Spring Initializr 实际上是一个提供 REST API 服务的 Web 应用，使用它我们能够生成一个基于 Spring 框架的项目结构骨架。还可以利用它添加我们所需要的组件或第三方框架依赖库。比如在下图中就可以选择所需要的依赖库：
项目构建成功后，会在项目所在根目录新建好名为 pom.xml 的 Maven 配置文件：
内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>net.deniro.spring5</groupId>
<artifactId>deniro-spring5</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>deniro-spring5</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring5</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这里使用了 <parent> 元素来指出当前项目是以 spring-boot-starter-parent 作为其父 POM 。这个父 POM 为 Spring 项目所需的一些常用的依赖库提供了依赖管理，我们只需要指出 spring-boot-starter-parent 版本，就可以来管理这些常用依赖库。 spring-boot-starter-parent POM 文件除了依赖库管理还做了一些基础配置与插件配置，具体内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>Spring Boot Starter Parent</name>
<description>Parent pom providing dependency and plugin management for applications
built with Maven</description>
<url>https://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/#/spring-boot-starter-parent</url>
<properties>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<resource.delimiter>@</resource.delimiter>
<maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/application*.yml</include>
<include>**/application*.yaml</include>
<include>**/application*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/application*.yml</exclude>
<exclude>**/application*.yaml</exclude>
<exclude>**/application*.properties</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
</resources>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${kotlin.version}</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>compile</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>test-compile</id>
<phase>test-compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>test-compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<jvmTarget>${java.version}</jvmTarget>
<javaParameters>true</javaParameters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<parameters>true</parameters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>integration-test</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<classesDirectory>${project.build.outputDirectory}</classesDirectory>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
<addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
<addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<delimiters>
<delimiter>${resource.delimiter}</delimiter>
</delimiters>
<useDefaultDelimiters>false</useDefaultDelimiters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>pl.project13.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>git-commit-id-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>revision</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<verbose>true</verbose>
<dateFormat>yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ</dateFormat>
<generateGitPropertiesFile>true</generateGitPropertiesFile>
<generateGitPropertiesFilename>${project.build.outputDirectory}/git.properties</generateGitPropertiesFilename>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.springframework.boot.maven.PropertiesMergingResourceTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.factories</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
</transformer>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<configuration>
<keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>true</keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>
<createDependencyReducedPom>true</createDependencyReducedPom>
<filters>
<filter>
<artifact>*:*</artifact>
<excludes>
<exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
</excludes>
</filter>
</filters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
可以看出 spring-boot-starter-parent POM 中插件管理配置占用了较大篇幅，而真正的依赖管理在 spring-boot-dependencies POM 文件中。下面只截取出常用的依赖包 properties 配置：
<properties>
<activemq.version>5.15.12</activemq.version>
<antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
<appengine-sdk.version>1.9.79</appengine-sdk.version>
<artemis.version>2.10.1</artemis.version>
<aspectj.version>1.9.5</aspectj.version>
<assertj.version>3.13.2</assertj.version>
<atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
<awaitility.version>4.0.2</awaitility.version>
<bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
<build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
<byte-buddy.version>1.10.8</byte-buddy.version>
<caffeine.version>2.8.1</caffeine.version>
<cassandra-driver.version>3.7.2</cassandra-driver.version>
<classmate.version>1.5.1</classmate.version>
<commons-codec.version>1.13</commons-codec.version>
<commons-dbcp2.version>2.7.0</commons-dbcp2.version>
<commons-lang3.version>3.9</commons-lang3.version>
<commons-pool.version>1.6</commons-pool.version>
<commons-pool2.version>2.7.0</commons-pool2.version>
<couchbase-cache-client.version>2.1.0</couchbase-cache-client.version>
<couchbase-client.version>2.7.13</couchbase-client.version>
<db2-jdbc.version>11.5.0.0</db2-jdbc.version>
<dependency-management-plugin.version>1.0.9.RELEASE</dependency-management-plugin.version>
<derby.version>10.14.2.0</derby.version>
<dropwizard-metrics.version>4.1.5</dropwizard-metrics.version>
