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Android 进程管理篇(五)-调度策略与优先级

Android 进程管理篇(五)-调度策略与优先级

作者: Stan_Z | 来源:发表于2019-08-18 17:04 被阅读0次

    接上篇cpuset,这篇来看看进程优先级与调度策略管理。

    一、进程优先级与调度策略

    Linux中,优先级号一共有0-139,其中0-99的是RT(实时)进程,100-139的是非实时进程。
    数字越低优先级越高。

    实时调度:针对0-99的RT进程
    • SCHED_FIFO:不同优先级的高的先跑,相同优先级的先来先跑,一旦占据CPU就要到跑完为止。
    • SCHED_RR:不同优先级的高的先跑,相同优先级的时间片轮询。
    分时调度:针对100-139的普通进程,他们按nice值 -20 - 19来算优先级,越nice优先级越低
    • SCHED_NOMAL(SCHED_OTHER):时间片轮询,优先级越高抢占能力越强,越容易获得更多时间片。
    • SCHED_BATCH 批处理进程,唤醒不频繁的使用SCHED_BATCH,频繁的适合SCHED_NOMAL。

    SCHED_IDLE idle状态低优先级进程调度

    二、调度策略与优先级设置
    frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java
    
    public static final int SCHED_OTHER = 0;
    public static final int SCHED_FIFO = 1;
    public static final int SCHED_RR = 2;
    public static final int SCHED_BATCH = 3;
    public static final int SCHED_IDLE = 5;
    

    先看Process中调度策略的划分,与上面介绍的一样。

    frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
    
    static boolean scheduleAsRegularPriority(int tid, boolean suppressLogs) {
        try {
            Process.setThreadScheduler(tid, Process.SCHED_OTHER, 0);
            return true;
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            if (!suppressLogs) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Failed to set scheduling policy, thread does not exist:\n" + e);
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    static boolean scheduleAsFifoPriority(int tid, boolean suppressLogs) {
        try {
            Process.setThreadScheduler(tid, Process.SCHED_FIFO | Process.SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK, 1);
            return true;
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            if (!suppressLogs) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Failed to set scheduling policy, thread does not exist:\n" + e);
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    

    首先在AMS中封装了FIFO和NORMAL的两个策略,NORMAL好说,看看FIFO在哪用到

    private final boolean applyOomAdjLocked(ProcessRecord app, boolean doingAll, long now,
            long nowElapsed) {
    …
    setProcessGroup(app.pid, processGroup); //这里上篇文章已经讲过了
    if (app.curSchedGroup == ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP) {
        // do nothing if we already switched to RT
        if (oldSchedGroup != ProcessList.SCHED_GROUP_TOP_APP) {
            mVrController.onTopProcChangedLocked(app);
    //UI渲染使用的fifo,但是mUseFifoUiScheduling条件需要打开:
    //if (SystemProperties.getInt("sys.use_fifo_ui", 0) != 0) {
    //    mUseFifoUiScheduling = true;
    // }
    但是getprop看了下,压根就没有设置,那就是并没有使用到fifo策略,可能也并没有什么优化效果吧。
            if (mUseFifoUiScheduling) {
                // Switch UI pipeline for app to SCHED_FIFO
                app.savedPriority = Process.getThreadPriority(app.pid);
                scheduleAsFifoPriority(app.pid, /* suppressLogs */true);
                if (app.renderThreadTid != 0) {
                    scheduleAsFifoPriority(app.renderThreadTid,
                        /* suppressLogs */true);
                    if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) {
                        Slog.d("UI_FIFO", "Set RenderThread (TID " +
                            app.renderThreadTid + ") to FIFO");
                    }
                } else {
                    if (DEBUG_OOM_ADJ) {
                        Slog.d("UI_FIFO", "Not setting RenderThread TID");
                    }
                }
            } else {//如果不调整,那么直接就设置优先级。
                // Boost priority for top app UI and render threads
                setThreadPriority(app.pid, TOP_APP_PRIORITY_BOOST);
                if (app.renderThreadTid != 0) {
                    try {
                        setThreadPriority(app.renderThreadTid,
                                TOP_APP_PRIORITY_BOOST);
                    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                        // thread died, ignore
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    ...
    }
    

