状语，在句子中用来修饰实义动词，形容词，副词或者整个句子的成分。

成分：

1.副词：She smiles sweetly
2.副词短语：I tried again and again
3.介词短语：He runs fast like a lion，flowers grow well in moist places
4.分词：He leaves，** laughing**
5.从句：I will return the pen as soon as I have finished using it

位置：状语的位置灵活，可以位于句子中很多地方，但是一般放在句首或者句末较多，如果在句子开头，一般逗号隔开。

In Hainan，I am having a great time
I am having a great time in Hainan

状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子，可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等从句。

状语从句时态

1.当主句过去时，从句也过去完成时态

Before I went home， my mom had already slept

2.当主句表示将来时候，从句一般现在时

I will treat you to dinner if I passed the exam

当主句用将来完成时，从句现在完成时

As soon as I have finished the work， I will have gong home.

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九大从句

1.时间状语从句

普通引导词：when， as ，while，once，as soon as，before， until， after， since，not ... until，till

名词性短语：the moment，everytime，the day，the instant

副词：immediately，directly，no sonner...than，hardly...when

1.When the teacher comes in， we are chatting loudly
2.They hardly arrived at the bus stop when the bus started to leave

3. No sooner had I begun to take a shower than the water was unavailable
4. When I was alone， I love to go jogging
5. I will wait here until you come

2.地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever，anywhere，everywhere

注意区别where引导的状语从句和定语从句
定语从句有先行词
This is the place where I found you
状语从句没有
I found my phone where I lost it. where 修饰find
The man made a mark where he lost his sword （状语从句）
The man made a mark at the place where he lost his sword（定语从句）

3.原因状语从句

常用引导词：because，since，as，for
特殊引导词：seeing that，now that，in that， considering that，given that，as much as，so much as等

Because he was careless， he lost a pen yesterday

注意

表示原因的两个词，due to 和owing to，due to一般位语句末，owing to 一般位于句首
Owing to his help，the meeting goes smoothly
The meeting goes smoothly due to his help

4、5.目的/结果状语从句

常用引导词：so that， so....that, such ... that, in order to/that等
I am determined to take part in the examination of postgraduates in order to have a brighter future
The movie was so boring that I gave up watching it halfway through
We went to the country that we were away from the big city.
Liu was so nice that we all like her
It was such a terrible show that none of us like it

6. 条件状语从句

常用引导词：if，unless，
特殊引导词：as/so long as，only if，providing / provided that，supposing that，in case that， on condition that

I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope
We will leave at 5 in case that we are late for the show

7.让步状语从句

常用引导词：though，although，even if，even though
特殊引导词：as，while，no matter，in spite of the fact that，whatever，whoever，whenever，howerver
Although/though he failed many times， he never gives up
As automatic machines have many advantages，they can only do the jobs they have been told to do
Pollution becomes increasingly serious although a sea of adults fail to realize it

8.方式状语

常用引导词：as，as if，as though
特殊引导词：the way
She talks with me as she were my mother

9.比较状语从句

常用引导词：as，than等
特殊引导词：the more.. the more, more than, more...than..., not so much ..as，as...as
The youth of today are better off than we used to be
Sheis not so energetic as used to be
The results of this experiment are better than that of the last one
Her English is as good as mine

The higher one climbs, the farther he will look
The more quickly authorities take measures, the more effectively the issue will be resolved
He is more than a teacher. In fact, he is also a poet.
I have more than 10 apples
He is more a teacher than a singer

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分词作状语
If winter comes, spring will arrive soon
Winter coming, spring will arrive soon

When I was a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up.
Being a little girl, I was especially eager to grow up 分词作状语

After the job was finished, we went home respectively
The job finished, we went home respectively

Because I was fat, I feel good
Being fat， I feel good 分词作状语

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As 专题

1. as+名词（短语）
   As a result，the support for ambitions as a healthy impusle，a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young（插入语/同位语），is probably lower than it has ever been in the US

2. 动词+....+as
   define ...as, regard ....as,view....as etc
   I defined him as a boy

3. as引导定语从句
   as 引导的定语从句可放在句首，但是which不可以
   As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country
   This is the same pen as I used last night

参考《不就是语法和长难句吗》和《英语分解语法大全》