为什么要定义中间件，定义中间件有什么好处？
1、定义一个中间件
执行一下命令定义中间件，在我们的项目中就产生一个中间件，如下图
php artisan make:middleware Log
在中间件中记录请求的路由地址
<?php
namespace App\Http\Middleware;
use Closure;
class Log
{
/**
* Handle an incoming request.
*
* @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
* @param \Closure $next
* @return mixed
*/
public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
\Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log::info('log', [$request->fullUrl()]);
return $next($request);
}
}
2、注册一个中间
项目中所有的中间件都在F:\web\learnLaravel\app\Http\Kernel.php中，我们要注册一个中间件，只需要将我们的中间件注入即可
<?php
namespace App\Http;
use App\Http\Middleware\Log;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;
class Kernel extends HttpKernel
{
/**
* The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
*
* These middleware are run during every request to your application.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middleware = [
\App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode::class,
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
\Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
];
/**
* The application's route middleware groups.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middlewareGroups = [
'web' => [
\App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
\Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
// \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
\Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
\Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
],
'api' => [
'throttle:60,1',
'bindings',
],
];
/**
* The application's route middleware.
*
* These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $routeMiddleware = [
'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
'bindings' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
'log' => Log::class,//我们定义的写请求日志的中间件
];
/**
* The priority-sorted list of middleware.
*
* This forces non-global middleware to always be in the given order.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $middlewarePriority = [
\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
\Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
\App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
\Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
\Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
\Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
\Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
];
}
我们将我们的中间件放入$routeMiddleware数组当中，我们注册了一个中间件
3、如何使用一个中间件
修改我们的路由
Route::get('/', 'IndexController@index');
Route::get('/register', 'IndexController@register')->name('register');
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+')->middleware('log');
Route::group(['middleware' => ['auth'], 'prefix' => 'group/prefix'], function () {
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+');
});
我们在这个路由上添加中间件
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+')->middleware('log');
访问一下http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/1，打开我们的工程，会在日志目录下生成一条日志，如下图所示
image.png
4、路由分组增加中间件
调整我们的路由如下
Route::get('/', 'IndexController@index');
Route::get('/register', 'IndexController@register')->name('register');
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+');
Route::group(['middleware' => ['log'], 'prefix' => 'group/prefix'], function () {
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+');
});
我们给路由组增加了log中间件
Route::group(['middleware' => ['log'], 'prefix' => 'group/prefix'], function () {
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+');
});
我们访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/group/prefix/user/1，就会在我们日志中记录我们访问的路由地址
image.png
5、整个路由文件增加中间件
F:\web\learnLaravel\app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php文件定义了我们所有的路由
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\RouteServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* This namespace is applied to your controller routes.
*
* In addition, it is set as the URL generator's root namespace.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $namespace = 'App\Http\Controllers\Web';
/**
* Define your route model bindings, pattern filters, etc.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot()
{
//
parent::boot();
}
/**
* Define the routes for the application.
*
* @return void
*/
public function map()
{
$this->mapApiRoutes();
$this->mapWebRoutes();
//
}
/**
* Define the "web" routes for the application.
*
* These routes all receive session state, CSRF protection, etc.
*
* @return void
*/
protected function mapWebRoutes()
{
Route::middleware('web')
->middleware('log')
->namespace($this->namespace)
->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));
}
/**
* Define the "api" routes for the application.
*
* These routes are typically stateless.
*
* @return void
*/
protected function mapApiRoutes()
{
Route::prefix('api')
->middleware('api')
->namespace($this->namespace)
->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));
}
}
我们在mapWebRoutes方法中，引入了中间件
protected function mapWebRoutes() { Route::middleware('web') ->middleware('log') ->namespace($this->namespace) ->group(base_path('routes/web.php')); }
更改我们的路由
Route::get('/', 'IndexController@index');
Route::get('/register', 'IndexController@register')->name('register');
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+');
Route::group(['prefix' => 'group/prefix'], function () {
Route::get('/user/{userId}', 'IndexController@getUseById')->where('userId', '[0-9]+');
});
那么我们访问web下面任何一个路由地址都会产生一条日志
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