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MyBatis初级实战之五:一对一关联查询

MyBatis初级实战之五:一对一关联查询

作者: 程序员欣宸 | 来源:发表于2021-01-21 08:25 被阅读0次

    欢迎访问我的GitHub

    https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos

    内容:所有原创文章分类汇总及配套源码,涉及Java、Docker、Kubernetes、DevOPS等;

    本篇概览

    • 本文是《MyBatis初级实战》系列的第五篇,从多表获取数据是个常见的场景,一般有以下两种方式:
    • 联表查询:join操作,一次查询完成
    • 多次查询:用第一次查询的结果作为条件,再做查询(MyBatis中叫做嵌套查询)
    • 本篇的内容就是学习MyBatis对上述两种查询的支持,全文由以下章节组成:
    1. 准备数据;
    2. 本次实战的java工程
    3. 最简单的联表(两个表的数据保存在一个实体类的不同字段);
    4. 一对一联表查询(两个表的数据分别保存在不同实体类,假设是A和B,A是B的成员变量)
    5. 一对一嵌套查询(两个表的数据分别保存在不同实体类,假设是A和B,A是B的成员变量)

    源码下载

    1. 如果您不想编码,可以在GitHub下载所有源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos):
    名称 链接 备注
    项目主页 https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos 该项目在GitHub上的主页
    git仓库地址(https) https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议
    git仓库地址(ssh) git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议
    1. 这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的应用在<font color="blue">mybatis</font>文件夹下,如下图红框所示:
    在这里插入图片描述
    1. mybatis是个父工程,里面有数个子工程,本篇的源码在<font color="blue">relatedoperation</font>子工程中,如下图红框所示:
    在这里插入图片描述

    准备数据

    1. 本次实战,在名为mybatis的数据库中建立两个表(和前面几篇文章中的表结构一模一样):user和log表;
    2. user表记录用户信息,非常简单,只有三个字段:主键、名称、年龄
    3. log表记录用户行为,四个字段:主键、用户id、行为描述、行为时间
    4. user和log的关系如下图:
    在这里插入图片描述
    1. 建表和添加数据的语句如下:
    use mybatis;
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
    
    CREATE TABLE `user` (
      `id` int(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
      `age` int(32) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `log`;
    
    CREATE TABLE `log` (
      `id` int(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `user_id` int(32),
      `action` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      `create_time` datetime not null,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO mybatis.user (id, name, age) VALUES (3, 'tom', 11);
    
    INSERT INTO mybatis.log (id, user_id, action, create_time) VALUES (3, 3, 'read book', '2020-08-07 08:18:16');
    INSERT INTO mybatis.log (id, user_id, action, create_time) VALUES (4, 3, 'go to the cinema', '2020-09-02 20:00:00');
    INSERT INTO mybatis.log (id, user_id, action, create_time) VALUES (5, 3, 'have a meal', '2020-10-05 12:03:36');
    INSERT INTO mybatis.log (id, user_id, action, create_time) VALUES (6, 3, 'have a sleep', '2020-10-06 13:00:12');
    INSERT INTO mybatis.log (id, user_id, action, create_time) VALUES (7, 3, 'write', '2020-10-08 09:21:11');
    

    本次实战的java工程

    1. 在父工程mybatis下新建子工程<font color="blue">relatedoperation</font>,pom.xml如下:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
        <artifactId>relatedoperation</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>relatedoperation</name>
        <description>Demo project for Mybatis related operation in Spring Boot</description>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
                <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <!-- swagger-ui -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
                <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>
    
    1. 基本配置文件application.yml:
    server:
      port: 8080
    
    spring:
      #1.JDBC数据源
      datasource:
        username: root
        password: 123456
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.50.43:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=UTC
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
        #2.连接池配置
        druid:
          #初始化连接池的连接数量 大小,最小,最大
          initial-size: 5
          min-idle: 5
          max-active: 20
          #配置获取连接等待超时的时间
          max-wait: 60000
          #配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
          time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
          # 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
          min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 30000
          # 配置一个连接在池中最大生存的时间,单位是毫秒
          max-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
          validation-query: SELECT 1 FROM user
          test-while-idle: true
          test-on-borrow: true
          test-on-return: false
          # 是否缓存preparedStatement,也就是PSCache  官方建议MySQL下建议关闭   个人建议如果想用SQL防火墙 建议打开
          pool-prepared-statements: true
          max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20
          # 配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙
          filters: stat,wall,slf4j
          filter:
            stat:
              merge-sql: true
              slow-sql-millis: 5000
          #3.基础监控配置
          web-stat-filter:
            enabled: true
            url-pattern: /*
            #设置不统计哪些URL
            exclusions: "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*"
            session-stat-enable: true
            session-stat-max-count: 100
          stat-view-servlet:
            enabled: true
            url-pattern: /druid/*
            reset-enable: true
            #设置监控页面的登录名和密码
            login-username: admin
            login-password: admin
            allow: 127.0.0.1
            #deny: 192.168.1.100
    
