一、现在分词的变化规则
(1)一般而言,直接在动词原形后面加-ing. 如:
work-working,study-studying,eat-eating,sing-singing,sleep-sleeping等。
(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉字母e,再加-ing. 如:
take-taking,make-making,write-writing,come-coming,arrive-arriving等。
(3)以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing. 如:
lie-lying,die-dying,tie-tying等。
(4)以重读闭音节(辅音+元音+辅音)结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing. 如:
run-running,stop-stopping,prefer-preferring,begin-beginning等。
二、现在分词的一般式、完成式和否定式
1.一般式
若现在分词与句子谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,则使用现在分词的一般式。
现在分词一般式的主动语态形式为doing,被动语态形式为being done. 现在分词一般式的被动语态表示被动的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,既有被动的含义,又有正在进行的含义。如:
Working hard,you will succeed. 努力工作,你就会成功。
Being watched by so many people,she feels nervous. 由于被如此多的人注视着,她很紧张。
2.完成式
若现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则使用现在分词的完成式。
现在分词完成式的主动语态形式为having done,被动语态形式为having been done. 现在分词完成式的被动语态表示被动的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如:
Having finished the work,he wants to sleep. 已经完成了工作,他想睡觉。
Having been shown around the room,we are taken to the garden. 被带着参观了卧室之后,我们又被带去了花园。
3.否定式
否定式是在原式之前直接加not.
(1)现在分词一般式的主动语态的否定式为not doing,被动语态的否定式为not being done. 如:
Not working hard,you won't succeed. 不努力工作,你不会成功。
Not being watched by many people,she feels very relaxed. 没有被很多人注视着,她很轻松。
(2)现在分词完成式的主动语态的否定式为not having done,被动语态的否定式为not having been done. 如:
Not having finished the work,he can't sleep. 还没有完成工作,他不能睡觉。
Not having been sowed,the seed can't sprout. 还没有被播种,种子无法发芽。
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