背景
研究了开源项目 superset 已经有一段时间了,突然想自己搭建一个类似的 Python + React 类型的项目,搭建的过程中产生了各种问题,这篇文章记录了搭建的整个过程以及遇到的问题和相关解决方法。
基本环境
系统环境: macOS系统
使用python等版本如下
node -v: v11.1.0
npm -v: 6.5.0
python3 --version: 3.6.5
虚拟环境和相关安装包配置
进入项目目录创建 requirements.txt 文件,配置相关依赖包(见文末)
创建虚拟环境(python3直接创建)并激活环境:
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
使用如下命令安装相关依赖包
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
创建项目
本项目以 Flask-AppBuilder 为基础搭建,相关文档和地址:
GitHub 地址 文档地址
按照文档使用如下命令创建项目
flask fab create-app
36-1.png
我们看到安装出现了错误,我从 Flask-AppBuilder 2.1.10 升级到 2.1.13 还是有这个错,搜了下issues 发现已经有这个问题,并且这个问题已经被修复,最新版本应该是还没有发布。我们直接复制地址到浏览器下载: https://github.com/dpgaspar/Flask-AppBuilder-Skeleton/archive/master.zip 把下载压缩包解压,移动文件中的内容到项目文件目录下。如下所示
36-2.png相关目录创建和文件配置
删除 views.py 和 models.py
新增目录 static、assets、views、models
1. 软连接 assets 到 static 目录下(使用绝对路径)
ln -s /Users/xx/app/assets /Users/xx/app/static/assets
2. models 文件目录是相关模型
3. views 文件目录是相关视图
4. templates 文件目录是相关模版文件(见React部分)
5. assets 文件目录是react相关配置(见React部分)
调整后的目录结构如下所示:
36-3.png配置 config.py 文件
数据库地址配置: SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI
并新增 SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False 配置项
应用名称配置: APP_NAME
应用icon配置: APP_ICON
models 模块配置
为了方便 model 统一管理我们创建了 models,该文件下主要存放各种模型文件和模型辅助文件,结构目录如下所示:
36-4.png1、__init__.py 文件内容为:
from . import core
2、core.py 我们定义的一个log模型
from datetime import datetime
import functools
import json
from flask import request, g
from sqlalchemy import (
Boolean, Column, DateTime, ForeignKey, Integer, String, Text,
)
from flask_appbuilder import Model
class Log(Model):
"""ORM object used to log Superset actions to the database"""
__tablename__ = 'logs'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
action = Column(String(512))
blog_id = Column(Integer)
json = Column(Text)
timestamp = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
duration_ms = Column(Integer)
referrer = Column(String(1024))
user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('ab_user.id'))
def __repr__(self):
return self.user_id if self.user_id else self.action
@classmethod
def log_this(cls, f):
"""Decorator to log user actions"""
@functools.wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
"""自定义记录内容"""
return wrapper
views 模块配置
同理为了方便视图的统一管理我们创建了 views,结构目录如下所示:
36-5.png1、__init__.py 文件内容同model模块
2、base.py 定义继承于 BaseView 的公共基类和获取用户的基本信息
from flask import Response, get_flashed_messages, g
from flask_appbuilder import BaseView
import simplejson as json
from flask_appbuilder.security.sqla import models as ab_models
from app import db
def bootstrap_user_data(username=None, include_perms=False):
"""获取用户信息"""
if username:
username = username
else:
username = g.user.username
user = db.session.query(ab_models.User).filter_by(username=username).one()
payload = {
'username': user.username,
'firstName': user.first_name,
'lastName': user.last_name,
'userId': user.id,
'isActive': user.is_active,
'email': user.email,
'createdOn': user.created_on.isoformat()
}
if include_perms:
""""""
return payload
class BaseDDBlogView(BaseView):
def json_response(self, obj, status=200):
return Response(
json.dumps(obj, ignore_nan=True),
status=status,
mimetype='application/json'
)
