2020年第45周总结｜外刊词汇

2020年第45周总结｜外刊词汇

surge

If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.

剧增

️The Freedom Party's electoral support surged from just under 10 percent to nearly 17 percent.

自由党的选举支持率从只有不到10%剧增到近17%。

bring/get sth under control

得到控制，在控制中

️It took them two hours to bring/get the fire under control.

他们用了两个小时才控制住火势。

bring back up to

恢复到

️Then after deflation of 1% in year one, the central bank would aim for inflation of more than 2% in later years (inflation of 5% in year two, say) to bring prices back up to the target.

那么在第一年出现1%的通货紧缩后，央行在之后的几年中将设定超过2%的年通胀率（比如第二年通胀率为5%）从而使价格重新回到目标水平内。

pace of growth

增速，增长速度

️Economists say the pace of growth is likely to increase some in the second half of the year.

而经济学家表示增长步伐可能会在今年下半年增加。

️He added that China's development should not just be focused on the pace of growth, but also growth volume, and, more importantly, growth quality.

他指出，中国的发展既要看速度，也要看增量，更要看质量。

the depths

海底；深渊

️The ship sank slowly to the depths of the ocean.

那艘船慢慢沉入大洋深处。

out of the depths

走出低谷

contraction

收缩；缩小；缩短

️Cold causes contraction of the metal.

金属遇冷收缩。

️The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.

这块肌肉收缩使下臂抬起。

surpass

超过，优于，胜过

️His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.

他以0.01秒的优势打破了100米短跑的前世界纪录。

️The book's success has surpassed everyone's expectations.

这本书获得了出乎所有人意料的成功。

️The director has really surpassed himself (= done better than he has done before) with this new film.

这位导演凭借这部新电影实现了真正的自我超越。

catch up

达到同样质量（或水平）；赶上

️Will Western industry ever catch up with Japanese innovations?

西方国家的工业会赶上日本的创新吗？

️He was off school for a while and is finding it hard to catch up.

他休学了一段时间，现在发现要跟上很吃力。

widen

（使）变宽；（使）变多；（使）变大

️His eyes/smile widened.

他睁大了眼睛／大笑起来。

️Why not widen the discussion to include the Muslim and Jewish points of view?

为什么不扩大讨论的范围，把伊斯兰教和犹太教的观点也包括进来？

a new, second, etc. wave of sth

an activity that is happening again or is being repeated after a pause

新的一波／第二波（等等）

️A new wave of job losses is expected this year.

预计今年可能会出现新一波的失业高潮

set to

干劲十足地开始做；毅然开始

️If we all set to, we should be able to finish the job in a week.

如果我们都能认真干起来，就能在一星期内完成这项工作。

make up sth

组成，构成

️Car accident victims make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients.

车祸受伤者几乎占了医院病人的四分之一。

️The book is made up of a number of different articles.

这本书里汇集了多篇文章。

in high demand

需求旺盛的

️Well, these two commodities are selling quite well and in high demand these days.

这些产品进来销售得很好，需求量很大

️They were popular and in high demand, so the price shot up.

它们很受欢迎，需求量很大，所以价格飞涨。

ore

/ɔːr/

（含金属的）矿石，矿砂

️iron/copper ore

铁／铜矿石

nosedive

（价格等的）猛跌，骤降

️There was alarm in the markets when the dollar took a nosedive.

美元暴跌时，各种市场一片恐慌。

soften

If one thing softens the damaging effect of another thing, it makes the effect less severe.

使减弱

️There were also pledges to soften the impact of the subsidy cuts on the poorer regions.

也有保证要减轻消减给较贫困地区补贴所造成的冲击。

do little to

没有关系，没有作用

️Recent education and welfare reforms are broadly commendable, but do little to change the fundamentals.

虽然最近的教育及福利改革被大众所接受，但这对于基本问题没有任何改善。

️The motorcade raced to Parkland Memorial Hospital. But doctors could do little to save his life.

车队迅速把总统送至帕克兰纪念医院，但是医生说机会渺茫。

not…as much as

没有…那么多

️People are not spending as much as before.

大家现在花钱比以前节省。

️It's going okay. I'm not studying as much as I should be.

还不错。不过我并没有很努力地学习。

put/place a brake on

抑制；控制；制止

️The city has put the brakes on further spending.

市政府已经控制进一步的开支了。

elsewhere

在别处；去别处；到别处

️The report looks at economic growth in Europe and elsewhere.

