Beneath green surgical sheets and a tangle of tubes, a healthy young ewe is undergoing a heart-lung bypass procedure to help answer one of several urgent questions about a pillar of modern medicine: anesthesia.
在绿色手术巾和一堆乱糟糟的导管之下，一只健康的小母羊正在接受心肺旁路术。麻醉是现代医学的基础，这次手术旨在帮助解答关于麻醉的一个紧迫问题。
Almost two centuries after anesthetics revolutionized surgery, a growing body of research is pointing to disturbing side effects that range from delirium to cancer-proliferating immune suppression. Of the 200 million adults worldwide who undergo non-cardiac surgery annually, more than 1 million will die within 30 days. "You don't die on the table, but quite a lot of you don't get home," said Andrew Davidson from the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne.
大约在麻醉剂革新了外科手术的两个世纪后，越来越多的研究指出它存在令人忧心的副作用，其后果轻致谵妄，重致（使癌细胞增殖的）免疫抑制。在全球范围内，每年有 2 亿成年人接受非心脏手术，其中有超过一百万人会于术后 30 天内死亡。来自墨尔本默多克儿童研究所的安德鲁·戴维森说：“病人不会死在手术台上，但很多人都不能活着回到家。”
A paper published last month showed that volatile-gas anesthesia was associated with higher activity in a key nerve that corresponded with a potentially damaging reduction in blood flow to the kidneys of sheep during abdominal surgery. Intravenous anesthesia had less impact.
一篇发表于上个月的论文显示，在绵羊接受腹部手术期间，气体吸入式麻醉可能使一种关键神经的活跃度更高，这又可能导致流向羊肾的血流减少，而这种减少是有潜在危害的。静脉麻醉的影响则更小。
It's possible that the nerve activation associated with anesthesia, especially the inhaled gas form, is also impairing the immune system, according to Clive May, head of the Florey Institute's preclinical critical care unit.
克莱夫·梅是弗洛里研究所临床前重症监护部的负责人。他说，与麻醉（尤其是气体吸入式麻醉）相关的神经活跃，还可能会损伤免疫系统。
"For 140 years, we were just concerned about safety," Lis Evered, a neuroscientist at St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, said. "In the last 30 years, we've actually become a bit more concerned about other sorts of impacts. Now, we want people to survive the procedure and have a good quality of life for the next 10 to 20 years."
墨尔本圣文森特医院的神经科学家丽丝·埃弗雷德说：“140 年来，我们只关心麻醉技术的安全性。在过去的 30 年里，我们其实（比以前）更加关注其他各种各样的影响。现在，我们希望人们撑过手术，并且在未来的 10 到 20 年里有良好的生活质量。”
————— 文章来源 / 彭博社
knock out
使失去知觉；使昏昏欲睡
e.g.
英文释义：to make somebody fall asleep or become unconscious
anesthesia/ˌænəsˈθiːʒə/
n. 麻醉
e.g.
例句：The surgery was carried out under anesthesia.
词性拓展：anesthetic（n. 麻醉药；麻醉剂）
surgical/ˈsɜːrdʒɪkl/
adj. 外科手术的
e.g.
词性拓展：surgery (n.)
搭配短语：surgical procedures
tangle/ˈtæŋɡl/
n. （线、毛发等的）缠结的一团，乱团，乱糟糟的一堆
e.g.
词性拓展：tangle（v. 使乱作一团）
搭配短语：a tangle of
搭配短语：a tangle of wires
ewe/juː/
n. 母羊，雌羊
undergo a (surgical) procedure
接受一项手术
e.g.
相关词汇：undergo（v. 经历，经受）
搭配短语：undergo trials
bypass/ˈbaɪpæs/
n. 转流术，搭桥术
e.g.
词性拓展：bypass（v. 绕开）
搭配短语：the road that bypasses the city (v.)
pillar/ˈpɪlər/
n. 核心，基础，支柱
e.g.
例句：Equality is one of the pillars of socialism.
revolutionize/ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/
v. 彻底改变，完全变革
e.g.
例句：Newton's discoveries revolutionized physics.
a body of
一片的；大量的
e.g.
搭配短语：a body of water
搭配短语：a large body of people
disturbing/dɪˈstɜːrbɪŋ/
adj. 使人焦虑／忧虑／心烦的
e.g.
词性拓展：disturb（v. 使焦虑／烦恼）
disturb 英文释义：to cause someone to be worried or upset
delirium/dɪˈlɪriəm/
n. 谵妄，急性脑综合征
proliferate/prəˈlɪfəreɪt/
v. 迅速繁殖（或增值），猛增
e.g.
例句：Small businesses have proliferated in the last ten years.
immune suppression
免疫抑制
e.g.
相关词汇：immune
搭配短语：immune system
搭配短语：immune to sth.
例句：Few men were immune to her charms.
词性拓展：suppress (v.)
例句：The rebellion was suppressed. (v.)
cardiac/ˈkɑːrdiæk/
adj. 心脏的，心脏病的
volatile/ˈvɑːlətl/
adj. 易挥发的，易发散的
e.g.
例句：Petrol is a volatile substance.
correspond with sth.
与...相一致，与...相关联
e.g.
近义词：be associated with sth.
potentially/pəˈtenʃəli/
adv. 潜在地，可能地
abdominal/æbˈdɑːmɪnl/
adj. 腹部的，肚子的
e.g.
相关词汇：abdomen (n.)
搭配短语：abdominal pains
搭配短语：abdominal muscles = ab
intravenous/ˌɪntrəˈviːnəs/
adj. 注入静脉的；静脉内的
e.g.
词根词缀：intra-（在...里的）；vein（静脉）
搭配短语：an intravenous injection
inhale/ɪnˈheɪl/
v. 吸入，吸气
e.g.
例句：She closed her eyes and inhaled deeply.
反义词：exhale
词根词缀：in-（进）, ex- （出）
preclinical/ˌpriːˈklɪnɪkl/
adj. 临床前的；潜伏期的
e.g.
词根词缀：pre-（前）
相关词汇：clinical
neuroscientist/ˈnʊroʊsaɪəntɪst/
n. 神经科学家
e.g.
词根词缀：neuro-（神经）
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