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nvm安装多版本NodeJS和切换

nvm安装多版本NodeJS和切换

作者: Jerry_1116 | 来源:发表于2021-08-18 14:58 被阅读0次

1 NVM简介

  1. nvm是什么
    nvmnodejs 的版本管理器,旨在按用户要求进行安装并按进行shell调用。nvm适用于任何符合POSIXshell(sh、dash、ksh、zsh、bash),特别是在以下平台上:
  • unix
  • macOS
  • windows WSL

2 NVM安装

可以通过如下的cURL或者wget命令之一进行安装:

  • cURL
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
  • wget
wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash

安装之后,为了是nvm命令能够被识别和生效,可以重启terminal或者执行屏幕提示的脚本:

export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm

查看可用的nvm命令:

$ nvm -h

Node Version Manager (v0.38.0)

Note: <version> refers to any version-like string nvm understands. This includes:
  - full or partial version numbers, starting with an optional "v" (0.10, v0.1.2, v1)
  - default (built-in) aliases: node, stable, unstable, iojs, system
  - custom aliases you define with `nvm alias foo`

 Any options that produce colorized output should respect the `--no-colors` option.

Usage:
  nvm --help                                  Show this message
    --no-colors                               Suppress colored output
  nvm --version                               Print out the installed version of nvm
  nvm install [<version>]                     Download and install a <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm install`:
    -s                                        Skip binary download, install from source only.
    -b                                        Skip source download, install from binary only.
    --reinstall-packages-from=<version>       When installing, reinstall packages installed in <node|iojs|node version number>
    --lts                                     When installing, only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name>                          When installing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line
    --skip-default-packages                   When installing, skip the default-packages file if it exists
    --latest-npm                              After installing, attempt to upgrade to the latest working npm on the given node version
    --no-progress                             Disable the progress bar on any downloads
    --alias=<name>                            After installing, set the alias specified to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias <name> <version>)
    --default                                 After installing, set default alias to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias default <version>)
  nvm uninstall <version>                     Uninstall a version
  nvm uninstall --lts                         Uninstall using automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
  nvm uninstall --lts=<LTS name>              Uninstall using automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  nvm use [<version>]                         Modify PATH to use <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm use`:
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
    --lts                                     Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
    --lts=<LTS name>                          Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  nvm exec [<version>] [<command>]            Run <command> on <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm exec`:
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
    --lts                                     Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
    --lts=<LTS name>                          Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  nvm run [<version>] [<args>]                Run `node` on <version> with <args> as arguments. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
   The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm run`:
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
    --lts                                     Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
    --lts=<LTS name>                          Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
  nvm current                                 Display currently activated version of Node
  nvm ls [<version>]                          List installed versions, matching a given <version> if provided
    --no-colors                               Suppress colored output
    --no-alias                                Suppress `nvm alias` output
  nvm ls-remote [<version>]                   List remote versions available for install, matching a given <version> if provided
    --lts                                     When listing, only show LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name>                          When listing, only show versions for a specific LTS line
    --no-colors                               Suppress colored output
  nvm version <version>                       Resolve the given description to a single local version
  nvm version-remote <version>                Resolve the given description to a single remote version
    --lts                                     When listing, only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
    --lts=<LTS name>                          When listing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line
  nvm deactivate                              Undo effects of `nvm` on current shell
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output
  nvm alias [<pattern>]                       Show all aliases beginning with <pattern>
    --no-colors                               Suppress colored output
  nvm alias <name> <version>                  Set an alias named <name> pointing to <version>
  nvm unalias <name>                          Deletes the alias named <name>
  nvm install-latest-npm                      Attempt to upgrade to the latest working `npm` on the current node version
  nvm reinstall-packages <version>            Reinstall global `npm` packages contained in <version> to current version
  nvm unload                                  Unload `nvm` from shell
  nvm which [current | <version>]             Display path to installed node version. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
    --silent                                  Silences stdout/stderr output when a version is omitted
  nvm cache dir                               Display path to the cache directory for nvm
  nvm cache clear                             Empty cache directory for nvm
  nvm set-colors [<color codes>]              Set five text colors using format "yMeBg". Available when supported.
                                               Initial colors are:
                                                   g  b  y  r  e
                                               Color codes:
                                                 r/R = red / bold red
                                                 g/G = green / bold green
                                                 b/B = blue / bold blue
                                                 c/C = cyan / bold cyan
                                                 m/M = magenta / bold magenta
                                                 y/Y = yellow / bold yellow
                                                 k/K = black / bold black
                                                 e/W = light grey / white

Example:
  nvm install 8.0.0                     Install a specific version number
  nvm use 8.0                           Use the latest available 8.0.x release
  nvm run 6.10.3 app.js                 Run app.js using node 6.10.3
  nvm exec 4.8.3 node app.js            Run `node app.js` with the PATH pointing to node 4.8.3
  nvm alias default 8.1.0               Set default node version on a shell
  nvm alias default node                Always default to the latest available node version on a shell

  nvm install node                      Install the latest available version
  nvm use node                          Use the latest version
  nvm install --lts                     Install the latest LTS version
  nvm use --lts                         Use the latest LTS version

  nvm set-colors cgYmW                  Set text colors to cyan, green, bold yellow, magenta, and white

