本次进行MySQL5.7版本的安装,关于MySQL版本选择、官网下载地址、相关系统配置等操作可以参照之前的博文,本文就不在赘述咯。可以参考历史文章处理,下面直奔主题,进行相关安装工作。
总体安装步骤概述如下:
操作系统等相关配置设置
安装依赖包
创建用户
修改配置文件、创建相关数据目录、日志目录等并授权
运行安装命令,启动数据库
配置环境变量、服务等
因为我之前已经安装了MySQL5.6,本次继续在同一台机器上安装一个MySQL5.7版本的实例,相关配置及依赖包等操作之前已处理完毕,
现在就接着后续操作进行了。如果首次安装,需先进行配置。详情见https://www.jianshu.com/p/b0a0fbe161fd
一、准备工作
安装必要依赖包
yum install -y libaio
创建用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
上传安装包至 /usr/local ,如上传至其他路径,以下操作过程中注意修改路径,或者在/usr/local目录创建软连接
解压
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
创建软连接
ln -s mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql5.7
修改目录权限
cd /usr/local
chown -R mysql:root mysql5.7
二、创建相关数据目录、日志目录、配置文件等并授权
创建相关目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3307/{data,logs,etc,tmp}
配置文件
vi /data/mysql/mysql3307/etc/my3307.cnf
可以参考如下配置文件,注意根据自己的环境修改相关配置
[mysqld] ########basic settings######## server-id = 463307 port = 3307 user = mysql character_set_server=utf8mb4 skip_name_resolve = 1 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 1000 datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3307/data #根据实际情况修改,建议和程序分离存放 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1 join_buffer_size = 512M tmp_table_size = 512M tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3307/tmp pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld3307.pid socket = /data/mysql/mysql3307/tmp/mysql3307.sock max_allowed_packet = 128M sql_mode = "STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_ZERO_DATE,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER" interactive_timeout = 1800 wait_timeout = 1800 read_buffer_size = 16M read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 32M language = /usr/local/mysql5.7/share/english ## 以后版本将取消该参数 ########log settings######## log_error =/data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/mysqld3307.log slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/slow.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 log_slow_admin_statements = 1 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10 expire_logs_days = 3 long_query_time = 2 min_examined_row_limit = 100 ########replication settings######## master_info_repository = TABLE relay_log_info_repository = TABLE log_bin = /data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/mysql_binlog sync_binlog = 1 gtid_mode = on enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 log_slave_updates binlog_format = row relay_log = /data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/relay.log relay_log_recovery = 1 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery = 1 slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors ########innodb settings######## innodb_page_size = 8192 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G #根据实际情况修改 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2000 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 5 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 innodb_io_capacity_max = 8000 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_file_format_max = Barracuda innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/ #根据实际情况修改 innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/ #根据实际情况修改 innodb_undo_logs = 128 innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3 innodb_flush_neighbors = 1 innodb_log_file_size = 512M #根据实际情况修改 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216 innodb_purge_threads = 4 innodb_large_prefix = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 64 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 innodb_strict_mode = 1 innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864 ########semi sync replication settings######## plugin_dir=/usr/local/mysql5.7/lib/plugin #根据实际情况修改 plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so" loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1 loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000 [mysqld-5.7] innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40 innodb_page_cleaners = 4 innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_max_undo_log_size = 1G innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128 binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1 log_timestamps=system transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32 show_compatibility_56=on
授权
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3307
三、 安装及启动
1.指定本实例的配置文件进行安装
# 建议写全路径运行命令进行安装
/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3307/etc/my3307.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
注意:mysql5.7安装后默认会产生一个临时密码,存放于错误日志里,可以查看错误日志进行查看
# 查看日志
vim /data/mysql/mysql3307/logs/mysqld3307.log
此时可以看到临时密码,并查看是否有错误产生
如果不想产生临时密码,可以运行如下命令进行操作,建议使用initialize产生随机密码(下面的语句只是科普使用,无需执行)
/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3307/etc/my3307.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql 即:使用--initialize生成随机密码,使用--initialize-insecure生成空密码。
注意:如果安装过程中出现错误,需要将 datadir及 logs下对应的文件删除,并将错误原因查出解决后再运行安装命令,否则将无法再次安装。
2. 启动MySQL实例
#启动数据库,并在后台运行(执行下面命令时多次回车,专为小白而备注)
/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3307/etc/my3307.cnf &
# 查看进程
ps -ef|grep mysql
# 登录mysql:此时需要用到临时密码(存放于错误日志中)
/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysql -uroot -p'c,/yqCh:&9pS' -P3307 --socket=/data/mysql/mysql3307/tmp/mysql3307.sock
# 进入后需先修改密码才能进行其他操作,如下所示
3.停止数据库
mysql> shutdown; # 在MySQL客户端里运行,不要在操作系统层运行
MySQL 5.7可以在sql里运行shutdown命令关闭数据库(mysql5.6需要用mysqladmin进行)
# mysqladmin 方式关闭 (mysql5.6采用此方法关闭)
/usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 --port=3307 --socket=/data/mysql/mysql3307/tmp/mysql3307.sock shutdown
## 至此 mysql5.6 mysql5.7版本的安装及启动停止就已完成了, MySQL8.0的安装与MySQL5.7类似,但是新特性较多,后续也会进行找机会再举例说明。
以上步骤中如有疑问或错误 欢迎指正。
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