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MyBatis Executor 对比分析

MyBatis Executor 对比分析

作者: wuyong和大叔 | 来源:发表于2017-11-13 10:31 被阅读0次

    PS:该篇内容基于 mybatis 3.4.4 版本 , 数据库基于 mysql 5.6

    Executor 类图

    主要分析 SimpleExecutor , ReuseExecutor , BatchExecutor , CachingExecutor 的不同点,以及实际使用中该如何选择。


    image.png

    BaseExecutor

    BaseExecutor 主要是使用了模板设计模式(template), 共性被封装在 BaseExecutor 中 , 容易变化的内容被分离到了子类中 。

    SimpleExecutor

    MyBatis 的官方文档中对 SimpleExecutor 的说明是 "普通的执行器" , 普通就在于每一次执行都会创建一个新的 Statement 对象 。下面看一下 mybatis 创建 Statement 对象的代码 :

    // BaseStatementHandler 中的方法
      @Override
      public Statement prepare(Connection connection, Integer transactionTimeout) throws SQLException {
        ErrorContext.instance().sql(boundSql.getSql());
        Statement statement = null;
        try {
          statement = instantiateStatement(connection);
          setStatementTimeout(statement, transactionTimeout);
          setFetchSize(statement);
          return statement;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
          closeStatement(statement);
          throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
          closeStatement(statement);
          throw new ExecutorException("Error preparing statement.  Cause: " + e, e);
        }
      }
      
    // PreparedStatementHandler 中的方法
      @Override
      protected Statement instantiateStatement(Connection connection) throws SQLException {
        String sql = boundSql.getSql();
        if (mappedStatement.getKeyGenerator() instanceof Jdbc3KeyGenerator) {
          String[] keyColumnNames = mappedStatement.getKeyColumns();
          if (keyColumnNames == null) {
            return connection.prepareStatement(sql, PreparedStatement.RETURN_GENERATED_KEYS);
          } else {
            return connection.prepareStatement(sql, keyColumnNames);
          }
        } else if (mappedStatement.getResultSetType() != null) {
          return connection.prepareStatement(sql, mappedStatement.getResultSetType().getValue(), ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
        } else {
          return connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        }
      }
    

    在眼见为实了 mybatis 创建 Statement 对象的代码后我们可以看SimpleExecutor 的代码 , 每次调用时都创建了一个新的 Statement 对象:

     // 实现 BaseExecutor 中的抽象方法
      @Override
      public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
          Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
          StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
          stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
          return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler);
        } finally {
          closeStatement(stmt);
        }
      }
    
      // 获取一个 Statement , 这里的 handler 默认使用的是 
     // org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.PreparedStatementHandler
      private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
          Statement stmt;
          Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);
          stmt = handler.prepare(connection, transaction.getTimeout());
          handler.parameterize(stmt);
          return stmt;
        }
    

    ReuseExecutor

    官方文档中的解释是“执行器会重用预处理语句(prepared statements)” , 这次倒是解释的很详细。也就是说不会每一次调用都去创建一个 Statement 对象 , 而是会重复利用以前创建好的(如果SQL相同的话),这也就是在很多数据连接池库中常见的 PSCache 概念 。但是ReuseExecutor的PSCache 范围只能存在于一次回话中 , 因为每一次回话内部都会使用一个新的 ReuseExecutor 对象 , 所以 mybatis 的 PSCache 作用十分有限。

      // 存储 SQL 语句对应的 Statement 对象
      private final Map<String, Statement> statementMap = new HashMap<String, Statement>();
    
      // .....
    
      private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
        Statement stmt;
        BoundSql boundSql = handler.getBoundSql();
        String sql = boundSql.getSql();
        // 检查该 sql 是否有可用的 Statement , 如果有的话直接从缓存中获取 , 没有的话创建新的 Statement 并缓存
        if (hasStatementFor(sql)) {
          stmt = getStatement(sql);
          applyTransactionTimeout(stmt);
        } else {
          Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);
          stmt = handler.prepare(connection, transaction.getTimeout());
          putStatement(sql, stmt);
        }
        handler.parameterize(stmt);
        return stmt;
      }
    