这份报告研究了欧洲和其他地区的经济增长状况。

️They couldn't find what they wanted and decided to look elsewhere.

他们找不到他们想要的东西，就决定到别处去看看。

be dependent on

To be dependent on something or someone means to need them in order to succeed or be able to survive.

依靠的

️The local economy is overwhelmingly dependent on oil and gas extraction.

当地经济严重依赖石油和天然气提炼。

sth is dependent on sth

If one thing is dependent on another, the first thing will be affected or determined by the second.

取决于…的

️...companies whose earnings are largely dependent on the performance of the Chinese economy.

…盈利很大程度上取决于中国经济表现的公司。

see

If a period of time or a person sees a particular change or event, it takes place during that period of time or while that person is alive.

历经; 目睹

️Yesterday saw the resignation of the chief financial officer.

昨天，首席财政长官辞职了。

️He had worked with the general for three years and was sorry to see him go.

他与将军一起共事3年，看他离去很难过。

the affluent

富人

the 加形容词，指代一类人

️The diet of the affluent has not changed much over the decades.

富人的饮食数十年来没怎么变。

resume

（中断后）继续，重新开始

️Normal services will be resumed in the spring.

春天将恢复正常服务。

️[ + -ing verb ] He stopped to take a sip of water and then resumed speaking.

他停下来呷了一口水，然后继续发言。

️The talks are due to resume today.

会谈预定今天继续进行。

line up

If people line up or if you line them up, they move so that they are standing in a line.

将…排成队; 排队

️The senior leaders lined up behind him in orderly rows.

高级领导人有序地排列在他身后。

️The gym teachers lined us up against the cement walls.

体操老师们让我们靠水泥墙排成队。

make a trip to

去一趟…,去…旅行

️I'm making a trip to the dump tomorrow afternoon.

“明天下午我上垃圾场去一趟。

️Yes. I will make a trip to London next week.

是的，我下周要去伦敦旅行。

no less than

不少于

️There were no less than a thousand people there buying tickets.

至少有上千人在那里买票。

come in

to be received

收到，获得

️The election results should start coming insoon.

️The broadcast was coming in loud and clear.

trading

（股票、货币的）交易

️The stock market moved ahead slightly in active trading today.

今天，股市在活跃的交易中略有增长。

determine

If you determine to do something, you make a firm decision to do it.

下决心

️[ + that ] She determined that one day she would be an actor.

她决心将来当演员。

️[ + to infinitive ] On leaving jail, Joe determined to reform.

出狱后乔决心改过自新。

resort to sth

（别无办法的情况下）诉诸，依靠，采用

️I had to resort to violence/threats to get my money.

为了拿到我的钱，我被迫诉诸暴力／采取威胁的手段。

️[ + -ing verb ] When she didn't answer the phone, I resorted to calling up to her from the street.

她不接我的电话，我没有办法，只好站在街上对她大喊。

comprehensive

Something that is comprehensive includes everything that is needed or relevant.

全面的；综合的；包罗万象的；详尽的

️We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business.

我们向你提供这个行业各方面的综合培训。

️Is this list comprehensive or are there some names missing?

这份名单是完整的还是遗漏了一些名字？

️He has written a fully comprehensive guide to Rome.

他写了一本内容详尽的罗马旅游指南。

costly

If you say that something is costly, you mean that it costs a lot of money, often more than you would want to pay.

昂贵的，值钱的

️a costly item

一件昂贵的商品

️a costly purchase

花大价钱买来的东西

️The project was subject to several costly delays/setbacks.

该工程经历了几次代价昂贵的拖延／挫折。

mass

Mass is used to describe something which involves or affects a very large number of people.

大量的；大规模的；大批的

️mass starvation

饥荒成灾

️Opposition groups plan to stage mass demonstrations all over the country.

反对组织计划在全国发起大规模游行示威。

️mass testing

大规模测试

in response to

Your response to an event or to something that is said is your reply or reaction to it.

回答；回应，反应

️Management have granted a ten percent pay rise in response to union pressure.

面对工会的压力，资方以加薪10%应对。

come with

伴随…发生

pay for

If a government or organization makes someone pay for something, it makes them responsible for providing the money for it, for example, by increasing prices or taxes.

承担费用

️...a legally binding international treaty that establishes who must pay for environmental damage.

…一项规定谁必须为环境的破坏承担费用的具有法律约束力的国际公约。

take out

If you take out something such as a loan, a licence, or an insurance policy, you obtain it by fulfilling the conditions and paying the money that is necessary.