    这里Process.setThreadScheduler并没有太多的应用,我们直接来看优先级设置吧。else中将top app的UI线程与render线程都设置为TOP_APP_PRIORITY_BOOST优先级,nice值为-10,非常高。

    frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java
    
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_DEFAULT = 0;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST = 19;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND = 10;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND = -2;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_DISPLAY = -4;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY = -8;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_AUDIO = -16;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_URGENT_AUDIO = -19;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_MORE_FAVORABLE = -1;
    public static final int THREAD_PRIORITY_LESS_FAVORABLE = +1;
    而TOP_APP_PRIORITY_BOOST=-10 定义在AMS中。
    public static final native void setThreadPriority(int priority)
            throws IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException;
    setThreadPriority在Process中是native方法,那直接jni进去
    frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Process.cpp
    void android_os_Process_setThreadPriority(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz,
                                                  jint pid, jint pri)
    {
    #if GUARD_THREAD_PRIORITY
        // if we're putting the current thread into the background, check the TLS
        // to make sure this thread isn't guarded.  If it is, raise an exception.
        if (pri >= ANDROID_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND) {
            if (pid == gettid()) {
                void* bgOk = pthread_getspecific(gBgKey);
                if (bgOk == ((void*)0xbaad)) {
                    ALOGE("Thread marked fg-only put self in background!");
                    jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/SecurityException", "May not put this thread into background");
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    #endif
        int rc = androidSetThreadPriority(pid, pri);//设置thread优先级
        if (rc != 0) {
            if (rc == INVALID_OPERATION) {
                signalExceptionForPriorityError(env, errno, pid);
            } else {
                signalExceptionForGroupError(env, errno, pid);
            }
        }
        //ALOGI("Setting priority of %" PRId32 ": %" PRId32 ", getpriority returns %d\n",
        //     pid, pri, getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, pid));
    }
    

    这里主要调用androidSetThreadPriority方法

    system/core/libutils/Threads.cpp
    
    int androidSetThreadPriority(pid_t tid, int pri)
    {
        int rc = 0;
        int lasterr = 0;
        //如果priority大于等于BACKGROUND,则设置为BACKGROUND类型的调度策略
        if (pri >= ANDROID_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND) {
            rc = set_sched_policy(tid, SP_BACKGROUND);
        //如果priority小于BACKGROUND,且当线程为BACKGROUND类型,则设置为FOREGROUND类型。
        } else if (getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, tid) >= ANDROID_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND) {
            rc = set_sched_policy(tid, SP_FOREGROUND);
        }
        if (rc) {
            lasterr = errno;
        }
        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, tid, pri) < 0) {//这里最终设置优先级
            rc = INVALID_OPERATION;
        } else {
            errno = lasterr;
        }
        return rc;
    }
    