    SimpleExecutor & ReuseExecutor 对比总结

    SimpleExecutor 比 ReuseExecutor 的性能要差 , 因为 SimpleExecutor 没有做 PSCache。为什么做了 PSCache 性能就会高呢 , 因为当SQL越复杂占位符越多的时候预编译的时间也就越长,创建一个 PreparedStatement 对象的时间也就越长。测试代码 :

    public class PrepareStatementTest {
    
        private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PrepareStatementTest.class);
        private static final Properties PROP = new Properties();
        private static final int COUNT = 2000000;
    
        private String driverClass;
        private String url;
        private String user;
        private String password;
    
        private static final StringBuilder TEST_PREPAREED_STATEMENT_SQL = new StringBuilder();
        private long startTime;
    
        @Before
        public void init() throws Exception {
    
            PROP.load(PrepareStatementTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties"));
            this.driverClass = PROP.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
            this.url = PROP.getProperty("jdbc.url");
            this.user = PROP.getProperty("jdbc.user");
            this.password = PROP.getProperty("jdbc.password");
            DriverManager.registerDriver((Driver) Class.forName(this.driverClass).newInstance());
    
            TEST_PREPAREED_STATEMENT_SQL.append("INSERT INTO `user` (nickname,realname,phone,login_password,pay_password,create_time,update_time) VALUES");
            for (int i = 0 ; i < COUNT ; i++ ) {
                if (i == COUNT - 1) {
                    TEST_PREPAREED_STATEMENT_SQL.append(" (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)");
                } else {
                    TEST_PREPAREED_STATEMENT_SQL.append(" (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)").append(", ");
                }
            }
    
            this.startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        }
    
        @After
        public void after() throws Exception {
            LOG.debug("======> cost time {} ms" , (System.currentTimeMillis() - this.startTime));
        }
    
        @Test
        public void costTime() throws Exception {
            Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(TEST_PREPAREED_STATEMENT_SQL.toString());
    
        }
    }
    

    BatchExecutor

    BatchExecutor 的特性其实非常简单,其实就是调用了 Statement 的 addBatch 方法。另外千万不要认为 BatchExecutor 比 ReuseExecutor 功能强大性能高 , 实际上不是的 BatchExecutor 是没有做 PSCache 的。

      @Override
      public int doUpdate(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject) throws SQLException {
        final Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
        final StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(this, ms, parameterObject, RowBounds.DEFAULT, null, null);
        final BoundSql boundSql = handler.getBoundSql();
        final String sql = boundSql.getSql();
        final Statement stmt;
        if (sql.equals(currentSql) && ms.equals(currentStatement)) {
          int last = statementList.size() - 1;
          stmt = statementList.get(last);
          applyTransactionTimeout(stmt);
         handler.parameterize(stmt);//fix Issues 322
          BatchResult batchResult = batchResultList.get(last);
          batchResult.addParameterObject(parameterObject);
        } else {
          Connection connection = getConnection(ms.getStatementLog());
          stmt = handler.prepare(connection, transaction.getTimeout());
          handler.parameterize(stmt);    //fix Issues 322
          currentSql = sql;
          currentStatement = ms;
          statementList.add(stmt);
          batchResultList.add(new BatchResult(ms, sql, parameterObject));
        }
      // handler.parameterize(stmt);
        handler.batch(stmt);
        return BATCH_UPDATE_RETURN_VALUE;
      }
    

    BatchExecutor 与 SimpleExecutor 和 ReuseExecutor 还有一个区别就是 , BatchExecutor 的事务是没法自动提交的。因为 BatchExecutor 只有在调用了 SqlSession 的 commit 方法的时候 , 它才会去执行 executeBatch 方法。

      // BaseExecutor 的 commit 方法
      public void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException {
        if (closed) throw new ExecutorException("Cannot commit, transaction is already closed");
        clearLocalCache();
        flushStatements();
        if (required) {
          transaction.commit();
        }
      }
    
