埃及金字塔居世界公认的“古代世界八大奇迹”之首,相传是古埃及法老(国王)的陵墓,但是考古学家从没有在金字塔中找到过法老的木乃伊。陵墓基座为正方形,四面则是四个相等的三角形(即方锥体),侧影类似汉字的“金”字,故汉语称为金字塔。
埃及金字塔是人类至今最大的建筑群之一,早已成为古埃及文明最有影响力和持久的象征。在埃及境内已发现的 110 座金字塔中,吉萨高地的祖孙三代金字塔—胡夫金字塔、哈夫拉金字塔和孟卡拉金字塔是最古老的金字塔。
吉萨金字塔群(Giza Necropolis)位于开罗市郊的一处平坦空地上,吉萨金字塔是埃及之旅必看的古埃及标志性建筑。
狮身人面像(The Great Sphinx)为哈夫拉法老于公元前2530年左右建造,贯穿了大部分埃及历史的皇家雕像类型,面部是法老的绘像。它以守护神的姿态守护哈夫拉的陵墓阻挡邪灵的侵犯。狮身人面像开凿于石灰岩中,头为男性面容,身体则为蹲坐的狮子。长约73米,高20米(数据来源:《埃及全攻略》)。
古埃及人常用狮子代表法老王,象征其无边的权力和无穷的力量,这种法老王既是神又是人的观念,促使了狮身人面混合体的产生。
根据网上查询到的金字塔游览线路图,我们从北入口进入,在胡夫金字塔前右转,经过哈夫拉金字塔、孟卡拉金字塔后经胡夫金字塔左侧,上车绕到“最佳观景点”,从远处观看三座金字塔后回到东出口,在那里观看狮身人面像。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a5063bcccc4f306e.jpg)
我们在开罗的第一天,在萨拉丁城堡上看到了远处沙漠中最大的两座金字塔——胡夫金字塔、哈夫拉金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/1eebe695b5d86231.jpg)
现在我们来到吉萨金字塔群,贴近观看它的全貌。导游给我们约好集结时间,由我们自由参观。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/e33565b4e8fe5451.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/825d8312950e8416.jpg)
左侧这座是胡夫金字塔,是埃及最大的金字塔,不远处的右边是哈夫拉金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/0b59569b21a7daef.jpg)
哈夫拉金字塔塔尖有白色的岩石,阳光下会发光,这是最初金字塔建成时表面涂抹的一层白灰岩。由于地理位置原因,成为众多游客拍摄和留影之地,网络上更多展示的是哈夫拉金字塔和其他金字塔的组合照片,它处于显著的位置。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/ddc58ea57ffb2c6f.jpg)
胡夫金字塔(The Great Pyramid Of Khufu)是有史以来最大的建筑体,由230万块石块建造而成,石块大小不等,每块重约2-15吨。考古学家认为,胡夫金字塔是由20000名工人建造的,施工时配套有面包师、医生和祭司。塔原高146米,现高137米,大部分高度削减是因为顶部平滑的石灰岩外壳年久风化剥落所致(数据来源:《埃及全攻略》)。
胡夫金字塔内部可以进去参观,旁边有个太阳船博物馆,需要另购票。也因为如此,吸引众多游客前往观看。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/26f18d0f264e66ab.jpg)
塔身的原始入口已被封堵。现在使用的入口是哈里夫·马蒙于公元820年重新开凿的,比原入口位置较低。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/db2c66c5dab5767f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/6bb8b926c0076e41.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/76fae44961ff71a8.jpg)
塔身的原始入口已被封堵
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f7bb295cebcd4904.jpg)
有时间、有体力,你还可以攀爬上去,体验一下在金字塔上的感受。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/4787552802b7152c.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c5f7441fbabdb5a3.jpg)
在这里,可以将胡夫金字塔和哈夫拉金字塔一同拍摄进去。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/6ee33ed8f334885a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/bf9543a1742b436f.jpg)
由于地势和太靠近仰角拍摄的原因,胡夫金字塔已经拍不出塔尖。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/4c9551e5c6636788.jpg)
我们沿着步行参观路线,从胡夫金字塔旁的步行道,向哈夫拉金字塔走去。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c0288f3d37af0d7a.jpg)
游客们有的乘坐马车或大巴,或骑马直接过去。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a2bdc3a0f7b91049.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/95ffc2433ee1ca08.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/498a6476447bf2b7.jpg)
