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KEEPALIVED && LVS

KEEPALIVED && LVS

作者: MALAGEJI | 来源:发表于2018-01-03 21:37 被阅读0次

    keepalived

    简介

    1、keepalived的两个功能:failover(故障转移和自动切换)、healthcheck(健康检查)

    2、故障转移切换原理:

    ​ 通过VRRP(虚拟冗杂协议)协议实现;

    ​ 既主机点不断向备节点广播心跳消息,一旦备节点接收不到主机点的心跳消息时,

    ​ 备节点主动调用自身的接管程序,接管主节点的ip资源和服务。当主节点恢复时,

    ​ 备节点释放资源,恢复到备用状态

    3、VRRP协议:

    ​ 通过竞选机制来将路由任务交给某台VRRP路由器(竞选机制通过配置优先级实现)。

    VRRP出现就是为了解决静态路由的单点故障

    安装

    Centos7 + keepalived-1.3.9.tar.gz


    #不知道干啥 重要!
    [root@Meo ~]# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-693.11.1.el7.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux 
    [root@Meo ~]# tar zxvf keepalived-1.3.9.tar.gz
    [root@Meo ~]# cd keepalived-1.3.9
    # 解决部分依赖
    [root@Meo ~]# yum install -y openssl* libnfnetlink*
    [root@Meo ~]# ./configure
    Keepalived configuration
    ------------------------
    Keepalived version       : 1.3.9
    Compiler                 : gcc
    Preprocessor flags       : 
    Compiler flags           : -Wall -Wunused -Wstrict-prototypes -Wextra -g -O2
    Linker flags             : 
    Extra Lib                :  -lcrypto  -lssl 
    Use IPVS Framework       : Yes
    IPVS use libnl           : No
    IPVS syncd attributes    : No
    IPVS 64 bit stats        : No
    fwmark socket support    : Yes
    Use VRRP Framework       : Yes
    Use VRRP VMAC            : Yes
    Use VRRP authentication  : Yes
    With ip rules/routes     : Yes
    SNMP vrrp support        : No
    SNMP checker support     : No
    SNMP RFCv2 support       : No
    SNMP RFCv3 support       : No
    DBUS support             : No
    SHA1 support             : No
    Use Debug flags          : No
    Stacktrace support       : No
    Memory alloc check       : No
    libnl version            : None
    Use IPv4 devconf         : No
    Use libiptc              : No
    Use libipset             : No
    init type                : upstart
    Build genhash            : Yes
    Build documentation      : No
    
    *** WARNING - this build will not support IPVS with IPv6. Please install libnl/libnl-3 dev libraries to support IPv6 with IPVS.
    [root@Meo ~]# make
    [root@Meo ~]# make install
    

    配置启动文件。

    从源文件中copy keepalived的启动脚本到/etc/init.d/
    [root@Meo keepalived-1.3.9]# cp keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
    [root@Meo ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived
    [root@Meo ~]# cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ 
    [root@Meo keepalived-1.3.9]# cp keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
    [root@Meo ~]# cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
    

    执行启动服务 并设为开启自启。

    [root@Meo ~]# service keepalived start  
    Starting keepalived (via systemctl):                       [  确定  ]  
    [root@Meo ~]# chkconfig keepalived on  
    

    Keepalived单实例配置文件

    MASTER的配置文件:

    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    
    global_defs {
       router_id LVS_7          # 要与备用机不同 不知道为什么
    }
    
    # 表示第一个实例
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {        # 主机与备用机要一样
        state MASTER
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 55     # 主机与备用机要一样
        priority 150            # 优先级 官方建议主与备之间最好相隔50
        advert_int 1            # 表示1秒钟无心跳切换到备用
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS      # 主机与备用机要一样
            auth_pass 1111      # 主机与备用机要一样
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            192.168.1.112/24    # vip
        }
    }
    

    BACKUP的配置文件:

    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    
    global_defs {
       router_id LVS_2
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 55
        priority 100
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1111
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            192.168.1.112/24
        }
    }
    

    Keepalived多实例配置文件

    互为主备(windows下用Beyond Compare 4比较可以直观看出)

    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    
    global_defs {
       notification_email {
       49000448@qq.com
       }
       notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
       smtp_server 10.0.0.1
       smtp_connect_timeout 30
       router_id LVS_1
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 150
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1111
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.0.0.136/24
        }
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_2 {
        state BACKUP
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 52
        priority 50
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1111
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.0.0.140/24
        }
    }
    
    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    
    global_defs {
       notification_email {
       49000448@qq.com
       }
       notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
       smtp_server 10.0.0.1
       smtp_connect_timeout 30
       router_id LVS_2
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 100
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1111
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.0.0.136/24
        }
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_2 {
        state MASTER
        interface eth0
        virtual_router_id 52
        priority 150
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1111
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.0.0.140/24
        }
    }
    
    

    Keepalived与LVS

    keepalived起初是为了LVS而开发的,所以对lvs有很好的支持。

    只需要做下面四步骤即可搭建keepalived+lvs

    1. 在LB上做IP绑定

      绑定VIP,暴露给外部(网卡名可能不同)

      ifconfig eth0:0 10.0.0.8/24

      1. 在RS

      设置VIP地址,该IP地址绑定在环回网卡上,不会对外暴露

      ifconfig lo:0 10.0.0.8/32 up(注意子网掩码的特殊)

      1. RS回环网卡上的VIPARP抑制
    [root@Meo ~]#echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
    [root@Meo ~]#echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
    [root@Meo ~]#echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
    [root@Meo ~]#echo "2" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
    
    

    ​ 4. 在keepalived配置文件中增加LVS配置

    # 配置一个LB实例
    virtual_server 10.0.0.8 80 {
        delay_loop 6
        lb_algo wrr     # 轮训模式
        lb_kind DR      # lvs模式
        persistence_timeout 30  # 会话保持
        protocol TCP            # tcp健康检查
    # 上续相当于 ipvsadm -A -t 10.0.0.29:80 -s wrr -p 20
    
    # 配置一个RS
        real_server 10.0.0.9 80 {
            weight 1    # 权重
            TCP_CHECK {
                connect_timeout 3
                retry 3
                delay_before_retry 3
                connect_port 80
            }
        }
    }
    # 上续相当于
    # ipvsadm -a -t 10.0.0.8:80 -r 10.0.0.9:80 -g -w 1
    

    ARP协议简介

    ARP虽然工作在二层协议,但是数据三层协议

    ARP 中文:地址解析协议
    作用:实现通过IP地址获得对应主机的物理地址(MAC地址)
    条件:ARP协议要求通信的主机双方必须在同一物理网段(既局域网环境)

    ARP协议的运作过程:

    1.  主机10.0.0.1想发数据到主机10.0.0.2,会先检查缓存(ARP表),发现没有0.2的MAC地址
    
    2.  10.0.0.1发送ARP广播(我想要0.2的MAC地址)
    
    3.  局域网内所有主机都接受到0.1的广播,但只有0.2给他一个单播回复,并缓存0.1的MAC地址
    
    4.  主机0.1将0.2的MAC地址保存到缓存中,发送数据
    

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