    # mybatis配置
    mybatis:
      # 配置文件所在位置
      config-location: classpath:mybatis-config.xml
      # 映射文件所在位置
      mapper-locations: classpath:mappers/*Mapper.xml
    
    # 日志配置
    logging:
      level:
        root: INFO
        com:
          bolingcavalry:
            relatedoperation:
              mapper: debug
    
    1. 再准备名为<font color="blue">application-test.yml</font>的配置文件,这是执行单元测试时用到的,和application.yml的不同之处是<font color="red">spring.datasource.druid.web-stat-filter.enabled</font>配置设置成<font color="red">false</font>;
    2. mybatis的配置文件mybatis-config.xml如下:
    <!DOCTYPE configuration
            PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
            "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
    <configuration>
        <typeAliases>
            <!-- 映射文件中的类不用写全路径了-->
            <package name="com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity"/>
        </typeAliases>
    </configuration>
    
    1. 数据源配置类DruidConfig.java:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation;
    
    import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    @Configuration
    public class DruidConfig {
    
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DruidConfig.class);
    
        @Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
        private String dbUrl;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
        private String username;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
        private String password;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.driver-class-name}")
        private String driverClassName;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.initial-size}")
        private int initialSize;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-active}")
        private int maxActive;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.min-idle}")
        private int minIdle;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-wait}")
        private int maxWait;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.pool-prepared-statements}")
        private boolean poolPreparedStatements;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size}")
        private int maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis}")
        private int timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis}")
        private int minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.max-evictable-idle-time-millis}")
        private int maxEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.validation-query}")
        private String validationQuery;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.test-while-idle}")
        private boolean testWhileIdle;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.test-on-borrow}")
        private boolean testOnBorrow;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.test-on-return}")
        private boolean testOnReturn;
        @Value("${spring.datasource.druid.filters}")
        private String filters;
        @Value("{spring.datasource.druid.connection-properties}")
        private String connectionProperties;
    
        /**
         * Druid 连接池配置
         */
        @Bean
        public DruidDataSource dataSource() {
            DruidDataSource datasource = new DruidDataSource();
            datasource.setUrl(dbUrl);
            datasource.setUsername(username);
            datasource.setPassword(password);
            datasource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
            datasource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
            datasource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
            datasource.setMaxActive(maxActive);
            datasource.setMaxWait(maxWait);
            datasource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
            datasource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
            datasource.setMaxEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
            datasource.setValidationQuery(validationQuery);
            datasource.setTestWhileIdle(testWhileIdle);
            datasource.setTestOnBorrow(testOnBorrow);
            datasource.setTestOnReturn(testOnReturn);
            datasource.setPoolPreparedStatements(poolPreparedStatements);
            datasource.setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize);
            try {
                datasource.setFilters(filters);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.error("druid configuration initialization filter", e);
            }
            datasource.setConnectionProperties(connectionProperties);
            return datasource;
        }
    
    }
    
    1. swagger配置类:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation;
    
    import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
    import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
    import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
    import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
    import springfox.documentation.service.Tag;
    import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
    import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
    import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
    
    @Configuration
    @EnableSwagger2
    public class SwaggerConfig {
    
        @Bean
        public Docket createRestApi() {
            return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                    .apiInfo(apiInfo())
                    .tags(new Tag("UserController", "用户服务"), new Tag("LogController", "日志服务"))
                    .select()
                    // 当前包路径
                    .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.controller"))
                    .paths(PathSelectors.any())
                    .build();
        }
    
        //构建 api文档的详细信息函数,注意这里的注解引用的是哪个
        private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
            return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                    //页面标题
                    .title("MyBatis CURD操作")
                    //创建人
                    .contact(new Contact("程序员欣宸", "https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos", "zq2599@gmail.com"))
                    //版本号
                    .version("1.0")
                    //描述
                    .description("API 描述")
                    .build();
        }
    }
    