def common_bootstrap_payload(self):
"""common bootstrap"""
messages = get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True)
return {
'flash_messages': messages
}
3、core.py
from flask import (
Response, request, url_for, redirect, render_template, flash, g
)
from flask_appbuilder import expose
import simplejson as json
from .base import (
BaseDDBlogView, bootstrap_user_data
)
from app import (app, appbuilder, db)
class DDBlog(BaseDDBlogView):
""""""
@expose('/welcome')
def welcome(self):
if not g.user or not g.user.get_id():
return redirect(appbuilder.get_url_for_login)
payload = {
'common': self.common_bootstrap_payload(),
'user': bootstrap_user_data()
}
return self.render_template(
'blog/basic.html',
entry='welcome',
bootstrap_data=json.dumps(payload)
)
appbuilder.add_view_no_menu(DDBlog)
修改 run.py 文件
from app import db, app
from app.models.core import Log
@app.shell_context_processor
def make_shell_context():
"""
此处引入model中已经创建好的Log模型,用于migrate创建是自动加载
"""
return dict(app=app, db=db, Log=Log)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, debug=True)
配置 app/__init__.py 文件
1、新增 migrate 配置
APP_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__)
migrate = Migrate(app, db, directory=APP_DIR + "/migrations")
2、继承并重定向 IndexView
class MyIndexView(IndexView):
@expose("/")
def index(self):
return redirect("/ddblog/welcome")
with app.app_context():
appbuilder = AppBuilder(
app,
db.session,
base_template="blog/base.html",
indexview=MyIndexView,
)
3、配置启动处理 assets 模块 manifest
"""Handling manifest file logic at app start"""
MANIFEST_FILE = APP_DIR + "/static/assets/dist/manifest.json"
manifest = {}
def parse_manifest_json():
global manifest
try:
with open(MANIFEST_FILE, "r") as f:
full_manifest = json.load(f)
manifest = full_manifest.get("entrypoints", {})
except Exception as e:
print(str(e))
pass
def get_js_manifest_files(filename):
if app.debug:
parse_manifest_json()
entry_files = manifest.get(filename, {})
return entry_files.get("js", [])
def get_css_manifest_files(filename):
if app.debug:
parse_manifest_json()
entry_files = manifest.get(filename, {})
return entry_files.get("css", [])
def get_unloaded_chunks(files, loaded_chunks):
filtered_files = [f for f in files if f not in loaded_chunks]
for f in filtered_files:
loaded_chunks.add(f)
return filtered_files
parse_manifest_json()
@app.context_processor
def get_manifest():
return dict(
loaded_chunks=set(),
get_unloaded_chunks=get_unloaded_chunks,
js_manifest=get_js_manifest_files,
css_manifest=get_css_manifest_files,
)
以上配置完成后创建并初始化数据库
1、 进入到到当前项目,启动虚拟环境,执行如下命令:
export FLASK_APP=run.py
flask db init
如下图所示:
36-6.png2、 执行下面命令生成数据库版本并更新
flask db migrate
flask db upgrade
到这里数据库已经完成创建
3、 创建管理员账号 flask fab create-admin 如下图
36-7.png如果以上都能执行完成,Python 模块基本配置完成,这里总结上面出现的几种常见错误
1. 项目的目录结构层级错误
2. 目录 app 名称被修改,执行命令会出现找不到 app 等错误
3. run.py 文件中需要配置一个自己定义的模型如 Log,模型才能被初始化合并到项目中
React 配置
此模块主要记录了项目中 webpack 配置过程中所产生的各种问题和相关解决方法。 该模块主要包含 templates 和 assets 两部分配置,assets 部分配置是重点。
templates 模块配置
该模块主要参考 superset 内容,里面有两个文件,一个 appbuilder, 一个是自定义的模块bog,该文件名称和文章前面 __init__.py 中 apppbuilder 中 base_template 配置相同。
assets 模块配置(容易出错的地方)
以下操作在文件目录 assets 下执行
生成 package.json 文件
第一次进入assets目录下改文件夹内容是空的我们按照下面过程操作
-
