美文网首页
Swift基础篇——函数

Swift基础篇——函数

作者: 沫简影 | 来源:发表于2016-11-29 22:44 被阅读15次
    • 函数的基本的创建方法及使用
    //函数的声明
    //有返回值,有参数
    func sayHello(name:String?,greenting:String) -> String
    {
        let result = greenting + (name ?? "Guest")+"!"
        return result
    }
    
    //有返回值、无参数
    func sayWelcome() -> String
    {
        return "welcome"
    }
    
    //无返回值
    func endConversation()
    {
        print("#the contversion is over#")
    }
    
    func endConversation1() -> Void
    {
        print("#the contversion is over#")
    }
    
    func endConversation2() -> ()
    {
        print("#the contversion is over#")
    }
    
    //函数的调用
    var nickName : String?
    nickName = "Nick"
    print( sayHello(name: nickName, greenting: "Good morning"))
    print( sayWelcome() )
    
    • 有多个返回值的函数
    //使用元组让函数返回多个值
    func maxminScore ( scores:[Int] ) -> (maxScore:Int,minScore:Int)?
    {
        if scores.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        var curMax = scores[0], curMin = scores[0]
        for score in scores[1..<scores.count]{
            curMax = max(curMax,score)
            curMin = min(curMin,score)
        }
        return(curMax,curMin)
    }
    var userScores:[Int]? = [12,220,573,35489,249]
    userScores = userScores ?? []
    if let result = maxminScore(scores: userScores!){
        print("This maximum user score is:\(result.maxScore)")
        print("This maximum user score is:\(result.minScore)")
    }
    
    • 有默认参数值的函数
    //参数的默认值
    func sayHai(name:String?,  greenting:String = "hello" ,other:String = "how do you do") -> String
    {
        let result = greenting + (name ?? "Guest")+"!"+other
        return result
    }
    
    sayHai(name: "bobobo", greenting: "hi")
    sayHai(name: "nihao")
    sayHai(name: "nihao",other:"how are you")
    
    • 参数可变的函数
      一个函数最多只能设置一个可变参数,并且这个可变的参数必须放在整个函数的参数列表的最后的位置;
      正常来说函数的参数列表应该为:必须的参数,具有默认值的参数,可变的参数
    //参数可变的函数
    func add(a:Int,b:Int,others:Int ...) -> Int
    {
        var result = a+b
        for number in others
        {
            result += number
        }
        return result
    }
    var res = add(a: 2 , b: 3)
    res = add(a: 2, b: 3, others: 4, 5)
    
    • 函数的参数类型
    • 常量参数
      swift函数中的参数,默认是不可修改的,这类参数为常量参数
    • 变量参数(在swift 3中不被允许)
      不管是字典还是数组等类型的参数,在swift的函数中被改变后,传入的参数本身是不会发生变化的,即参数的传递都是值传递;
      在swift 3 中要想使用并改变传入的参数,只能用下面的办法,如:
    func toBinary( num:Int) -> String
    {
        var num = num
        var result:String = ""
        while num != 0 {
          
            result = String( num % 2) + result
            num /= 2
        }
        return result
    }
    
     var num = 5
    
    toBinary(num: num)
    
    num //结果还是5
    
    • inout 参数
      要想通过函数彻底改变传入的参数的值,需要将参数类型声明为inout类型,如:
    func swapTwoInts( a:inout Int ,b:inout Int)
    {
      let t = a
      a = b
      b = t
    }
    var x = 0, y = 100
    swapTwoInts(a: &x, b: &y)
    x // 100
    y //0
    
    • 函数类型
      即函数同时也是一种参数,可以存在一个变量中,其主要应用:

    • 将一个函数作为一个参数传递到另外一个函数中

    func add( a:Int,b:Int) -> Int
    {
    return a+b
    }
    let anotherAdd = add
    anotherAdd(3,4)
    let anotheradd1:(Int,Int)->Int
    let anotherSayhello:(String)->()
    func changeScores(op:(Int)->Int, scores:inout [Int]){
    for i in 0..<scores.count{
    scores[i] = op(scores[i])
    }
    }
    func op1(x:Int)->Int{
    return Int(sqrt(Double(x))*10)
    }
    var scores = [34,34,67,89,90]
    changeScores(op: op1, scores: &scores)
    scores
    var arr = Int
    for _ in 1...20{
    arr.append(Int(arc4random()%100))
    }
    //sorted 函数默认是升序排序
    arr.sorted()
    func compareTwoInts(a:Int,b:Int)->Bool
    {
    return a>b
    }
    //降序排序
    arr.sorted(by: compareTwoInts)
    var strArr = ["d","c","df","hdjkfs","dhfj","i"]
    strArr.sorted()
    func compareTwoString(s1:String,s2:String)->(Bool)
    {
    return s1.characters.count < s2.characters.count
    }
    //按字符串长度排序
    strArr.sorted(by: compareTwoString)

    - 将函数作为返回值返回
    主要意义在于解耦,提高代码易读性和易维护性
    
    

    func tierlMailTee(weight:Int)->Int{
    return 1weight
    }
    func tier2MailTree(weight:Int)->Int{
    return 2
    weight
    }
    func totalPrice(price:Int,weight:Int) -> Int
    {
    func chooseMailFeeCalcmethod(weight:Int) -> (Int)->Int
    {
    return weight <= 10 ?tierlMailTee : tier2MailTree
    }
    let mailFeeCalc:(Int)->Int = chooseMailFeeCalcmethod(weight: weight)
    return mailFeeCalc(weight) + price*weight
    }

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:Swift基础篇——函数

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/zfvlpttx.html