    1. springboot引导类:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation;
    
    import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @MapperScan("com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.mapper")
    public class RelatedOperationApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(RelatedOperationApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }
    
    1. 用户表的实体类:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity;
    
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "用户实体类")
    public class User {
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户ID")
        private Integer id;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户名", required = true)
        private String name;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户地址", required = false)
        private Integer age;
    }
    
    1. 日志表的实体类:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity;
    
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    import java.sql.Date;
    
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "日志实体类")
    public class Log {
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "日志ID")
        private Integer id;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户ID")
        private Integer userId;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "日志内容")
        private String action;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "创建时间")
        private Date createTime;
    }
    
    • 以上就是本篇的准备代码,接下来在此基础上实现各种多表关联查询

    最简单的联表

    • 先实战的是最普通的联表,如下图所示,查询结果是名为LogExtend的实体类,这个类有5个字段,其中四个来自日志表log,一个来自用户表user:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 下图是开发步骤:
    在这里插入图片描述
    1. 实体类LogExtend的源码如下,可见和Log相比多了个<font color="blue">userName</font>字段:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity;
    
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
    
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "日志实体类(含用户表的字段)")
    public class LogExtend extends Log {
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户名")
        private String userName;
    }
    
    1. 新建log表对应的映射文件<font color="blue">LogMapper.xml</font>,如下所示,里面是通过<font color="blue">left join</font>语法执行的简单的联表查询,以及查询结果对应的resultMap定义:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
    <mapper namespace="com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.mapper.LogMapper">
    
        <!--联表查询,返回log对象,该对象有个userName字段,值是user表的user_name字段-->
        <select id="oneObjectSel" parameterType="int" resultMap="logExtendResultMap">
            select l.id as id,
                   l.user_id as user_id,
                   l.action as action,
                   l.create_time as create_time,
                   u.name as user_name
            from log as l
                     left join user as u
                               on l.user_id = u.id
            where l.id = #{id}
        </select>
    
        <resultMap id="logExtendResultMap" type="logExtend">
            <id property="id" column="id"/>
            <result column="user_id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="userId"/>
            <result column="action" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="action"/>
            <result column="create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" property="createTime"/>
            <result column="user_name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="userName"/>
        </resultMap>
    </mapper>
    
    1. mapper接口代码:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.mapper;
    
    import com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity.LogAssociateUser;
    import com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity.LogExtend;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
    
    @Repository
    public interface LogMapper {
    
        LogExtend oneObjectSel(int id);
    }
    
    1. service层的代码在LogService.java文件中:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.service;
    
    import com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity.LogAssociateUser;
    import com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.entity.LogExtend;
    import com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.mapper.LogMapper;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    
    @Service
    public class LogService {
        @Autowired
        LogMapper logMapper;
    
        public LogExtend oneObjectSel(int id){
            return logMapper.oneObjectSel(id);
        }
    }
    
    1. controller层的代码在LogController.java文件中:
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("/log")
    @Api(tags = {"LogController"})
    public class LogController {
        @Autowired
        private LogService logService;
    
        @ApiOperation(value = "根据ID查找日志记录,带userName字段,该字段通过联表查询实现", notes="根据ID查找日志记录,带userName字段,该字段通过联表查询实现")
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "日志ID", paramType = "path", required = true, dataType = "Integer")
        @RequestMapping(value = "/aggregate/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public LogExtend oneObjectSel(@PathVariable int id){
            return logService.oneObjectSel(id);
        }
    
    1. 编写单元测试的代码ControllerTest.java,由于今天的测试涉及到user和log两个表,因此在测试类ControllerTest的内部准备了两个内部类,分别用于测试user和log表:
    package com.bolingcavalry.relatedoperation.controller;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
    import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
    import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
    
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
    
    @SpringBootTest
    @DisplayName("Web接口的单元测试")
    @AutoConfigureMockMvc
    @ActiveProfiles("test")
    @Slf4j
    public class ControllerTest {
        /**
         * 查询方式:联表
         */
        final static String SEARCH_TYPE_LEFT_JOIN = "leftjoin";
    
        /**
         * 查询方式:嵌套
         */
        final static String SEARCH_TYPE_NESTED = "nested";
    
        final static int TEST_USER_ID = 3;
    
        final static String TEST_USER_NAME = "tom";
    