执行 npm init 命令 一直回车生成 package.json 文件
-
编辑 package.json 文件内容,这时文件目录如下所示
-
执行 npm install 安装 node_modules 模块
以上执行完成后该文件夹内容如下所示
36-8.pngassets目录下新增 src、images 和 stylesheets目录
- src 目录中主要存放 react 编写的 js 文件,这里我把 superset 中 welcome 模块修改了部分内容后直接使用
- stylesheets 存放的是项目中需要使用的 css less样式,这里我也套用 superset 模块内容
- images 存放是项目中使用的图片
创建并配置 webpack.config.js
webpack 各个参数配置和说明可以参考中文文档
在我们创建并配置好 webpack.config.js 后,当前文件目录如下所示
36-9.png1、 以上配置完成后我尝试的运行了下打包命令 npm run dev,第一个错误出现
36-10.png该错误提示比较明显,提示我们缺少一个 tsconfig 文件,因此我们新增加了一个 tsconfig.config 文件内容参考 superset 配置,修改后的文件目录如下所示
36-11.png2、 我又尝试的运行了下打包命令 npm run dev ,第二个错误出现
36-12.png从错误里面看到好像和 babel-core 有关,于是我找到下面这篇文章, 从该文章我知道 babel、babel-loader 版本需要和 webpack 对应,于是我将这三个模块都回退到了7执行以下命令
npm install -D babel-loader@7 babel-core babel-preset-env webpack
3、我又尝试的运行了下打包命令 npm run dev ,第三个错误出现
36-13.png这次错误倒是少了提示 babel-loader 失败,从字面理解应该是 babel 模块加载失败,但是从这里很难找到问题,于是我又查找了一通,终于从发下了下面这篇文章 webpack配置 babel,从这篇文章我突然发现我少了一个 .babelrc 文件,于是我又查看了 superset 果然有这个文件,于是我又参考了它配置了一个如下
{
"presets": ["react", "env", "airbnb"],
"plugins": ["lodash", "syntax-dynamic-import", "react-hot-loader/babel"],
"env": {
"test": {
"plugins": [
"babel-plugin-dynamic-import-node"
]
}
}
}
4、我又尝试的运行了下打包命令 npm run dev ,第四个错误出现
36-14.png这个错误还是比较明显的提示我们 aribnb 没有找到,回到package.json 中发现我配置的是 babel-preset-airbnb,修改presets内容后再次运行
36-15.png终于在经过上面n多次修改后,我的项目终于编译成功!附上该模块最终目录截图
36-16.png小结
事后我又直接找到 babel 中文网,发现原来Babel 是一个工具链主要用于语法转换的,它的核心库包含 babel-core、babel-cli、babel-preset-env和babel-polyfill等,关于他的一些配置事项该网站中都有介绍,如果我早查看该文章可能会少走些弯路。总的来说过程是痛苦的但是结果是好的
以上内容参考以下文章
webpack.config.js 文件内容:
const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin;
const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');
const OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin');
const SpeedMeasurePlugin = require('speed-measure-webpack-plugin');
const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin');
const WebpackAssetsManifest = require('webpack-assets-manifest');
const ForkTsCheckerWebpackPlugin = require('fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin');
// Parse command-line arguments
const parsedArgs = require('minimist')(process.argv.slice(2));
// input dir
const APP_DIR = path.resolve(__dirname, './');
// output dir
const BUILD_DIR = path.resolve(__dirname, './dist');
const {
mode = 'development',
devPort = 9000,
proPort = 8088,
measure = false,
analyzeBundle = false,
} = parsedArgs;
const isDevMode = mode !== 'production';
const plugins = [
// creates a manifest.json mapping of name to hashed output used in template files
new WebpackAssetsManifest({
publicPath: true,
entrypoints: true,
writeToDisk: isDevMode,
}),
// create fresh dist/ upon build
new CleanWebpackPlugin(['dist']),
// expose mode variable to other modules
new webpack.DefinePlugin({
'process.env.WEBPACK_MODE': JSON.stringify(mode),
}),
// runs type checking on a separate process to speed up the build
new ForkTsCheckerWebpackPlugin({
checkSyntacticErrors: true,
}),
];
if (isDevMode) {
// Enable hot module replacement
plugins.push(new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin());
} else {
// text loading (webpack 4+)
plugins.push(new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
