作者:蜗牛me
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37592397/article/details/78695318
在处理图像数据的时候总会遇到输入图像的维数不符合的情况,此时tensorflow中reshape()就很好的解决了这个问题。
更为详细的可以参考官方文档说明:
numpy.reshape
reshape()的括号中所包含的参数有哪些呢?常见的写法有tf.reshape((28,28)):
tf.reshape(tensor,shape,name=None)
实际操作中,有如下效果:我创建了一个一维的数组
>>>import numpy as np
>>>a= np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
>>>a
array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
>>>
使用reshape()方法来更改数组的形状,使得数组成为一个二维的数组:(数组中元素的个数是2×4=8)
>>>d = a.reshape((2,4))
>>>d
array([[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8]])
进一步提升,可以得到一个三维的数组f:(注意数组中元素的个数时2×2×2=8)
>>>f = a.reshape((2,2,2))
>>>f
array([[[1, 2],
[3, 4]],
[[5, 6],
[7, 8]]])
注意:形状发生变化的原则时数组元素的个数是不能发生改变的,比如像下面这样的写法就会报错:
(元素的个数是2×2=4,所以会报错)
>>> e = a.shape((2,2))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object is not callable
-1 的应用:-1 表示不知道该填什么数字合适的情况下,可以选择,由python通过a和其他的值3推测出来,比如,这里的a 是二维的数组,数组中共有6个元素,当使用reshape()时,6/3=2,所以形成的是3行2列的二维数组,可以看出,利用reshape进行数组形状的转换时,一定要满足(x,y)中x×y=数组的个数
>>>a = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
>>>np.reshape(a,(3,-1))
array([[1, 2],
[3, 4],
[5, 6]])
>>> np.reshape(a,(1,-1))
array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]])
>>> np.reshape(a,(6,-1))
array([[1],
[2],
[3],
[4],
[5],
[6]])
>>> np.reshape(a,(-1,1))
array([[1],
[2],
[3],
[4],
[5],
[6]])
下面是两张2×3大小的图片(不知道有几张图片可以用-1代替),如何把所有二维照片给转换成一维的,请看以下三维的数组:
>>>image = np.array([[[1,2,3], [4,5,6]], [[1,1,1], [1,1,1]]])
>>>image.shape
(2,2,3)
>>>image.reshape((-1,6))
array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
>>> a = image.reshape((-1,6))
>>> a.reshape((-1,12))
array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
a.reshape((12,-1))
array([[1],
[2],
[3],
[4],
[5],
[6],
[1],
[1],
[1],
[1],
[1],
[1]])
>>> a.reshape([-1])
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
通过reshape生成的新的形状的数组和原始数组共用一个内存,所以一旦更改一个数组的元素,另一个数组也将会发生改变。
>>>a[1] = 100
>>>a
array([ 1, 100, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
>>> d
array([[ 1, 100, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8]])
最后再给大家呈现一下官方给出的例子:
# tensor 't' is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
# tensor 't' has shape [9]
reshape(t, [3, 3]) ==> [[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]]
# tensor 't' is [[[1, 1], [2, 2]],
# [[3, 3], [4, 4]]]
# tensor 't' has shape [2, 2, 2]
reshape(t, [2, 4]) ==> [[1, 1, 2, 2],
[3, 3, 4, 4]]
# tensor 't' is [[[1, 1, 1],
# [2, 2, 2]],
# [[3, 3, 3],
# [4, 4, 4]],
# [[5, 5, 5],
# [6, 6, 6]]]
# tensor 't' has shape [3, 2, 3]
# pass '[-1]' to flatten 't'
reshape(t, [-1]) ==> [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6]
# -1 can also be used to infer the shape
# -1 is inferred to be 9:
reshape(t, [2, -1]) ==> [[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3],
[4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6]]
# -1 is inferred to be 2:
reshape(t, [-1, 9]) ==> [[1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3],
[4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6]]
# -1 is inferred to be 3:
reshape(t, [ 2, -1, 3]) ==> [[[1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2],
[3, 3, 3]],
[[4, 4, 4],
[5, 5, 5],
[6, 6, 6]]]
# tensor 't' is [7]
# shape `[]` reshapes to a scalar
reshape(t, []) ==> 7
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