    // BatchExecutor 中的 doFlushStatements 方法
    @Override
      public List<BatchResult> doFlushStatements(boolean isRollback) throws SQLException {
        try {
          List<BatchResult> results = new ArrayList<BatchResult>();
          if (isRollback) {
            return Collections.emptyList();
          }
          for (int i = 0, n = statementList.size(); i < n; i++) {
            Statement stmt = statementList.get(i);
            applyTransactionTimeout(stmt);
            BatchResult batchResult = batchResultList.get(i);
            try {
              // 这里才调用了 executeBatch 方法
              batchResult.setUpdateCounts(stmt.executeBatch());
              MappedStatement ms = batchResult.getMappedStatement();
              List<Object> parameterObjects = batchResult.getParameterObjects();
              KeyGenerator keyGenerator = ms.getKeyGenerator();
              if (Jdbc3KeyGenerator.class.equals(keyGenerator.getClass())) {
                Jdbc3KeyGenerator jdbc3KeyGenerator = (Jdbc3KeyGenerator) keyGenerator;
                jdbc3KeyGenerator.processBatch(ms, stmt, parameterObjects);
              } else if (!NoKeyGenerator.class.equals(keyGenerator.getClass())) { //issue #141
                for (Object parameter : parameterObjects) {
                  keyGenerator.processAfter(this, ms, stmt, parameter);
                }
              }
            } catch (BatchUpdateException e) {
              StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
              message.append(batchResult.getMappedStatement().getId())
                  .append(" (batch index #")
                  .append(i + 1)
                  .append(")")
                  .append(" failed.");
              if (i > 0) {
                message.append(" ")
                    .append(i)
                    .append(" prior sub executor(s) completed successfully, but will be rolled back.");
              }
              throw new BatchExecutorException(message.toString(), e, results, batchResult);
            }
            results.add(batchResult);
          }
          return results;
        } finally {
          for (Statement stmt : statementList) {
            closeStatement(stmt);
          }
          currentSql = null;
          statementList.clear();
          batchResultList.clear();
        }
      }
    

    CachingExecutor

    再回头去看一下 Executor 组件的类结构图 , 发现 CachingExecutor 没有 extends BaseExecutor , 为什么?一定有原因这个世界上没有无缘无故的事情。看看 CachingExecutor 的实现,发现 CachingExecutor 其实是一个装饰者对象 , mybatis 这里对 Executor 的设计使用了 Decorator (装饰者) 设计模式。

    public class CachingExecutor implements Executor {
    
      private Executor delegate;
      private TransactionalCacheManager tcm = new TransactionalCacheManager();
    
      public CachingExecutor(Executor delegate) {
        this.delegate = delegate;
        delegate.setExecutorWrapper(this);
      }
    

    接下来说明 CachingExecutor 这个装饰者对象的作用 ,看名字的话也能猜的差不多了 , 这个装饰对象是用来处理二级缓存的。 当全局设置开启了二级缓存时会初始化一个 CachingExecutor 。

      // org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration 中的方法
      public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
        executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
        executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
        Executor executor;
        if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
          executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
        } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
          executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
        } else {
          executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
        }
        
        // 如果开启了二级缓存 , 实例化 CachingExecutor 对象
        if (cacheEnabled) {
          executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
        }
        executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
        return executor;
      }
    
    // CachingExecutor
    @Override
      public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
          throws SQLException {
        Cache cache = ms.getCache();
        if (cache != null) {
          flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
          if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
            ensureNoOutParams(ms, parameterObject, boundSql);
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
            if (list == null) {
              list = delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
              tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
            }
            return list;
          }
        }
        return delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
      }
    

    总结

    实际生产环境中建议使用 ReuseExecutor , 另外在实际应用中涉及到大量数据的更新,插入操作不建议使用 mybatis 而应该使用原生的 JDBC 操作 , 因为数据量很大的时候进行一次 executeBatch 也是很耗时的 , 使用原生 JDBC 操作可以 clearBatch 和 executeBatch 结合使用提高性能 ; 通过对源码的分析,了解到了各个Executor实现的优劣 , 它们之间的组织与协同关系 , 希望阅读源码不仅仅是熟悉了框架的运行流程,实现原理,更能体会作者的思想,分析出框架的优点缺点 , 结合实际为自己所用。站在巨人的肩膀上能看的更远。

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