filename: '[name].[chunkhash].entry.css',
chunkFilename: '[name].[chunkhash].chunk.css',
}));
plugins.push(new OptimizeCSSAssetsPlugin());
}
const output = {
path: BUILD_DIR,
publicPath: '/static/assets/dist/', // necessary for lazy-loaded chunks
};
if (isDevMode) {
output.filename = '[name].[hash:8].entry.js';
output.chunkFilename = '[name].[hash:8].chunk.js';
} else {
output.filename = '[name].[chunkhash].entry.js';
output.chunkFilename = '[name].[chunkhash].chunk.js';
}
const PREAMBLE = [
'babel-polyfill',
path.join(APP_DIR, '/src/preamble.js'),
];
function addPreamble(entry) {
return PREAMBLE.concat([path.join(APP_DIR, entry)]);
}
const config = {
node: {
fs: 'empty',
},
entry: {
theme: path.join(APP_DIR, '/src/theme.js'),
preamble: PREAMBLE,
welcome: addPreamble('/src/welcome/index.jsx'),
},
output,
optimization: {
splitChunks: {
chunks: 'all',
automaticNameDelimiter: '-',
minChunks: 2,
cacheGroups: {
default: false,
major: {
name: 'vendors-major',
test: /[\\/]node_modules\/(brace|react[-]dom|core[-]js)[\\/]/,
}
}
}
},
resolve: {
alias: {
src: path.resolve(APP_DIR, './src'),
},
extensions: ['.ts', '.tsx', '.js', '.jsx'],
},
context: APP_DIR, // to automatically find tsconfig.json
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.jsx?$/,
exclude: /node_modules/,
include: APP_DIR,
loader: 'babel-loader',
},
{
test: /\.css$/,
include: APP_DIR,
use: [
isDevMode ? 'style-loader' : MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
'css-loader',
],
},
{
test: /\.less$/,
include: APP_DIR,
use: [
isDevMode ? 'style-loader' : MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
'css-loader',
'less-loader',
],
},
/* for css linking images */
{
test: /\.png$/,
loader: 'url-loader',
options: {
limit: 10000,
name: '[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
},
},
{
test: /\.(jpg|gif)$/,
loader: 'file-loader',
options: {
name: '[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
},
},
/* for font-awesome */
{
test: /\.woff(2)?(\?v=[0-9]\.[0-9]\.[0-9])?$/,
loader: 'url-loader?limit=10000&mimetype=application/font-woff',
},
{
test: /\.(ttf|eot|svg)(\?v=[0-9]\.[0-9]\.[0-9])?$/,
loader: 'file-loader',
},
],
},
externals: {
cheerio: 'window',
'react/lib/ExecutionEnvironment': true,
'react/lib/ReactContext': true,
},
plugins,
devtool: isDevMode ? 'cheap-module-eval-source-map' : false,
devServer: {
historyApiFallback: true,
hot: true,
index: '', // This line is needed to enable root proxying
inline: true,
stats: { colors: true },
overlay: true,
port: devPort,
// Only serves bundled files from webpack-dev-server
// and proxy everything else to backend
proxy: {
context: () => true,
'/': `http://localhost:${proPort}`,
target: `http://localhost:${proPort}`,
},
contentBase: path.join(process.cwd(), '../static/assets/dist'),
},
};
if (!isDevMode) {
config.optimization.minimizer = [
new TerserPlugin({
cache: '.terser-plugin-cache/',
parallel: true,
extractComments: true,
}),
];
}
// Bundle analyzer is disabled by default
// Pass flag --analyzeBundle=true to enable
// e.g. npm run build -- --analyzeBundle=true
if (analyzeBundle) {
config.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin());
}
// Speed measurement is disabled by default
