方法汇总:

• 从数组尾部删除:pop()
• 从数组头部删除: shift()
• 按指定索引删除:splice()
• 用 splice()删除数组中的特定值

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pop() 从Array 尾部删除元素

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
numbers.pop(); // returns 5
console.log(numbers); // [1,2,3,4]

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shift() 从Array 头部删除元素

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
numbers.shift(); // returns 1
console.log(numbers); // [2,3,4,5]

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splice() 按索引删除元素

splice(start, deleteCount) 方法中 start 表示要删除的元素的索引, deleteCount 表示要删除的元素的数量.

// Remove two elements from the second element of the array
var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
removed_nums = numbers.splice(1,2);  //[2,3]
console.log(numbers); // [1,4,5];

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用 splice() 删除数组中的特定值

简单的删除特定整数的例子

// Simple Example to remove a specific integer element from the array
var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
for(var i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++){
  if( numbers[i] == 6){
    numbers.splice(i,1);
  }
}
// numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,7,8]

稍微复杂一点，自定义条件，删除 Object 类型元素的例子

//  balls = [ball, ball, ball, ball, ball, blackhole]
//  遍历 balls 的数组, 如果 ball 碰到 BlackHole，则 ball 被移除
for (const [index, ball] of balls.entries()) {
         if (!(this === ball)) {
            const dx = this.x - ball.x;
            const dy = this.y - ball.y;
            const distance = Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
            if (distance < this.size + ball.size) {
               if(this.name === "BlackHole"){
                  balls.splice(index,1);
               }
            }
         }
}

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参考资料

从JavaScript数组中移除元素的几种方法
Array.prototype.splice()
How to get the index from for-of loop with JavaScript