哈夫拉金字塔(The Pyramid Of Khafre)是唯一一座石冠尚存的金字塔,因所在位置略高于胡夫金字塔,因此显得略高于后者。该塔的塔壁倾斜度比胡夫金字塔更陡。哈夫拉金字塔各个边长216米,原始高度为143米,石灰石和花岗岩石单个重约2.5吨。墓室位于地下,内有红色花岗岩石棺和盖板(数据来源:《埃及全攻略》)。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f6c97fb6d80cbaa8.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/4364f9697068b807.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/041fcdbed0deb644.jpg)
过了哈夫拉金字塔,下图左侧是孟卡拉金字塔。
孟卡拉金字塔与女王金字塔(The Pyramid Of Menkaure The Queens’ Pyramids)。孟卡拉金字塔在所有金字塔中位列最南端,是最后一个建造的。各边长100米,建成后高度为66米。旁边有专为胡夫的妻子建造的三座小金字塔和为他最喜爱的孩子所建造的一系列平顶金字塔(数据来源:《埃及全攻略》)。
孟卡拉金字塔是吉萨三大金字塔之一,也是较小的一座。这是埃及第四王朝的法老孟卡拉的陵墓,其内部有一间与其他墓室都不一样的神秘墓室,可以看到六个明显的壁龛。
据说法老孟卡拉逝世时,存放他遗体的金字塔尚未完工,而继位的法老赶工兴建,外层原拟铺设红色花岗岩,仅完成一半就匆匆改铺为石灰岩。因此,现在金字塔底部外层还残留着原始加铺的红色花岗岩。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/3eef701d2139ed12.jpg)
孟卡拉金字塔
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c80fc34bfd8f2863.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/54fe10e1de927169.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/e713097613a65960.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/0b7aafc096b6a480.jpg)
这是专为胡夫的妻子建造的小金字塔和为他最喜爱的孩子所建造的一系列平顶金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/946932b7313eb795.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a4d532f12b48819e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/25b5a442324508f2.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/ce0cb53893a9d65f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/04c4eddfd5596539.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/92c27f5459dfac24.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/db80d8c45add8c4d.jpg)
远处就是开罗城区了
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/ee22d92fe9622f1e.jpg)
走过孟卡拉金字塔和一系列平顶金字塔,绕到哈夫拉金字塔后面......
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/bb9cbb4a5e803407.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/d760d11eb16555e6.jpg)
继续前行,左侧远处是孟卡拉金字塔,中间是哈夫拉金字塔,右侧是胡夫金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c7dbe9459e6dd18b.jpg)
沿着栈道,将路过胡夫金字塔走回北门。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/6c8af547b75d2406.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f24f0f14001875b6.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/d9bdc5ec417429b6.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c82ade08aef5eef7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f6e6db646eed517a.jpg)
这里又是一处入口,可以进入参观。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/d6e2f948bfebe700.jpg)
在胡夫金字塔附近有一座太阳船博物馆。1954年,从下图这个坑中出土了一艘43米长的船只,称为“太阳船”。制作太阳船的目的说法之一是胡夫的殡葬船,随后与胡夫的木乃伊一起埋葬,供它的灵魂遨游太空。船体木块大多为黎巴嫩杉木,复原太阳船整整花了14年时间。太阳船有4500年左右的历史,可能是现存的最古老的船只。
我们整个游程不含进入金字塔、博物馆等方面的参观。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/cb5ff52813559b11.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/704db164e5571c55.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/af9437cec266df53.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f4615c57d3b2455a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/cf38a442a4b9f189.jpg)
这里有不少的当地“导游”,他们可以用马匹或骆驼载着你围绕金字塔转悠......