<ehcache.version>2.10.6</ehcache.version>
<ehcache3.version>3.8.1</ehcache3.version>
<elasticsearch.version>6.8.7</elasticsearch.version>
<embedded-mongo.version>2.2.0</embedded-mongo.version>
<exec-maven-plugin.version>1.6.0</exec-maven-plugin.version>
<flatten-maven-plugin.version>1.1.0</flatten-maven-plugin.version>
<flyway.version>6.0.8</flyway.version>
<freemarker.version>2.3.30</freemarker.version>
<git-commit-id-plugin.version>3.0.1</git-commit-id-plugin.version>
<glassfish-el.version>3.0.3</glassfish-el.version>
<glassfish-jaxb.version>2.3.2</glassfish-jaxb.version>
<groovy.version>2.5.10</groovy.version>
<gson.version>2.8.6</gson.version>
<h2.version>1.4.200</h2.version>
<hamcrest.version>2.1</hamcrest.version>
<hazelcast.version>3.12.6</hazelcast.version>
<hazelcast-hibernate5.version>1.3.2</hazelcast-hibernate5.version>
<hibernate.version>5.4.12.Final</hibernate.version>
<hibernate-validator.version>6.0.18.Final</hibernate-validator.version>
<hikaricp.version>3.4.2</hikaricp.version>
<hsqldb.version>2.5.0</hsqldb.version>
<htmlunit.version>2.36.0</htmlunit.version>
<httpasyncclient.version>4.1.4</httpasyncclient.version>
<httpclient.version>4.5.12</httpclient.version>
<httpcore.version>4.4.13</httpcore.version>
<infinispan.version>9.4.18.Final</infinispan.version>
<influxdb-java.version>2.15</influxdb-java.version>
<jackson.version>2.10.3</jackson.version>
<jackson-bom.version>${jackson.version}</jackson-bom.version>
<jakarta-activation.version>1.2.2</jakarta-activation.version>
<jakarta-annotation.version>1.3.5</jakarta-annotation.version>
<jakarta-jms.version>2.0.3</jakarta-jms.version>
<jakarta-json.version>1.1.6</jakarta-json.version>
<jakarta-json-bind.version>1.0.2</jakarta-json-bind.version>
<jakarta-mail.version>1.6.5</jakarta-mail.version>
<jakarta-persistence.version>2.2.3</jakarta-persistence.version>
<jakarta-servlet.version>4.0.3</jakarta-servlet.version>
<jakarta-servlet-jsp.version>2.3.5</jakarta-servlet-jsp.version>
<jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>1.2.7</jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>
<jakarta-transaction.version>1.3.3</jakarta-transaction.version>
<jakarta-validation.version>2.0.2</jakarta-validation.version>
<jakarta-websocket.version>1.1.2</jakarta-websocket.version>
<jakarta-ws-rs.version>2.1.6</jakarta-ws-rs.version>
<jakarta-xml-bind.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-bind.version>
<jakarta-xml-soap.version>1.4.2</jakarta-xml-soap.version>
<jakarta-xml-ws.version>2.3.3</jakarta-xml-ws.version>
<janino.version>3.1.2</janino.version>
<javax-activation.version>1.2.0</javax-activation.version>
<javax-annotation.version>1.3.2</javax-annotation.version>
<javax-cache.version>1.1.1</javax-cache.version>
<javax-jaxb.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxb.version>
<javax-jaxws.version>2.3.1</javax-jaxws.version>
<javax-jms.version>2.0.1</javax-jms.version>
<javax-json.version>1.1.4</javax-json.version>
<javax-jsonb.version>1.0</javax-jsonb.version>
<javax-mail.version>1.6.2</javax-mail.version>
<javax-money.version>1.0.3</javax-money.version>
<javax-persistence.version>2.2</javax-persistence.version>
<javax-transaction.version>1.3</javax-transaction.version>
<javax-validation.version>2.0.1.Final</javax-validation.version>
<javax-websocket.version>1.1</javax-websocket.version>
<jaxen.version>1.2.0</jaxen.version>
<jaybird.version>3.0.8</jaybird.version>
<jboss-logging.version>3.4.1.Final</jboss-logging.version>
<jboss-transaction-spi.version>7.6.0.Final</jboss-transaction-spi.version>
<jdom2.version>2.0.6</jdom2.version>
<jedis.version>3.1.0</jedis.version>
<jersey.version>2.29.1</jersey.version>
<jest.version>6.3.1</jest.version>
<jetty.version>9.4.27.v20200227</jetty.version>
<jetty-el.version>8.5.49</jetty-el.version>
<jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version>
<jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>1.0.3</jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>
<jmustache.version>1.15</jmustache.version>
<jna.version>4.5.2</jna.version>
<joda-time.version>2.10.5</joda-time.version>
<johnzon.version>${johnzon-jsonb.version}</johnzon.version>
<johnzon-jsonb.version>1.2.3</johnzon-jsonb.version>
<jolokia.version>1.6.2</jolokia.version>
<jooq.version>3.12.4</jooq.version>
<jsonassert.version>1.5.0</jsonassert.version>
<json-path.version>2.4.0</json-path.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<jtds.version>1.3.1</jtds.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<junit-jupiter.version>5.5.2</junit-jupiter.version>
<kafka.version>2.3.1</kafka.version>
<kotlin.version>1.3.71</kotlin.version>
<kotlin-coroutines.version>1.3.5</kotlin-coroutines.version>
<lettuce.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</lettuce.version>
<liquibase.version>3.8.8</liquibase.version>
<log4j2.version>2.12.1</log4j2.version>
<logback.version>1.2.3</logback.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.12</lombok.version>
<mariadb.version>2.4.4</mariadb.version>
<maven-antrun-plugin.version>1.8</maven-antrun-plugin.version>
<maven-assembly-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-assembly-plugin.version>
