二、代码
代码直接参考了下文,更多解读参见原文,其中将ip提取部分修改了下,并将用来测试IP是否可用的百度url改成了CSDN博客里文章的url。
进群:548377875 即可获取数十套PDF哦!
另外也试了下豆瓣......嗯,立马就“403”,上不去了,所以看了本文想刷其他网站数据的朋友,还是三思而行,如果账号被封,概不负责哦。==。
代码(py3.5版本):源码奉上!
# coding: utf-8
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import time
from multiprocessing import Pool#多进程
import random
from lxml import etree #解析
def GetUserAgent():
'''
功能:随机获取HTTP_User_Agent
'''
user_agents=[
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1"
]
user_agent = random.choice(user_agents)
return user_agent
def getProxies():
'''
功能:爬取西刺高匿IP构造原始代理IP池
'''
init_proxies = []
##爬取前五页
for i in range(1,6):
print("####")
print("####爬取第"+str(i)+"页####")
print("####")
print("IP地址 端口 存活时间 验证时间")
url = "http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/"+str(i)
user_agent = GetUserAgent()
headers=("User-Agent",user_agent)
opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [headers]
try:
data = opener.open(url,timeout=5).read()
except Exception as er:
print("爬取的时候发生错误,具体如下:")
print(er)
selector=etree.HTML(data)
'''
ip_addrs = selector.xpath('//tr[@class="odd"]/td[2]/text()') #IP地址
port = selector.xpath('//tr[@class="odd"]/td[3]/text()') #端口
sur_time = selector.xpath('//tr[@class="odd"]/td[9]/text()') #存活时间
ver_time = selector.xpath('//tr[@class="odd"]/td[10]/text()') #验证时间
'''
#原代码只提取了奇数行部分,修改下
ip_addrs = selector.xpath('//tr/td[2]/text()') #IP地址
port = selector.xpath('//tr/td[3]/text()') #端口
sur_time = selector.xpath('//tr/td[9]/text()') #存活时间
ver_time = selector.xpath('//tr/td[10]/text()') #验证时间
for j in range(len(ip_addrs)):
ip = ip_addrs[j]+":"+port[j]
init_proxies.append(ip)
#输出爬取数据
print(ip_addrs[j]+" "+port[j]+" "+sur_time[j]+" "+ver_time[j])
return init_proxies
def testProxy(curr_ip):
'''
功能:验证IP有效性
@curr_ip:当前被验证的IP
'''
tmp_proxies = []
#socket.setdefaulttimeout(10) #设置全局超时时间
#tarURL = "http://www.baidu.com/"
#tarURL = "http://blog.csdn.net/deserts_x/article/details/76726885" #CSDN-老树画画
tarURL = "http://blog.csdn.net/deserts_x/article/details/76409116" #CSDN-张佳玮
user_agent = GetUserAgent()
proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({"http":curr_ip})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
opener.addheaders=[("User-Agent",user_agent)]
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
try:
res = urllib.request.urlopen(tarURL,timeout=5).read()
if len(res)!=0:
tmp_proxies.append(curr_ip)
except urllib.error.URLError as er2:
if hasattr(er2,"code"):
print("验证代理IP("+curr_ip+")时发生错误(错误代码):"+str(er2.code))
if hasattr(er2,"reason"):
print("验证代理IP("+curr_ip+")时发生错误(错误原因):"+str(er2.reason))
except Exception as er:
print("验证代理IP("+curr_ip+")时发生如下错误):")
print(er)
time.sleep(2)
return tmp_proxies
def mulTestProxies(init_proxies):
'''
功能:多进程验证IP有效性
@init_proxies:原始未验证代理IP池
'''
pool = Pool(processes=7)
fl_proxies = pool.map(testProxy,init_proxies)
pool.close()
pool.join() #等待进程池中的worker进程执行完毕
return fl_proxies
if __name__ == '__main__':
#---(1)获取代理IP池
init_proxies = getProxies() #获取原始代理IP
tmp_proxies = mulTestProxies(init_proxies) #多进程测试原始代理IP
proxy_addrs = []
for tmp_proxy in tmp_proxies:
if len(tmp_proxy)!=0:
#print(tmp_proxy)
proxy_addrs.append(tmp_proxy)
print(len(proxy_addrs))
print(proxy_addrs)
三、小结
关于爬取和维护IP代理池的文章网上其实不少,简书上也不少,对于想要爬虫进阶的人来说一定是会碰到的,毕竟当你想大规模爬取某网站数据时,只靠自己电脑的IP在单位时间里大量访问的话,多半会出事,而为了爬取效率起见,就需要大量IP车轮战,前仆后继地上了。
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