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/43f932391b1bc3af.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/1532bf3cd4152941.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f81df3bdfcf9832f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/45886a387404fc86.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/d67d6a08fabed275.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/bc728583196ee958.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/89e7976a450a8829.jpg)
我们在停车场坐上大巴,围绕金字塔的另一侧观看。透过车窗,我拍下这些场景。
左侧是哈夫拉金字塔,右前方是孟卡拉金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/9c43b06cae36aa31.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c307a22c5c9b3776.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/6dd8476ed550535f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/4c4c8e7ff529f9e7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/e005a55541680f5a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/157297af42d9086b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/b447c4f2db774ae3.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/b293f5d769e50200.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/bd5a290f3539325d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/87e5863fe693104e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a5d27aee2f75058c.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/7a82ebd5f7c14bb9.jpg)
我们向最佳观景点走去......
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/ce1156fe4bf87840.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/37ed7618283f4b6d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/6da75e98b6b103e2.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/83bfabe2b9e7d80e.jpg)
这应该是“最佳观景点”了
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/87528a7738e50522.jpg)
从这个角度看,左侧是胡夫金字塔,中间是哈夫拉金字塔,因地势原因,它显得比胡夫金字塔还高大;右侧是孟卡拉金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/7d132f53eb1e228b.jpg)
远处是开罗城区。对比一下在萨拉丁城堡上拍的远眺金字塔的图片,真是“隔岸相望两相依”!
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/eb4b5e25bafe3d1a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/db61e4e614bca818.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/97d8a93cd0d3826f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/27741846667bf393.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/ca5b2a277c0637c1.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/694a1936557ed00d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a72c6d0afc08f30c.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/83382eec537c2e1e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/bf27453766600a07.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/79a4389fdb90e6ee.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/21f5d56ec5982cea.jpg)
骑着骆驼游曳沙漠是埃及旅行的热门项目
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/3da26a45a492ba7c.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/9250e41ede63d834.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/4d3dd57f4924d657.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/eb66e913ccf4dd75.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/0843b1a63bb4550c.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f29cf88f7162e8d3.jpg)
天空出现黑压压的一片,走进一看才知是鸟群在游客聚集处觅食......
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/42db84a1581269b3.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/d1f4a9c4fe69cda3.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/29935d999b055240.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/6f03f9ca6e5ce36d.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/b001981961645fc7.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a118f9e89e539090.jpg)
用骆驼载客观赏,也是当地埃及人谋生的手段之一。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/5142d05733b5b10c.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/d6eb861a7c699ed9.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/3da95a3bf608da84.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/2a6e6cb59eb81180.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/e450b0ce3e66ed78.jpg)
我们到了东口,进入狮身人面像观景点。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/f933adf2d3c7373b.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c840825e41067524.jpg)
狮身人面像(The Great Sphinx)是哈夫拉法老于公元前2530年左右建造的,贯穿了大部分埃及历史的皇家雕像类型,面部是法老的绘像。它以守护神的姿态守护哈夫拉的陵墓阻挡邪灵的侵犯。狮身人面像开凿于石灰岩中,头为男性面容,身体则为蹲坐的狮子。长约73米,高20米。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/2d47fb77246450cf.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/50de2be7110e1cfa.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/8bfbbc9a903906d6.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c912813cce4eff94.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/420ad49239de1442.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c2e4c7f4d78aed17.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/6d4abe401992c1d9.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/412d0c6c5705f85f.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/2131c5851ce06398.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/78d54363268057bc.jpg)
狮身人面像区域成为游客们的打卡热点
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/65fdef53b554c38a.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/27d0442f17fdec8e.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/1f0cf72680d7cdc3.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/ef9699c40f210131.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/b186e643fffa2b19.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/16ff55472c3f3879.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/54f1dcda508f87d9.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/fe2d91a26367ab4f.jpg)
从这个角度看,狮身人面像处于胡夫金字塔和哈夫拉金字塔之间。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/3571deaef6970e66.jpg)
但从正面看去,它的后面是哈夫拉金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/c817dd3ffbade59e.jpg)
狮身人面像的后面从右至左分别是胡夫金字塔、哈夫拉金字塔、孟卡拉金字塔。
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/e8d5d8aaca074ef4.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/dce3f7a118686d86.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/8f81db4677838bea.jpg)
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/956630574a0f27c2.jpg)
我们没有时间继续从各个角度去欣赏狮身人面像了
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/a37f86aa05ed2a65.jpg)
数千年来,它守护着金字塔,保卫着法老的辉煌遗产永续延存......
![](https://img.haomeiwen.com/i18215189/2eb94ec92512635f.jpg)
·本集完毕·
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