        @Autowired MockMvc mvc;
    
        @Nested
        @TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
        @DisplayName("用户服务")
        class User {
        
        }
        
        @Nested
        @TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
        @DisplayName("日志服务")
        class Log {
            final static int TEST_LOG_ID = 5;
    
            @Test
            @DisplayName("通过日志ID获取日志信息,带userName字段,该字段通过联表查询实现")
            @Order(1)
            void oneObjectSel() throws Exception {
                mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/log/aggregate/" + TEST_LOG_ID)
                        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                        .andExpect(status().isOk())
                        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(TEST_LOG_ID))
                        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.userName").value(TEST_USER_NAME))
                        .andDo(print());
            }
        }
    }
    
    1. 执行上述单元测试方法,结果如下图,红框中就是controller层返回的数据,可见已通过Mybatis成功取得LogExtend实例:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 下一站是一对一联表查询;

    关于一对一关联的两种方式

    • 前面的查询有个特点:尽管查询了两个表,但结果都在同一实体类的不同字段,而更符合业务逻辑的关系应该是log类中有个user类的成员变量,即如下形式:
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "日志实体类")
    public class LogAssociateUser {
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "日志ID")
        private Integer id;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户对象")
        private User user;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "日志内容")
        private String action;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "创建时间")
        private Date createTime;
    }
    
    • 接下来的实战就是如何用MyBatis查询得到上述<font color="blue">LogAssociateUser</font> 类型的结果;
    • 一对一关联的实现有<font color="blue">联表</font>和<font color="blue">嵌套查询</font>两种,它们的差异在Mybatis中体现在association的子节点上:
    1. 联表时,association内使用<font color="red">result</font>子节点,将联表查询的结果映射到关联对象;
    2. 嵌套时,association内使用<font color="red">select</font>子节点,触发一次新的查询;

    一对一(联表)

    所谓一对一,就是一个对象关联了另一个对象,例如一条log记录中,带有对应的user信息;

    1. 下面是新的实体类LogAssociateUser,该类对应的是log表记录,有个user字段,类型是User对象:
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @ApiModel(description = "日志实体类")
    public class LogAssociateUser {
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "日志ID")
        private Integer id;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "用户对象")
        private User user;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "日志内容")
        private String action;
    
        @ApiModelProperty(value = "创建时间")
        private Date createTime;
    }
    
    1. 映射文件<font color="blue">LogMapper.xml</font>中,sql和resultMap如下,可见查询的时候将user表的字段都查出来了,然后在resultMap中用association节点去处理sql中查出的user表的数据,通过<font color="blue">javaType</font>属性转为User类的实例:
        <!--联表查询,返回log对象,它的成员变量中有user对象-->
        <select id="leftJoinSel" parameterType="int" resultMap="leftJoinResultMap">
            select l.id as log_id,
                   l.action as log_action,
                   l.create_time as log_create_time,
                   u.id as user_id,
                   u.name as user_name,
                   u.age as user_age
            from log as l
                   left join user as u
                   on l.user_id = u.id
            where l.id = #{id}
        </select>
    
        <resultMap id="leftJoinResultMap" type="LogAssociateUser">
            <id property="id" column="log_id"/>
    
            <result  property="action" column="log_action" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    
            <result property="createTime" column="log_create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" />
    
            <association property="user" javaType="User">
                <id property="id" column="user_id"/>
                <result property="name" column="user_name"/>
                <result property="age" column="user_age"/>
            </association>
        </resultMap>
    
    1. 以上就是一对一(联表)的关键点,接下来按部就班的在LogMapper、LogService、LogController中添加方法即可,下面是LogController中对应的web接口,稍后会在单元测试中调用这个接口进行验证:
        @ApiOperation(value = "根据ID查找日志记录,带用户对象,联表查询实现", notes="根据ID查找日志记录,带用户对象,联表查询实现")
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "日志ID", paramType = "path", required = true, dataType = "Integer")
        @RequestMapping(value = "/leftjoin/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public LogAssociateUser leftJoinSel(@PathVariable int id){
            return logService.leftJoinSel(id);
        }
    
