The History of Philosophy|S01E70

Criticism-2

With this body of doctrine the people of Europe were ruled with hardly any resort to force; 

and they accepted this rule so readily that for a thousand years they contributed plentiful material support to their rulers, and asked no voice in the government. 

Nor was this acquiescence confined to the general population; 

acquiescence，默许

merchants and soldiers, feudal chieftains and civil powers all bent the knee to Rome. 

feudal chieftain，封建主

It was an aristocracy of no mean political sagacity; 

sagacity，睿智，精明

it built probably the most marvelous and powerful organization which the world has ever known.

The Jesuits who for a time ruled Paraguay were semi-Platonic guardians, a clerical oligarchy empowered by the possession of knowledge and skill in the midst of a barbarian population. 

And for a time the Communist Party which ruled Russia after the revolution of November, 1917, took a form strangely reminiscent of the Republic. 

They were a small minority, held together almost by religious conviction, wielding the weapons of orthodoxy and excommunication, as sternly devoted to their cause as any saint to his, and living a frugal existence while ruling half the soil of Europe. 

cause，事业

[ 00’42” ] doctrine (教条) 

[ 01’47” ] acquiescence (默许) 

[ 02’15” ] feudal chieftain (封建主) 

[ 02’20” ] civil power (基督教国家政权；世俗权力) 

[ 03’00” ] bend the knee to (臣服于) 

[ 03’29” ] no mean (表示强调) 

[ 04’25” ] empowered (获得授权的) 

[ 05’34” ] reminiscent (怀旧的；怀念的) 

[ 06’15” ] orthodoxy (权威的，这里指马列主义) 

[ 06’29” ] wield (挥舞) 

[ 06’35” ] Orthodoxy (东正教) 

[ 07’54” ] excommunication (割除教籍；开除党籍) 

[ 08’38” ] baptism (洗礼) 

[ 11’49” ] sternly (严厉地；坚决地) 

[ 12’08” ] frugal (节俭的)