfig.xml");
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
            sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        }
    
        @After
        public void after() {
            sqlSession.commit();
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    
    
      @Test
        public void saveTest() {
            User user = new User();
            user.setUsername("djjjj");
            user.setPassword("asssdddd");
            user.setBirthday(new Date());
            userMapper.save(user);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void updateTest() {
            User user = new User();
            user.setId(16);
            user.setUsername("tom");
            user.setPassword("dasdasdsadas");
            user.setBirthday(new Date());
            userMapper.update(user);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void deleteTest() {
            userMapper.delete(12);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void findByIdTest() {
            User user =userMapper.findById(11);
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void findAllTest() {
            List<User> userList =userMapper.findAll();
            System.out.println("################################################");
            for (User user : userList) {
                System.out.println(user);
            }
            System.out.println("################################################");
        }
    

    1.3 修改UserMapper.java

       @Insert("insert into user  values (0,#{username},#{password},#{birthday})")
        public void save(User user);
    
        @Update("update user set username=#{username},password=#{password} where id=#{id}")
        public void update(User user);
    
        @Delete("delete from user where id=#{id}")
        public void delete(int id);
    
        @Select("select * from user where id=#{id}")
        public User findById(int id);
    
        @Select("select * from user ")
        public List<User> findAll();
    

    1.4 删除UserMapper.xml

    删除了之后,我们没有了配置文件了呀,那怎么做呢。
    我们之前在sqlMapperConfig.xml里面配置了

     <!--        加载映射文件-->
        <mappers>
            <mapper resource="mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>
            <mapper resource="mapper/OrderMapper.xml"/>
        </mappers>
    

    删除了之后我们就得加载映射关系,指定接口所在的包

        <!--    加载映射关系 TODO-->
        <mappers>
            <!--        指定接口所在的包-->
            <package name="org.example.mapper"/>
        </mappers>
    

    1.5 测试原来的增删改查操作

    没有问题!说明可以运行。

    2. 使用注解实现更复杂的查询

    实现复杂关系映射之前我们可以在映射文件中通过配置<resultMap>来实现,使用注解开发后,我们可以使用
    @Results注解,@Result注解,@One注解,@Many注解
    组合完成复杂关系的配置


    前面我们用配置文件的方式实现了order和user的一对多查询,同样的我们也可以使用注解实现。

    2. 1 一对一查询

    用户表和订单表的关系为,一个用户有多个订单,一个订单只从属于一个用户
    一对一查询的需求:查询一个订单,与此同时查询出该订单所属的用户

    对应的sql语句:

        select * from orders;
        select * from user where id=查询出订单的uid;
    

    1. 修改OrderMapper

    public interface OrderMapper {
    
        @Select("select * ,o.id oid from orders o,user u where o.uid=u.id")
        @Results({
                @Result(column = "oid",property = "id"),
                @Result(column = "ordertime",property = "ordertime"),
                @Result(column = "total",property = "total"),
                @Result(column = "uid",property = "user.id"),
                @Result(column = "username",property = "user.username"),
                @Result(column = "password",property = "user.password"),
                @Result(column = "birthday",property = "user.birthday")
        })
        public List<Order> findAll();
    
        @Insert("insert into orders values(0,#{ordertime},#{total},#{user.id})")
        public void insert(Order order);
    }
    

    测试

        @Test
        public void orderFindAllTest() {
            List<Order> orderList = orderMapper.findAll();
            System.out.println(orderList);
    
        }
        @Test
        public void orderInsertTest(){
            User user = userMapper.findById(10);
    
            Order order = new Order();
            order.setTotal(3000);
            order.setUser(user);
            order.setOrdertime(new Date());
    
            orderMapper.insert(order);
        }
    

    两个都可以正常运行。
    我们上面的查询方式是一次查两张表,但是我们也可以通过查order表获取uid,再通过uid去查user表,这种方法怎么实现呢?
    不知道你还记不记得,前面我们使用了<association>进行order和user表的一对一查询的封装,前面图中提到了@One属性,就是它的一种替代

    2 修改OrderMapper.java

    用户表和订单表的关系为,一个用户有多个订单,一个订单只从属于一个用户
    一对多查询的需求:查询一个用户,与此同时查询出该用户具有的订单

    
        @Select("select * ,o.id oid from orders o,user u where o.uid=u.id")
        @Results({
                @Result(column = "oid",property = "id"),
                @Result(column = "ordertime",property = "ordertime"),
                @Result(column = "total",property = "total"),
    
                @Result(
                        property = "user",//代表要封装的属性名称
                        column = "uid",//根据哪个字段去查询user表
                        javaType = User.class,//要封装的实体类型
                        //select属性,代表查询哪个接口的方法获得数据
                        one = @One(select = "org.example.mapper.UserMapper.findById")
                )
        })
        public List<Order> findAll();
    

    可能这种方式用的比较多

    2.2 一对多查询

    对应的sql语句:

        select * from user;
        select * from orders where uid=查询出用户的id;
    

    给OrderMapper.java增加一个查询方法

        @Select("select * from orders where uid=#{uid}")
        public List<Order> findByUid(int uid);
    

    修改UserMapper.java

        @Select("select * from user")
        @Results({
                @Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
                @Result(column = "username", property = "username"),
                @Result(column = "password", property = "password"),
                @Result(column = "birthday", property = "birthday"),
                @Result(
                        property = "orderList",
                        column = "id",
                        javaType = List.class,
                        many = @Many(select = "org.example.mapper.OrderMapper.findByUid")
                )
        })
        public List<User> findUserAndOrderAll();
    

    但是这种方法,其实是查到了所有的user,其中有些有orderList,原因在于这其实是一种按顺序的查询方式,先查了user表再查了order表

    select *,o.id oid from user u,orders o where u.id = o.id是不一样的

    2.3 多对多查询

    再来回顾一下多对多的查询
    用户表和角色表的关系为,一个用户有多个角色,一个角色被多个用户使用
    多对多查询的需求:查询用户同时查询出该用户的所有角色
    对应的sql语句:

        select * from user;
        select * from role r,user_role ur where r.id=ur.role_id and ur.user_id=用户的id
    

    1. 新建一个RoleMapper接口

    
    public interface RoleMapper {
        @Select("select * from user_role ur,role r where ur.rid = r.id and ur.uid = #{uid}")
        public List<Role> findByUid(int id);
    }
    

    2. 修改UserMapper

        @Select("select * from user")
        @Results({
                @Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
                @Result(column = "username", property = "username"),
                @Result(column = "password", property = "password"),
                @Result(column = "birthday", property = "birthday"),
                @Result(
                        property = "roleList",
                        column = "id",
                        javaType = List.class,
                        many = @Many(select = "org.example.mapper.RoleMapper.findByUid")
                )
        })
        public List<User> findUserAndRoleAll();
    

    这样子,就有个很怪的问题,注解查询每次都返回了全部的user,我不需要这么多的user啊,我只想要和role关联的那几个user,这会是一个好的方法吗。

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