1、前言
mybatis 是有事务模块的，mybatis 与 spring 结合的时候，spring 实现了 mybatis 的事务接口 Transaction，实现类为 SpringManagedTransaction。
SpringManagedTransaction 类的注释
此类的注释如下：
- 如果它主要掌管 jdbc 连接的整个生命周期，包括获取释放。
- 如果 spring 的事务管理器被激活的话，那么它不会做事务的操作，他的 commit/rollback/close 不会做任何操作。
- 如果 spring 事务不激活，那么它会掌管 jdbc 的事务，事实上，我们一般都用 spring 自己的事务，所以它其实就拿个连接而已。
我们可以点进去看他的方法，事实上也是这样：
/**
* Copyright 2010-2016 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.mybatis.spring.transaction;
import static org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.Transaction;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.ConnectionHolder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
/**
* {@code SpringManagedTransaction} handles the lifecycle of a JDBC connection.
* It retrieves a connection from Spring's transaction manager and returns it back to it
* when it is no longer needed.
* <p>
* If Spring's transaction handling is active it will no-op all commit/rollback/close calls
* assuming that the Spring transaction manager will do the job.
* <p>
* If it is not it will behave like {@code JdbcTransaction}.
*
* @author Hunter Presnall
* @author Eduardo Macarron
*
* @version $Id$
*/
public class SpringManagedTransaction implements Transaction {
private static final Log LOGGER = LogFactory.getLog(SpringManagedTransaction.class);
private final DataSource dataSource;
private Connection connection;
private boolean isConnectionTransactional;
private boolean autoCommit;
public SpringManagedTransaction(DataSource dataSource) {
notNull(dataSource, "No DataSource specified");
this.dataSource = dataSource;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
if (this.connection == null) {
openConnection();
}
return this.connection;
}
/**
* Gets a connection from Spring transaction manager and discovers if this
* {@code Transaction} should manage connection or let it to Spring.
* <p>
* It also reads autocommit setting because when using Spring Transaction MyBatis
* thinks that autocommit is always false and will always call commit/rollback
* so we need to no-op that calls.
*/
private void openConnection() throws SQLException {
this.connection = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(this.dataSource);
this.autoCommit = this.connection.getAutoCommit();
this.isConnectionTransactional = DataSourceUtils.isConnectionTransactional(this.connection, this.dataSource);
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOGGER.debug(
"JDBC Connection ["
+ this.connection
+ "] will"
+ (this.isConnectionTransactional ? " " : " not ")
+ "be managed by Spring");
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
if (this.connection != null && !this.isConnectionTransactional && !this.autoCommit) {
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOGGER.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
}
this.connection.commit();
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
if (this.connection != null && !this.isConnectionTransactional && !this.autoCommit) {
if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOGGER.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");
}
this.connection.rollback();
}
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(this.connection, this.dataSource);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public Integer getTimeout() throws SQLException {
ConnectionHolder holder = (ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(dataSource);
if (holder != null && holder.hasTimeout()) {
return holder.getTimeToLiveInSeconds();
}
return null;
}
}
综上而言，mybatis 就像个工具人，spring 只需要它解析 mapper 接口、mapper.xml 文件之类的功能（mybatis 主体功能），对于事务这种东西，spring 选择了自己实现。那么，spring 事务是怎么实现的呢？
2、关于事务实现
首先，不管是 spring、mybatis 抑或是其他的任何框架类，对于事务的实现本质上还是利用数据源的事务实现。就比如 mybatis，在最后提交事务的时候，还是使用 connection.commit()、connection.rollback()。可以试着点进去 commit 等方法，发现调用的是各个数据源的实现（而数据源的实现，最后都是数据库 sql 语句的实现，比如一个很简单的事务操作语句：
set autocommit = 0；
update xxx set xx = yy ...；
commit；
如果有人能讲清楚这个问题，而不是说一堆废话，我想可能更好理解把）。代码如下：
/**
* Copyright 2009-2017 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.Log;
import org.apache.ibatis.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.TransactionIsolationLevel;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.Transaction;
import org.apache.ibatis.transaction.TransactionException;
/**
* {@link Transaction} that makes use of the JDBC commit and rollback facilities directly.
* It relies on the connection retrieved from the dataSource to manage the scope of the transaction.
* Delays connection retrieval until getConnection() is called.
* Ignores commit or rollback requests when autocommit is on.
*
* @author Clinton Begin
*
* @see JdbcTransactionFactory
*/
public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);
protected Connection connection;
protected DataSource dataSource;
protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;
// MEMO: We are aware of the typo. See #941
protected boolean autoCommmit;
public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
dataSource = ds;
level = desiredLevel;
autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;
}
public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) {
this.connection = connection;
}
@Override
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
if (connection == null) {
openConnection();
}
return connection;
}
@Override
public void commit() throws SQLException {
if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.commit();
}
}
@Override
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.rollback();
}
}
@Override
public void close() throws SQLException {
if (connection != null) {
resetAutoCommit();
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.close();
}
}
protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) {
try {
if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
// Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,
// and there's not much we can do about that.
throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit. "
+ "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "
+ "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ". Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
protected void resetAutoCommit() {
try {
if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {
// MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed.
// Some databases start transactions with select statements
// and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.
// A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.
// Sybase throws an exception here.
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");
}
connection.setAutoCommit(true);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "
+ "before closing the connection. Cause: " + e);
}
}
}
protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
}
connection = dataSource.getConnection();
if (level != null) {
connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
}
setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
}
@Override
public Integer getTimeout() throws SQLException {
return null;
}
}
3、spring 事务实现
实际上，spring 的源码异常庞大复杂，所以基本上是不可能看完的，光 transaction 都有一个模块，这边顶多讲讲他的实现思路。
spring中的事务实现从原理上说比较简单，通过aop在方法执行前后增加数据库事务的操作。
- 1.在方法开始时判断是否开启新事务，需要开启事务则设置事务手动提交 set autocommit=0;
- 2.在方法执行完成后手动提交事务 commit;
- 3.在方法抛出指定异常后调用rollback回滚事务
具体逻辑看 TransactionIntercepto 的 invoke 方法，会发现有创建事务，提交事务，出错会滚的代码，我也就看了一下，没具体细看。不过我们使用 @Transactional 开启事务的时候，
我们先使用：sudo tcpdump -i lo0 -s 0 -l -w - port 3306 | strings
抓包 mysql 的 sql 打印代码，会发现有如下的代码打印：
mysql 的 tcp 通信
当然，我在实际操作的过程中发现，我不好抓这个包，可能是不熟悉这个软件把。所以我直接去 mysql 的日志查看，事实也确实是类似的（记得开启 mysql 日志）：
mysql 日志
4、感想
我觉得大部分人都不会好好讲话，至少都不会完整的把一个事情讲明白。spring 的事务编程模型确实很复杂，但是我有时候其实想知道他为啥有效，而不是整个模型是怎样做的，因为如果知道他为啥有效后面就慢慢研究就行了。也许
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