    1. 最后是单元测试的代码(ControllerTest.java文件),用来测试上述代码是否有效,注意下面的<font color="red">queryAndCheck</font>私有方法,该方法中发起请求并验证结果:
            /**
             * 通过日志ID获取日志信息有两种方式:联表和嵌套查询,
             * 从客户端来看,仅一部分path不同,因此将请求和检查封装到一个通用方法中,
             * 调用方法只需要指定不同的那一段path
             * @param subPath
             * @throws Exception
             */
            private void queryAndCheck(String subPath) throws Exception {
                String queryPath = "/log/" + subPath + "/" + TEST_LOG_ID;
    
                log.info("query path [{}]", queryPath);
    
                mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get(queryPath)
                        .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                        .andExpect(status().isOk())
                        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(TEST_LOG_ID))
                        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.user.id").value(TEST_USER_ID))
                        .andDo(print());
            }
    
            @Test
            @DisplayName("通过日志ID获取日志信息(关联了用户),联表查询")
            @Order(2)
            void leftJoinSel() throws Exception {
                queryAndCheck(SEARCH_TYPE_LEFT_JOIN);
            }
    
    1. 执行单元测试结果如下,可见:内部嵌套了一个json对象,就是user表的数据:
    在这里插入图片描述

    一对一(嵌套)

    1. 接下来试试嵌套的方式;
    2. LogMapper.xml中对应的sql:
        <!--嵌套-->
        <select id="nestedSel" parameterType="int" resultMap="nestedResultMap">
            select
                l.id as log_id,
                l.user_id as log_user_id,
                l.action as log_action,
                l.create_time as log_create_time
            from mybatis.log as l
            where l.id = #{id}
        </select>
    
    1. 上述sql对应的resultMap如下,可见association节点中有个<font color="blue">select</font>属性,这就是MyBatis支持嵌套查询的关键,该属性的值是个select节点:
        <!-- association节点的select属性会触发嵌套查询-->
        <resultMap id="nestedResultMap" type="LogAssociateUser">
            <!-- column属性中的log_id,来自前面查询时的"l.id as log_id" -->
            <id property="id" column="log_id"/>
            <!-- column属性中的log_action,来自前面查询时的"l.action as log_action" -->
            <result  property="action" column="log_action" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
            <!-- column属性中的log_create_time,来自前面查询时的"l.create_time as log_create_time" -->
            <result property="createTime" column="log_create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" />
            <!-- select属性,表示这里要执行嵌套查询,将log_user_id传给嵌套的查询 -->
            <association property="user" column="log_user_id" select="selectUserByUserId"></association>
        </resultMap>
    
    1. 上述节点中select属性的值,对应一个select节点,如下:
        <select id="selectUserByUserId" parameterType="int" resultType="User">
            select
                u.id,
                u.name,
                u.age
            from mybatis.user as u
            where u.id = #{log_user_id}
        </select>
    
    1. 以上就是一对一(嵌套)的关键点,接下来按部就班的在LogMapper、LogService、LogController中添加方法即可,下面是LogController中对应的web接口,稍后会在单元测试中调用这个接口进行验证:
        @ApiOperation(value = "根据ID查找日志记录,带用户对象,嵌套查询实现", notes="根据ID查找日志记录,带用户对象,嵌套查询实现")
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "日志ID", paramType = "path", required = true, dataType = "Integer")
        @RequestMapping(value = "/nested/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public LogAssociateUser nestedSel(@PathVariable int id){
            return logService.nestedSel(id);
        }
    
    1. 最后是单元测试的代码(ControllerTest.java文件),用来测试上述代码是否有效,如下可见,直接调用了前面的<font color="blue">queryAndCheck</font>来验证:
            @Test
            @DisplayName("通过日志ID获取日志信息(关联了用户),嵌套查询")
            @Order(3)
            void nestedSel() throws Exception {
                queryAndCheck(SEARCH_TYPE_NESTED);
            }
    
    1. 执行上述单元测试代码,结果如下,可见嵌套查询的方式也能将user表的数据成功获取,放入log实例的成员变量中:
    在这里插入图片描述
    1. 最后是对比联表和嵌套查询的差异,先看联表查询的MyBatis日志,如下图红框所示,只有一次sql查询:
    在这里插入图片描述
    1. 再看嵌套查询的日志,如下图,红框是第一次查询,结果中的userid作为绿框中的第二次查询的条件:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 至此,一对一的多表查询实战就完成了,本篇的逻辑是一条log记录关联一条user记录,下一篇文章,咱们学习一对多关联,即一个user有多条log记录;

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          本文标题:MyBatis初级实战之五:一对一关联查询

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