取得 (贷款、许可、保险等)

️I'll have to stop by the bank and take out a loan.

我将不得不去一下那家银行领一笔贷款。

aware of

️If you are aware of something, you know about it.

意识到…的

️Smokers are well aware of the dangers to their own health.

吸烟者们都很清楚吸烟对其自身健康的那些危害。

️He should have been aware of what his junior officers were doing.

他本该意识到自己部下在做什么。

rein in

抑制；控制；约束

️We tried to rein in our excitement and curiosity.

我们尽力克制住兴奋和好奇。

️Reports today suggest consumers are already reining back spending.

今天发表的调查报告显示，消费者已经开始控制花销。

hurt

损害；给…带来困难

️A lot of businesses are being hurt by the current high interest rates.

当前的高利率给很多企业造成了不利影响。

️These allegations have seriously hurt her reputation.

这些指控严重损害了她的名声。

️Hard work never hurt anyone (= does no one any harm).

努力工作绝不会对任何人有害。

It won’t hurt to

If you say "It won't hurt to do something" or "It never hurts to do something," you are recommending an action which you think is helpful or useful.

(做…) 不会有坏处 [非正式]

️It never hurts to ask.

提问总没坏处。

heavy

Heavy means great in amount, degree, or intensity.

大量的; 过度的; 强烈的

️Heavy fighting has been going on.

激战一直在进行。

️He worried about her heavy drinking.

他为她的酗酒感到担忧。

along with

除此之外，还…

️California, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations.

除了佛罗里达和夏威夷之外，加利福尼亚也是人们最常光顾的美国旅游胜地。

account for sth

（在数量上）占

️Students account for the vast majority of our customers.

我们的顾客绝大多数是学生。

vulnerable

易受伤的；易受影响（或攻击）的；脆弱的

️I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on.

一丝不挂地站在那儿，我感觉自己不堪一击。

️It is on economic policy that the government is most vulnerable.

政府最易受人诟病的是经济政策。

️Tourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid.

游客更容易受到攻击，因为他们不知道城里哪些地方不该去。

tension

（互不信任的人群之间的）紧张关系；紧张局势

️ethnic/racial tension

民族／种族间的紧张关系

️There are growing tensions between the two countries.

两国间的关系日益紧张。

self-reliant

自立的；自力更生的

️Single parents have to be self-reliant and inventive.

独身父母必须自力更生，还要富有创造性。

call for sth

号召，呼吁；要求

️Members have called for his resignation.

成员们要求他辞职。

mainstay

支柱；主要依靠

️Cattle farming is the mainstay of the country's economy.

养牛业是这个国家的经济支柱。

️The white blouse will be the mainstay of your wardrobe this summer.

白色衬衫将是今年夏天你衣橱里的主要服装。

cabinet

内阁

️The Cabinet meet/meets every Thursday.

内阁成员每周四开会。

️The President is completing the selection of his new Cabinet.

首相已宣布新内阁名单。

resilient

有弹性的；能复原的；有复原力的；适应性强的

️This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.

这种橡胶球很有弹性，可以立即恢复原来的形状。

️She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.

她是个适应力很强的女孩儿——她不会长时间沉浸于悲伤之中的。

empower

给（某人）做…的权力；授权；使自主

️[ + to infinitive ] This amendment empowers the president to declare an emergency for a wide range of reasons.

这一修正案授权总统可在一系列情形下宣布进入紧急状态。

️The first step in empowering the poorest sections of society is making sure they vote.

帮助社会最贫困阶层掌握自己命运的第一步就是要确保他们能够参加投票。

under ordinary circumstances

在一般情况下

️Under ordinary circumstances, Stempel would have had a difficult time, given GM's competitive shortcomings.

在通常情况下，考虑到通用汽车公司的种种竞争弱点，斯坦普尔的日子不会好过。

compel

If a situation, a rule, or a person compels you to do something, they force you to do it.

迫使

️...the introduction of legislation to compel cyclists to wear a helmet.

…强制骑车人戴头盔的法律的引入。

feel compelled to

If you feel compelled to do something, you feel that you must do it, because it is the right thing to do.

感到必须 (做某事)

️Dickens felt compelled to return to the stage for a final goodbye.

狄更斯感到必须返回舞台作最后的告别。

social safety net

社会保障体系

️This election is not a choice between growing the social safety net or shrinking it.