Note:
  to remove, delete, or uninstall nvm - just remove the `$NVM_DIR` folder (usually `~/.nvm`)

3 使用nvm安装多个版本的NodeJS

  1. 查看可用的nodejs版本
# 查看所有可用的nodejs版本
$ nvm ls-remote
# 查看可用的LTS版本
$ nvm ls-remote | grep LTS
        v4.2.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.2.1   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.2.2   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.2.3   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.2.4   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.2.5   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.2.6   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.3.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.3.1   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.3.2   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.1   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.2   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.3   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.4   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.5   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.6   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.4.7   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.5.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.6.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.6.1   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.6.2   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.7.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.7.1   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.7.2   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.7.3   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.1   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.2   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.3   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.4   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.5   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.6   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.8.7   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.9.0   (LTS: Argon)
        v4.9.1   (Latest LTS: Argon)
        v6.9.0   (LTS: Boron)
        v6.9.1   (LTS: Boron)
        v6.9.2   (LTS: Boron)
        v6.9.3   (LTS: Boron)
        v6.9.4   (LTS: Boron)
        v6.9.5   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.10.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.10.1   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.10.2   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.10.3   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.11.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.11.1   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.11.2   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.11.3   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.11.4   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.11.5   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.12.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.12.1   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.12.2   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.12.3   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.13.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.13.1   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.14.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.14.1   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.14.2   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.14.3   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.14.4   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.15.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.15.1   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.16.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.17.0   (LTS: Boron)
       v6.17.1   (Latest LTS: Boron)
        v8.9.0   (LTS: Carbon)
        v8.9.1   (LTS: Carbon)
        v8.9.2   (LTS: Carbon)
        v8.9.3   (LTS: Carbon)
        v8.9.4   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.10.0   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.11.0   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.11.1   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.11.2   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.11.3   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.11.4   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.12.0   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.13.0   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.14.0   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.14.1   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.15.0   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.15.1   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.16.0   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.16.1   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.16.2   (LTS: Carbon)
       v8.17.0   (Latest LTS: Carbon)
      v10.13.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.14.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.14.1   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.14.2   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.15.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.15.1   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.15.2   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.15.3   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.16.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.16.1   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.16.2   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.16.3   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.17.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.18.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.18.1   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.19.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.20.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.20.1   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.21.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.22.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.22.1   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.23.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.23.1   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.23.2   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.23.3   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.24.0   (LTS: Dubnium)
      v10.24.1   (Latest LTS: Dubnium)
      v12.13.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.13.1   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.14.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.14.1   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.15.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.16.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.16.1   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.16.2   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.16.3   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.17.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.18.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.18.1   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.18.2   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.18.3   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.18.4   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.19.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.19.1   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.20.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.20.1   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.20.2   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.21.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.22.0   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.22.1   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.22.2   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.22.3   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.22.4   (LTS: Erbium)
      v12.22.5   (Latest LTS: Erbium)
      v14.15.0   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.15.1   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.15.2   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.15.3   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.15.4   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.15.5   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.16.0   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.16.1   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.17.0   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.17.1   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.17.2   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.17.3   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.17.4   (LTS: Fermium)
      v14.17.5   (Latest LTS: Fermium)
  1. 安装需要的nodejs版本
    安装示例,安装版本:v10.24.1 (Latest LTS: Dubnium),v12.22.5 (Latest LTS: Erbium),v14.17.5 (Latest LTS: Fermium)
$ nvm install v10.24.1
Downloading and installing node v10.24.1...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v10.24.1/node-v10.24.1-linux-x64.tar.xz...
######################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v10.24.1 (npm v6.14.12)
Creating default alias: default -> v10.24.1

$ nvm install v12.22.5
Downloading and installing node v12.22.5...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v12.22.5/node-v12.22.5-linux-x64.tar.xz...
######################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v12.22.5 (npm v6.14.14)

$ nvm install v14.17.5
Downloading and installing node v14.17.5...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v14.17.5/node-v14.17.5-linux-x64.tar.xz...
######################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v14.17.5 (npm v6.14.14)

检查nodejs是否安装成功:

$ node -v
v14.17.5

4 切换nodejs的生效版本

$ node -v
v14.17.5
$ nvm use v10.24.1 
Now using node v10.24.1 (npm v6.14.12)
$ node -v
v10.24.1
$ nvm use v12.22.5 
Now using node v12.22.5 (npm v6.14.14)
$ node -v
v12.22.5

5 其他操作系统安装nvm和常见问题解决

Node Version Manager

5 参考

  1. Node Version Manager

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