这里的代码并不是最新的，请到https://github.com/derekhe/bike-crawler获取最新代码

该爬虫为单车地图的Python演示代码，具备以下功能：

• 支持ofo和摩拜
• 多线程爬取
• 自动去重
• 按照ofo和摩拜输出对应的csv文件，存放在db/【日期】/【日期】-【时间】-【品牌】.csv文件内

运行环境：

• Python3

运行前请联系微信bcdata获取token，内置的token为演示用，单车位置是真实的，ID是随机的。

运行：

pip3 install -r requirements.txt
python3 crawler.py

这里的代码并不是最新的，请到https://github.com/derekhe/bike-crawler获取最新代码

import datetime
import json
import os
import os.path
import sqlite3
import threading
import time
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import requests


class Crawler:
    def __init__(self):
        self.start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
        self.csv_path = "./db/" + datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d")
        os.makedirs(self.csv_path, exist_ok=True)
        self.csv_name = self.csv_path + "/" + datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")
        self.db_name = "./temp.db"
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.total = 0
        self.done = 0
        self.bikes_count = 0

    def get_nearby_bikes(self, args):
        try:
            url = "http://www.dancheditu.com:3000/bikes?lat=%s&lng=%s&cityid=%s&token=%s" % (args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3])

            headers = {
                'charset': "utf-8",
                'platform': "4",
                'content-type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
                'user-agent': "MicroMessenger/6.5.4.1000 NetType/WIFI Language/zh_CN",
                'host': "mwx.mobike.com",
                'connection': "Keep-Alive",
                'accept-encoding': "gzip",
                'cache-control': "no-cache"
            }

            self.request(headers, args, url)
        except Exception as ex:
            print(ex)

    def request(self, headers, args, url):
        response = requests.request(
            "GET", url, headers=headers,
            timeout=30, verify=False
        )

        with self.lock:
            with sqlite3.connect(self.db_name) as c:
                try:
                    decoded = json.loads(response.text)['msg']
                    self.done += 1
                    for x in decoded:
                        self.bikes_count += 1
                        if x['brand'] == 'ofo':
                            c.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO ofo VALUES (%d,'%s',%f,%f)" % (
                                int(time.time()) * 1000, x['id'], x['lat'], x['lng']))
                        else:
                            c.execute("INSERT OR IGNORE INTO mobike VALUES (%d,'%s',%f,%f)" % (
                                int(time.time()) * 1000, x['id'], x['lat'], x['lng']))

                    timespent = datetime.datetime.now() - self.start_time
                    percent = self.done / self.total
                    total = timespent / percent
                    print("位置 %s, 单车数量 %s, 进度 %0.2f%%, 速度 %0.2f个/分钟, 总时间 %s, 剩余时间 %s" % (
                        args, self.bikes_count, percent * 100, self.done / timespent.total_seconds() * 60, total, total - timespent))
                except Exception as ex:
                    print(ex)

    def start(self, config):
        if os.path.isfile(self.db_name):
            os.remove(self.db_name)

        try:
            with sqlite3.connect(self.db_name) as c:
                c.execute(self.generate_create_table_sql('ofo'))
                c.execute(self.generate_create_table_sql('mobike'))
        except Exception as ex:
            print(ex)
            pass

        executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=config['workers'])
        print("Start")

        self.total = 0
        lat_range = np.arange(config['top_lat'], config['bottom_lat'], -config['offset'])
        for lat in lat_range:
            lng_range = np.arange(config['left_lng'], config['right_lng'], config['offset'])
            for lon in lng_range:
                self.total += 1
                executor.submit(self.get_nearby_bikes, (lat, lon, config['cityid'], config['token']))

        executor.shutdown()
        self.group_data()

    def generate_create_table_sql(self, brand):
        return '''CREATE TABLE {0}
                (
                    "Time" DATETIME,
                    "bikeId" VARCHAR(12),
                    lat DOUBLE,
                    lon DOUBLE,
                    CONSTRAINT "{0}_bikeId_lat_lon_pk"
                        PRIMARY KEY (bikeId, lat, lon)
                );'''.format(brand)

    def group_data(self):
        print("正在导出数据")
        conn = sqlite3.connect(self.db_name)

        self.export_to_csv(conn, "mobike")
        self.export_to_csv(conn, "ofo")

    def export_to_csv(self, conn, brand):
        df = pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM %s" % brand, conn, parse_dates=True)
        df['Time'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Time'], unit='ms').dt.tz_localize('UTC').dt.tz_convert('Asia/Chongqing')
        df.to_csv(self.csv_name + "-" + brand + ".csv", header=False, index=False)


# 配置
# 经纬度请用百度拾取工具拾取，http://api.map.baidu.com/lbsapi/getpoint/
config = {
    # 左边经度
    "left_lng": 103.9213455517,
    # 上边维度
    "top_lat": 30.7828453209,
    # 右边经度
    "right_lng": 104.2178123382,
    # 右边维度
    "bottom_lat": 30.4781772402,
    # 平移量，用于遍历整个区域的最小间隔，请自行调整，必要时可以参考www.dancheditu.com
    # 参数过小则抓取太过于密集，导致重复数据过多
    # 参数过大则抓取太过于稀疏，会漏掉一些数据
    "offset": 0.02,
    # 城市id，请参考http://www.dancheditu.com/的FAQ
    "cityid": 75,
    # 线程数，请合理利用资源，线程数请不要过大，过大服务器会返回错误
    "workers": 20,
    # token，请加微信bcdata付费获取，demo只能提供单车的真实位置，但是id号是随机的
    "token": "demo"
}

Crawler().start(config)
print("完成")