这次大选并不是在增加社会保障和缩减社会保障之间进行选择。

compound

To compound a problem, difficulty, or mistake means to make it worse by adding to it.

加剧

️Additional loss of life will only compound the tragedy.

生命力的进一步丧失只会加重这一悲剧。

️The problem is compounded by the medical system here.

这个问题被这里的医疗体制弄得更糟。

approach

（思考问题的）方式，方法，态度

️Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different approach to it.

到目前为止，我们还没有研究出任何解决这一问题的方法，所以我们得换一种思路了。

️I've just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.

我刚读了一本非常有趣的书，它提供了一种对莎士比亚作品的全新解读方式。

️Michael is always very logical in his approach.

迈克尔的处事方法一贯非常合情合理。

rebate

（尤指政府返还的）部分退款

️a tax rebate

退还部分税款

hand sth out

分发，发放

️The teacher asked her to hand out the worksheets.

老师让她分发活页练习题。

️They stood on the street corner handing out leaflets.

他们站在街角发放宣传单。

migrant workers

流动工人，农名工

️Job opportunities and higher salaries attract many migrant workers.

大量的工作和较高的工资吸引了许多外来务工人员。

endure

忍耐；忍受

️We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.

航班延误，我们不得不在机场苦等了9个小时。

️She's already had to endure three painful operations on her leg.

她已经承受了3次腿部手术的巨大痛苦。

dip into sth

动用，花费（部分积蓄）

️I had to dip into my savings to pay for the repairs.

我不得不动用部分积蓄来支付修理费。

take on sth

接受（工作）；承担（责任）

️She took too much on and made herself ill.

她承担的任务太重，结果病倒了。

make up for

补偿，弥补

️No amount of money can make up for the death of a child.

无论多少钱都无法补偿孩子的死亡。

️This year's good harvest will make up for last year's bad one.

今年的丰收将弥补去年的歉收。

️[ + -ing verb ] He bought me dinner to make up for being so late the day before.

他请我吃晚饭，作为对前一天迟到的补偿。

slash

大幅削减，大幅减少（金钱、工作等）

️Prices have been slashed by 50 percent!

价格直降50%！

wary

谨慎的；小心翼翼的

️I'm a little wary of/about giving people my address when I don't know them very well.

如果不是太熟的话，我不会轻易告诉别人我的地址。

-driven

…驱动（机器）；…触发（事件）

️The new ships, propelled by gas turbines, require less maintenance than older, steam-driven ones.

这些由汽轮机驱动的新型轮船比蒸汽驱动的老式轮船更易于养护。

️The fact remains that there are some public services that cannot be entirely market-driven (= controlled by economic forces).

事实上，有些公共服务事业的确不能完全由市场来控制。

the crux

关键；核心；症结

️The crux of the country's economic problems is its foreign debt.

外债是该国经济问题的症结所在。

️The issue of an arms embargo will be at the crux of the negotiations in Geneva.

武器禁运将是日内瓦谈判的核心议题。

experiment with

用…试验

️The school is experimenting with new teaching methods.

这所学校正在尝试新的教学法。

aim at

目的在于，旨在；致力于

️The talks are aiming at a compromise.

会谈旨在达成妥协。

️[ + -ing verb ] The government's campaign is aimed at influencing public opinion.

政府开展这场运动的目的在于引导公众舆论。

minimum standard of living

最低生活标准

️Many people have a minimum standard of living they want to maintain.

许多人都有自己想要维持的最低生活标准。

fuel

加强；激起

️The rapid promotion of the director's son has itself fuelled resentment within the company.

董事的儿子升职太快了，这件事激起了公司内的不满情绪。

️The president's speech fuelled speculation that she is about to resign.

总统的讲话引起了人们认为她准备辞职的猜测。

on the whole

总的来说；整体上讲

️We have our bad times but on the whole we're fairly happy.

我们有过糟糕的时期，但整体上来说还是相当快乐的。

turn to sb/sth

求助于…

️Without someone to turn to for advice, making the most appropriate choice can be difficult.

在没有人可以征求意见的情况下，要作出最恰当的选择可能会很难。

️Her family lived a long way away, and she had no one to turn to.

她的家人住得很远，她无人可以求助。

resurgence

复苏；复兴；再次兴起

️The creation of independent states has led to a resurgence of nationalism.

独立国家的建立导致了民族主义的复苏。

️resurgence in demand/popularity/interest

需求的回升／再度流行／重新感兴趣