<maven-clean-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-clean-plugin.version>
<maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.8.1</maven-compiler-plugin.version>
<maven-dependency-plugin.version>3.1.2</maven-dependency-plugin.version>
<maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2</maven-deploy-plugin.version>
<maven-enforcer-plugin.version>3.0.0-M3</maven-enforcer-plugin.version>
<maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
<maven-help-plugin.version>3.2.0</maven-help-plugin.version>
<maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2</maven-install-plugin.version>
<maven-invoker-plugin.version>3.2.1</maven-invoker-plugin.version>
<maven-jar-plugin.version>3.1.2</maven-jar-plugin.version>
<maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
<maven-resources-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-resources-plugin.version>
<maven-shade-plugin.version>3.2.2</maven-shade-plugin.version>
<maven-site-plugin.version>3.8.2</maven-site-plugin.version>
<maven-source-plugin.version>3.1.0</maven-source-plugin.version>
<maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
<maven-war-plugin.version>3.2.3</maven-war-plugin.version>
<micrometer.version>1.3.6</micrometer.version>
<mimepull.version>1.9.13</mimepull.version>
<mockito.version>3.1.0</mockito.version>
<mongodb.version>3.11.2</mongodb.version>
<mongo-driver-reactivestreams.version>1.12.0</mongo-driver-reactivestreams.version>
<mssql-jdbc.version>7.4.1.jre8</mssql-jdbc.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.19</mysql.version>
<nekohtml.version>1.9.22</nekohtml.version>
<neo4j-ogm.version>3.2.10</neo4j-ogm.version>
<netty.version>4.1.48.Final</netty.version>
<netty-tcnative.version>2.0.30.Final</netty-tcnative.version>
<nio-multipart-parser.version>1.1.0</nio-multipart-parser.version>
<ojdbc.version>19.3.0.0</ojdbc.version>
<okhttp3.version>3.14.7</okhttp3.version>
<pooled-jms.version>1.0.6</pooled-jms.version>
<postgresql.version>42.2.11</postgresql.version>
<prometheus-pushgateway.version>0.7.0</prometheus-pushgateway.version>
<quartz.version>2.3.2</quartz.version>
<querydsl.version>4.2.2</querydsl.version>
<rabbit-amqp-client.version>5.7.3</rabbit-amqp-client.version>
<reactive-streams.version>1.0.3</reactive-streams.version>
<reactor-bom.version>Dysprosium-SR6</reactor-bom.version>
<rest-assured.version>3.3.0</rest-assured.version>
<rsocket.version>1.0.0-RC6</rsocket.version>
<rxjava.version>1.3.8</rxjava.version>
<rxjava2.version>2.2.19</rxjava2.version>
<rxjava-adapter.version>1.2.1</rxjava-adapter.version>
<saaj-impl.version>1.5.1</saaj-impl.version>
<selenium.version>3.141.59</selenium.version>
<selenium-htmlunit.version>2.36.0</selenium-htmlunit.version>
<sendgrid.version>4.4.6</sendgrid.version>
<servlet-api.version>4.0.1</servlet-api.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
<snakeyaml.version>1.25</snakeyaml.version>
<solr.version>8.2.0</solr.version>
<spring-amqp.version>2.2.5.RELEASE</spring-amqp.version>
<spring-batch.version>4.2.1.RELEASE</spring-batch.version>
<spring-cloud-connectors.version>2.0.7.RELEASE</spring-cloud-connectors.version>
<spring-data-releasetrain.version>Moore-SR6</spring-data-releasetrain.version>
<spring-framework.version>5.2.5.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
<spring-hateoas.version>1.0.4.RELEASE</spring-hateoas.version>
<spring-integration.version>5.2.5.RELEASE</spring-integration.version>
<spring-kafka.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-kafka.version>
<spring-ldap.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-ldap.version>
<spring-restdocs.version>2.0.4.RELEASE</spring-restdocs.version>
<spring-retry.version>1.2.5.RELEASE</spring-retry.version>
<spring-security.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring-security.version>
<spring-session-bom.version>Corn-SR2</spring-session-bom.version>
<spring-ws.version>3.0.8.RELEASE</spring-ws.version>
<sqlite-jdbc.version>3.28.0</sqlite-jdbc.version>
<sun-mail.version>${jakarta-mail.version}</sun-mail.version>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>2.0.1</thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>
<thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>
<thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.4.1</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
<tomcat.version>9.0.33</tomcat.version>
<unboundid-ldapsdk.version>4.0.14</unboundid-ldapsdk.version>
<undertow.version>2.0.30.Final</undertow.version>
<versions-maven-plugin.version>2.7</versions-maven-plugin.version>
<webjars-hal-browser.version>3325375</webjars-hal-browser.version>
<webjars-locator-core.version>0.41</webjars-locator-core.version>
<wsdl4j.version>1.6.3</wsdl4j.version>
<xml-maven-plugin.version>1.0.2</xml-maven-plugin.version>
<xmlunit2.version>2.6.4</xmlunit2.version>
</properties>
这里几乎囊括了与企业应用开发相关的大部分基础依赖库！
Spring Boot 利用 Maven 中的这种父 POM 定义方式，有以下好处：
- 保持构建文件精简，便于管理。
- 指定好 SpringBoot 版本即可，我们不必关心具体的那一大堆依赖库。因为 SpringBoot 会帮我们管理这些库之间的兼容性问题。
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