// Pass flag --measure=true to enable
// e.g. npm run build -- --measure=true
const smp = new SpeedMeasurePlugin({
disable: !measure,
});
module.exports = smp.wrap(config);
package.json 文件内容:
{
"name": "ddblog",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "",
"main": "index.js",
"scripts": {
"dev": "webpack --mode=development --colors --progress --debug --watch",
"dev-server": "webpack-dev-server --mode=development --progress",
"build": "NODE_ENV=production webpack --mode=production --colors --progress"
},
"keywords": [
"blog",
"python",
"react"
],
"author": "wushenchao",
"license": "MIT",
"dependencies": {
"abortcontroller-polyfill": "^1.1.9",
"bootstrap": "^3.3.6",
"bootstrap-slider": "^10.0.0",
"jquery": "3.4.1",
"lodash": "^4.17.11",
"moment": "^2.20.1",
"prop-types": "^15.6.0",
"postcss": "6.0.20",
"react": "^16.4.1",
"react-ace": "^5.10.0",
"react-addons-shallow-compare": "^15.4.2",
"react-bootstrap": "^0.31.5",
"react-bootstrap-slider": "2.1.5",
"react-bootstrap-table": "^4.3.1",
"react-hot-loader": "^4.3.6",
"react-dom": "^16.4.1",
"react-redux": "^5.0.2",
"reactable": "1.0.2",
"redux": "^3.5.2",
"redux-localstorage": "^0.4.1",
"redux-thunk": "^2.1.0",
"redux-undo": "^1.0.0-beta9-9-7",
"shortid": "^2.2.6"
},
"devDependencies": {
"babel-cli": "^6.26.0",
"babel-core": "^6.10.4",
"babel-eslint": "^8.2.2",
"babel-jest": "^25.0.0",
"babel-loader": "^7.1.4",
"babel-plugin-css-modules-transform": "^1.1.0",
"babel-plugin-dynamic-import-node": "^1.2.0",
"babel-plugin-lodash": "^3.3.4",
"babel-plugin-syntax-dynamic-import": "^6.18.0",
"babel-polyfill": "^6.23.0",
"babel-preset-airbnb": "^2.1.1",
"babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0",
"cache-loader": "^1.2.2",
"clean-webpack-plugin": "^0.1.19",
"css-loader": "^1.0.0",
"enzyme": "^3.3.0",
"enzyme-adapter-react-16": "^1.1.1",
"exports-loader": "^0.7.0",
"fetch-mock": "^7.0.0-alpha.6",
"file-loader": "^1.1.11",
"fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin": "^1.5.0",
"ignore-styles": "^5.0.1",
"imports-loader": "^0.7.1",
"less": "^3.10.0",
"less-loader": "^4.1.0",
"mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.4.0",
"minimist": "^1.2.0",
"optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin": "^5.0.1",
"speed-measure-webpack-plugin": "^1.2.3",
"style-loader": "^0.21.0",
"transform-loader": "^0.2.3",
"ts-loader": "^5.2.0",
"typescript": "^3.1.3",
"url-loader": "^1.0.1",
"webpack": "^4.19.0",
"webpack-assets-manifest": "^3.0.1",
"webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^3.0.2",
"webpack-cli": "^3.1.1",
"webpack-dev-server": "^3.1.7",
"webpack-sources": "^1.1.0"
}
}
requirements.txt 文件内容:
Babel==2.6.0
bleach==3.0.2
celery==4.2.0
fake-useragent==0.1.11
Flask==1.1.0
Flask-AppBuilder==2.1.13
Flask-Babel==0.11.1
Flask-Caching==1.4.0
Flask-Compress==1.4.0
Flask-Login==0.4.1
Flask-Migrate==2.5.0
Flask-Moment==0.9.0
Flask-OpenID==1.2.5
Flask-Script==2.0.6
Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.4.0
Flask-WTF==0.14.2
flower==0.9.2
future==0.16.0
numpy==1.15.2
pandas==0.23.4
requests==2.21.0
selenium==3.141.0
simplejson==3.15.0
six==1.11.0
SQLAlchemy==1.2.2
SQLAlchemy-Utils==0.32.21
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