gRPC基本概念
什么是 gRPC?
gRPC 是一种新式的高性能框架,它通过 RPC (远程过程调用) 改进。 在应用程序级别,gRPC 简化了客户端和后端服务之间的消息传递。 gRPC 源自 Google,是云原生产品/服务生态系统的开源 ( 是 () 的一 部分。 NCF 将 gRPC 作为 一个正在开发的项目。 "缩小"意味着最终用户在生产应用程序中使用技术,并且项目的参与者数量正常。
典型的 gRPC 客户端应用将公开实现业务操作的本地进程内函数。 在此之下,该本地函数在远程计算机上调用另一个函数。 似乎是本地调用实质上成为对远程服务的透明进程外调用。 RPC 管道提取计算机之间的点到点网络通信、序列化和执行。
在云原生应用程序中,开发人员通常跨编程语言、框架和技术工作。 这种 互操作性 使消息协定和跨平台通信所需的管道变得复杂。 gRPC 提供了一个"统一的水平层"来抽象这些问题。 开发人员在本机平台中编写代码,专注于业务功能,而 gRPC 处理通信管道。
gRPC 在最常用的开发堆栈(包括 Java、JavaScript、C#、Go、Swift 和 NodeJS)中提供全面的支持。
调用过程和示例
官方给出的调用过程十分简洁,如下图
整体示例.png
前面介绍了pb文件的编写方法,这里我们通过官方示例,介绍gRPC的调用过程。
syntax = "proto3";
// The greeter service definition.
service Greeter {
// Sends a greeting
rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply) {}
}
// The request message containing the user's name.
message HelloRequest {
string name = 1;
}
// The response message containing the greetings
message HelloReply {
string message = 1;
}
SayHello便是图示中的Proto Request方法,HelloRequest和HelloReply是具体的请求响应参数。
我们通过protoc工具生成对应的类(C++)
protoc --cpp_out=. helloworld.proto
grpc-client示例
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
#ifdef BAZEL_BUILD
#include "examples/protos/helloworld.grpc.pb.h"
#else
#include "helloworld.grpc.pb.h"
#endif
using grpc::Channel;
using grpc::ClientContext;
using grpc::Status;
using helloworld::Greeter;
using helloworld::HelloReply;
using helloworld::HelloRequest;
class GreeterClient {
public:
GreeterClient(std::shared_ptr<Channel> channel)
: stub_(Greeter::NewStub(channel)) {}
// Assembles the client's payload, sends it and presents the response back
// from the server.
std::string SayHello(const std::string& user) {
// Data we are sending to the server.
HelloRequest request;
request.set_name(user);
// Container for the data we expect from the server.
HelloReply reply;
// Context for the client. It could be used to convey extra information to
// the server and/or tweak certain RPC behaviors.
ClientContext context;
// The actual RPC.
Status status = stub_->SayHello(&context, request, &reply);
// Act upon its status.
if (status.ok()) {
return reply.message();
} else {
std::cout << status.error_code() << ": " << status.error_message()
<< std::endl;
return "RPC failed";
}
}
private:
std::unique_ptr<Greeter::Stub> stub_;
};
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
// Instantiate the client. It requires a channel, out of which the actual RPCs
// are created. This channel models a connection to an endpoint specified by
// the argument "--target=" which is the only expected argument.
// We indicate that the channel isn't authenticated (use of
// InsecureChannelCredentials()).
std::string target_str;
std::string arg_str("--target");
if (argc > 1) {
std::string arg_val = argv[1];
size_t start_pos = arg_val.find(arg_str);
if (start_pos != std::string::npos) {
start_pos += arg_str.size();
if (arg_val[start_pos] == '=') {
target_str = arg_val.substr(start_pos + 1);
} else {
std::cout << "The only correct argument syntax is --target="
<< std::endl;
return 0;
}
} else {
std::cout << "The only acceptable argument is --target=" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
} else {
target_str = "localhost:50051";
}
GreeterClient greeter(
grpc::CreateChannel(target_str, grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials()));
std::string user("world");
std::string reply = greeter.SayHello(user);
std::cout << "Greeter received: " << reply << std::endl;
return 0;
}
grpc-server示例
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <grpcpp/ext/proto_server_reflection_plugin.h>
#include <grpcpp/grpcpp.h>
#include <grpcpp/health_check_service_interface.h>
#ifdef BAZEL_BUILD
#include "examples/protos/helloworld.grpc.pb.h"
#else
#include "helloworld.grpc.pb.h"
#endif
using grpc::Server;
using grpc::ServerBuilder;
using grpc::ServerContext;
using grpc::Status;
using helloworld::Greeter;
using helloworld::HelloReply;
using helloworld::HelloRequest;
// Logic and data behind the server's behavior.
class GreeterServiceImpl final : public Greeter::Service {
Status SayHello(ServerContext* context, const HelloRequest* request,
HelloReply* reply) override {
std::string prefix("Hello ");
reply->set_message(prefix + request->name());
return Status::OK;
}
};
void RunServer() {
std::string server_address("0.0.0.0:50051");
GreeterServiceImpl service;
grpc::EnableDefaultHealthCheckService(true);
grpc::reflection::InitProtoReflectionServerBuilderPlugin();
ServerBuilder builder;
// Listen on the given address without any authentication mechanism.
builder.AddListeningPort(server_address, grpc::InsecureServerCredentials());
// Register "service" as the instance through which we'll communicate with
// clients. In this case it corresponds to an *synchronous* service.
builder.RegisterService(&service);
// Finally assemble the server.
std::unique_ptr<Server> server(builder.BuildAndStart());
std::cout << "Server listening on " << server_address << std::endl;
// Wait for the server to shutdown. Note that some other thread must be
// responsible for shutting down the server for this call to ever return.
server->Wait();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
RunServer();
return 0;
}
通过示例可以看到,grpc client通过创建channel(类似于客户端连接)和stub(pb文件自动创建)完成调用。
grpc server 通过创建server,注册自定义的服务接口(service和rpc方法)实现完整的rpc过程,简单分解如下
简单分解.png
参考
grpc简介
网友评论