    这里通过set_sched_policy来调整调度策略,并通过setpriority设置进程优先级。这里不特意区分进程与线程了,反正在linux中都是进程。

    system/core/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
    
    int set_sched_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy policy)
    {
        if (tid == 0) {
            tid = gettid();
        }
        policy = _policy(policy);
        pthread_once(&the_once, __initialize);
    #if POLICY_DEBUG
        char statfile[64];
        char statline[1024];
        char thread_name[255];
        snprintf(statfile, sizeof(statfile), "/proc/%d/stat", tid);
        memset(thread_name, 0, sizeof(thread_name));
        int fd = open(statfile, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
        if (fd >= 0) {
            int rc = read(fd, statline, 1023);
            close(fd);
            statline[rc] = 0;
            char *p = statline;
            char *q;
            for (p = statline; *p != '('; p++);
            p++;
            for (q = p; *q != ')'; q++);
            strncpy(thread_name, p, (q-p));
        }
        switch (policy) {
        case SP_BACKGROUND:
            SLOGD("vvv tid %d (%s)", tid, thread_name);
            break;
        case SP_FOREGROUND:
        case SP_AUDIO_APP:
        case SP_AUDIO_SYS:
        case SP_TOP_APP:
            SLOGD("^^^ tid %d (%s)", tid, thread_name);
            break;
        case SP_SYSTEM:
            SLOGD("/// tid %d (%s)", tid, thread_name);
            break;
        default:
            SLOGD("??? tid %d (%s)", tid, thread_name);
            break;
        }
    #endif
        if (schedboost_enabled()) {
            int boost_fd = -1;
            switch (policy) {
            case SP_BACKGROUND:
                boost_fd = bg_schedboost_fd;
                break;
            case SP_FOREGROUND:
            case SP_AUDIO_APP:
            case SP_AUDIO_SYS:
                boost_fd = fg_schedboost_fd;
                break;
            case SP_TOP_APP:
                boost_fd = ta_schedboost_fd;
                break;
            default:
                boost_fd = -1;
                break;
            }
            //add_tid_to_cgroup又继续写节点
            if (boost_fd > 0 && add_tid_to_cgroup(tid, boost_fd) != 0) {
                if (errno != ESRCH && errno != ENOENT)
                    return -errno;
            }
        }
        //timerslack是个睡眠策略,就是至少要睡这么长时间才能醒来,属于省电方面的优化策略
        if (__sys_supports_timerslack) {
            set_timerslack_ns(tid, policy == SP_BACKGROUND ?
                                   TIMER_SLACK_BG : TIMER_SLACK_FG);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    这里与前面的cpuset非常相似,依然是写节点,节点前面也提了就是:

                if (schedboost_enabled()) {//这里对应的是sched路径
                    filename = "/dev/stune/top-app/tasks";
                    ta_schedboost_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
                    filename = "/dev/stune/foreground/tasks";
                    fg_schedboost_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
                    filename = "/dev/stune/background/tasks";
                    bg_schedboost_fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
                }
    

    那么这里又引入了一个schedtune子系统,简单介绍下:
    schedtune是ARM/Linaro为了EAS新增的一个子系统,主要用来控制进程调度选择CPU以及boost触发。通过权重来分配CPU负载能力来实现快速运行。高权重意味着会享受到更好的cpu负载来处理对应的任务,换句话说你能享受相对更好的cpu运行性能。

    简单梳理下schedtune和不同类型SchedPolicy之间的对应关系:

    /dev/stune/top-app/tasks  SP_TOP_APP
    /dev/stune/foreground/tasks  SP_FOREGROUND 
    /dev/stune/background/tasks  SP_BACKGROUND
    

    看下具体文件夹内容:

    /dev/stune/top-app # ls -al
    total 0
    drwxr-xr-x 2 system system 0 1970-05-22 03:35 .
    dr-xr-xr-x 7 system system 0 1970-05-22 03:35 ..
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   0 2019-08-17 18:06 cgroup.clone_children
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   0 2019-08-17 18:06 cgroup.procs
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   0 2019-08-17 18:06 notify_on_release
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   0 2019-08-12 13:41 schedtune.boost
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   0 1970-05-22 03:35 schedtune.colocate
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   0 2019-08-12 13:41 schedtune.prefer_idle
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   0 1970-05-22 03:35 schedtune.sched_boost_no_override
    -rw-rw-r-- 1 system system 0 1970-05-22 03:35 tasks
    

    系统配置:
    这里/dev/stune相关配置只做了这么一个

     # choose idle CPU for top app tasks
    echo 1 > /dev/stune/top-app/schedtune.prefer_idle
    

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