2020年5月2日 周六 晴
核心概念:思维品质、读写设计
教育的三大任务:价值引领、思维启迪、品格塑造。思维启迪是我们教书育人的核心任务,不能忽视。
读写教学设计包含阅读活动和写作活动,阅读活动除了培养学生的阅读能力之外,重点聚焦通过阅读促进写作,读写结合,以读促写,通过写来延伸读的内涵。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/11284d27a951d7a0.jpg)
写作现状:思维与语言密不可分,思维方式决定着语言的表达方式。阅读与写作是思维训练和考查学生思维品质的重要途径,学生的深层阅读能力弱,写作能能力也弱。学生可以认得文章中的每一个字,阅读理解却得不到高分,学生背诵了大量的范文,句型,写作还是在及格的边缘。
一、思维品质的概念
核心素养中思维思维品质属于重要一项。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/68f39778b2406515.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/205816dd7dc023e1.jpg)
敲黑板,划重点:思维能力与语言能力是合在一起发展的,不可分割。思维品质的重要点是逻辑性、批判性、创造性三点。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/e56b8523bb7243e9.jpg)
运用布鲁姆的学习金字塔理论,记忆与理解是底层,创新是顶层,我们常说的应用、分析、评估、创新是高阶思维。训练学生时代高阶思维能力是我们的瓶颈,要突破。
我们可能觉得思维品质在课标、理论书籍上,与我们遥不可及,实际上,思维品质的考查整体体现在试卷的每个大题中,这要求老师把思维品质的训练渗透在每节课甚至是每个教学环节中。
二、书面表达考查学什么能力?
书面表达不仅考查学生的表达能力还考查学生的思维品质。
以北京的书面表达为例
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/6f7c11bc8d40c329.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/c1c16ee0d10da8e7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/1a9763ef89f183ec.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/8922fb561bc5d83a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/aba24fa88b2a0b77.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/52cc05e65d06a2af.jpg)
概括一下,书面表达借助对语言能力的检测,侧重对语言意义与语言内容的表达,在此过程中贯穿各种高阶思维能力的培养,分析、比较、判断、评价、概括、联想等。学生的个性化表达将会是今后书面表达评价的侧重点。
三、写作的现状是什么?
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/0edd318173e69c82.jpg)
写作的所有问题,聚焦于学生的输入不足,思维僵化。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/f8c34a17f2d3096c.jpg)
缺乏逻辑的学生作品。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/70b257ad5bb7e686.jpg)
从教师的教的层面看学生习作的问题。句句如石锤落到咱们的身上。以考代练,背范文,不搭建支架,缺乏指导,评价方式单一等,咱们哪个没做过?
五、如何提高写作教学的有效性
解决之道:读写结合、以读促写
理论依据:阅读课为写作提供素材,创设情景,丰富写作语言,发展写作技能。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/7346f85574904e15.jpg)
方法原则:设计由浅入深的读写联动活动。整体感知、深入思考、分析和模仿,激发思维
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/7d204e6b01e763c0.jpg)
体现写作过程:口头表达;词、词组、段、文
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/2d312cbb90726bec.jpg)
评价标准合理(意义和内容高于形式和结构);方式多元
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/e7cf199fe2cc7154.jpg)
写作形式:仿写、续写、概要、写评论、回信等。初中最多方式是仿写和评论、看法与建议。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/868cc8d789138e92.jpg)
六:读写教学设计
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/19d00eab91b4a11b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/8cb7d0149556708b.jpg)
读前活动:背景提供;预测课文内容、学习部分生词、
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/b901722ac767a1cc.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/55386c71f841f320.jpg)
读中活动:归纳主旨、段落大意、文章具体细节、推断作者写作意图与观点、对文本内容进行评价、对单词与语法的学习、分析篇章结构、进行信息转换(写什么,为什么写,怎么写,写得到怎样)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/53d5187f17a54770.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/4cfe72f26a1d1956.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/a0a115a8407a3425.jpg)
读后活动:
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/267d4eed3b8beddd.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/fea140ebfd25904a.jpg)
读后活动:讨论与运用(整合阅读材料和已有结构,突破固有思维模式)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/b8076d0c8c3323a6.jpg)
七、具体案例(一)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/2d5e1e265e30c828.jpg)
背景图:春夏秋冬
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/4ead3769821aca64.jpg)
核心词:题目核心词 love 、图片:雪人,推测主题是我为什么爱冬天,因为可以堆雪人。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/500421fd2a6d9fd8.jpg)
教学目标的层次性:文章字面的理解、关键词与词组学习、分析文章与结构,借鉴在自己的写作中。(who do what to get what degree in what situation)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/a5b1685673b3c7fe.jpg)
从自由讨论到小女孩的favorite
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/a318f892fc271e39.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/43aa1272c1a3c7e2.jpg)
fast reading:天气、风景、活动
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/3c8621001d84eefc.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/999acd385da8b9be.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/7433c9552f212a0b.jpg)
careful reading :天气特征、风景特征、活动内容,but转折,“爱”主题突出。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/ed58600b23a9c103.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/6d3218f8b1b12e09.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/3812af8cf66c32d9.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/1ca1f11567bf8bb0.jpg)
学习词组be covered with,scream,exciting
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/2f0af90decfc749a.jpg)
得出结构:这个地方特巧妙
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/e6241daadd03ea8c.jpg)
具体对结构分析:观点、理由、总结
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/ad678609c713073a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/81b08375116d5c73.jpg)
颜色对照,也是巧妙的地方。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/83c47dfd54e1834a.jpg)
脱离文章,谈结构。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/4bc0500db5fdefb8.jpg)
看着结构复述,再一个窍门。脚手架搭建的特别好。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/72fe16c567ea4b42.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/572c0f8e563c8eb2.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/76f1a1d2cf0b975b.jpg)
加上一个“其他”这个思维考查能力就出来了。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/4453af26a7185613.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/de44503e2c73fe73.jpg)
评价中的自评。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/983424828b5cdfae.jpg)
案例(二)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/96b3b5205102154b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/ccff9e6a6a9187ab.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/379a162187d5e732.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/ac86a7f81471e54a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/ec9f1d9e854a9d6b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/24aaa0b3e2909bbb.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/b78344a2bec7a2c5.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/8ead840db8f26bcc.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/2943e9f4d3415f58.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/1f4a0007f0d13693.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/4a72806d93458a72.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/0b99b3972b8d05f1.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/cd48bee9e45fbb4f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/3d3f0908f2c79709.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/b16cbb82062852ba.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/9f37373fbbcfe586.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/df216ff20394538d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/8743d5cd3c7eb7e2.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/3d89f7bfdfbdf785.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/8453073bfe60f2cb.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/aea1c9227c8679ec.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/becf4b74b52b559d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/96ec962bba03bc0e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/13896bbac6e1d960.jpg)
结语:因地制宜,因课不同,因学生不同而不同。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/4999428fc3d2bf6d.jpg)
点燃思想,启迪思维最关键
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/78597f66116f59db.jpg)
做一个有思想的人。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/9aabdfd0cdddb9d5.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i9085357/b86caa3998bf101e.jpg)
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