When you pluck the guitar, you will produce vibrations called standing wave, which consists of nodes(don't move at all) and anti-nodes(vibrate back and forth). This vibration translates through the neck and bridge of the guitar to the guitar's body, where thin and flexible woods vibrate, where the thin and flexible wood vibrates, jostling the surrounding air molecules together and apart. These sequential compressions create sound waves, mostly escaping from the hole of the guitar eventually propagate to your ear which translate them into electrical impulses while your brain interpret them into sounds. The pitch sound depends on the frequency. The quicker the vibration, the closer the compression, and the higher the pitch sound. Four factors determine the frequency: length, tension, density, thickness. On a normally functioning guitar, strings have the same length and similar tension but vary in thickness and density, hence making a group of different notes.
Electrical guitar, unlike tradition wood guitar, vibrates in the strings and translates into electrical signals by pickups. After some sound process, eventually translates to speakers creating sound waves.
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