* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式,《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列,这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升,并树立英语思维;
* 推荐的阅读的方法是:先原文,适当看解析阅读,还有疑惑再看双语对照。
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* 本篇文章难度系数7.2,由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。
Why is finding "patient zero" in an epidemic so important?
【译】为什么在流行病中发现“零号病人”如此重要?
【单词】patient ['pey-shuhnt]['peɪʃnt] n. 病人
【单词】zero ['zeer-oh]['zɪərəʊ] n. 零
【单词】epidemic [ep-i-'dem-ik][ˌepɪ'demɪk] n. 流行病;传染病
It depends on the epidemic.
【译】这取决于哪种流行病。
【单词】depends 原型:depend [dih-'pend][dɪ'pend] vi. 依赖;依靠;取决于
For rare diseases that pop up now and then, like ebola, this was important because people wanted to know where ebola was coming from.
【译】对于罕见但时不时出现的传染性疾病,如埃博拉,这一点很重要,因为人们想知道埃博拉来自何处。
【单词】rare [rair][reə] adj. 罕见的
【单词】diseases 原型:disease [dih-'zeez][dɪ'ziːz] n. 疾病
【单词】pop [pop][pɒp] v. 发出(砰的响声);取出;突然行动;突然出现
【单词】ebola [ee-'boh-luh, ih-'boh-][微]埃博拉病毒,埃博拉(一种由埃博拉病毒引起的急性传染病,致死率较高)
Years could pass without a single known human having it, so it was coming from the environment, likely some kind of animal.
【译】之前经过很多年,没有一个已知的人类得过这种病,所以它应该来自于环境,很可能是从某种动物传过来的。
【单词】pass [pas, pahs][pɑːs] v. 通过;经过;度过
【单词】animal ['an-uh-muhl]['ænɪml] n. 动物
After finding out "patient zero" for ebola outbreaks, you can look at where they lived, what they did, etc. to identify likely candidates for animal hosts, and then go into the wild and collect those animals to see if they actually have the virus.
【译】找到埃博拉疫情的“零号病人”后,我们可以看看他们住在哪里,做过什么事等等,以确定可能的动物宿主候选,然后进入野外收集这些动物的信息,看看他们是否真的感染了病毒。
【单词】outbreaks 原型:outbreak ['out-breyk]['aʊtbreɪk] n. 爆发;暴动
【单词】etc ['etk] abbr. 及其他;等等(=Et cetera)
【单词】identify [ahy-'den-tuh-fahy, ih-'den-][aɪ'dentɪfaɪ] vt. 鉴定;识别,辨认出,认出;认明
【单词】candidates 原型:candidate ['kan-di-deyt, -dit]['kændɪdət] n. 候选人;候选者
【单词】hosts 原型:host [hohst][həʊst] n. 寄主;宿主
【单词】wild [wahyld][waɪld] n. 荒野;荒地
【单词】collect [kuh-'lekt][kə'lekt] v. 收集;聚集
【单词】virus ['vahy-ruhs]['vaɪrəs] n. 病毒;病原体
If they do, then you can now warn everyone that this is how you get ebola, so they know to be cautious.
【译】如果它们确实如此,那么你现在可以警告大家,这就是人们感染埃博拉病毒的原因,所以人们就知道要小心什么了。
【单词】warn [wawrn][wɔːn] vt. 警告;告诫;预先通知
【单词】cautious ['kaw-shuhs]['kɔːʃəs] adj. 谨慎的;十分小心的
Studying diseases that can jump species barriers can also potentially teach us about which diseases might do this in the future, so we can be prepared just in case it happens.
【译】研究可以跨越物种屏障的疾病也可以潜在地告诉我们哪些疾病在未来可能会这样传播,所以我们可以做好准备,以防万一。
【短语】in case 表示“如果,万一...的话,以防”。如:They watched him closely in case he should escape. 他们严密监视他,惟恐他会逃脱。
【单词】jump [juhmp][dʒʌmp] v.跳越;跨越
【单词】species ['spee-sheez, -seez]['spiːʃiːz] n. 种类;(单复同)物种
【单词】barriers 原型:barrier ['bar-ee-er]['bæriə] n. 栅栏;障碍物;屏障
【单词】potentially [puh-'ten-shuh-lee][pə'tenʃəli] adv. 潜在地
【单词】prepared 原型:prepare [pri-'pair][prɪ'peə] v. 预备;准备
If very little is known about the disease in question, tracing the path of transmission can tell you how the disease is spreading.
【译】如果对这种疾病知之甚少,追踪传播途径可以告诉你疾病是如何传播的。
【单词】tracing 原型:trace [treys][treɪs] v. 追踪;描绘;找出根源
【单词】path [path, pahth][pɑːθ] n. 路线;路径
【单词】transmission [trans-'mish-uhn, tranz-][træns'mɪʃn] n. 传输;传播
【单词】spreading 原型:spread [spred][spred] v. 传播;展开;散布;铺开
Is it airborne?
【译】它是通过空气传播吗?
【单词】airborne ['air-bawrn, -bohrn]['eəbɔːn] adj. 空中传播的
Does it live in the environment, or only within hosts?
【译】它是存活在环境中,还是只能在宿主中存活?
How long can it survive outside the host?
【译】它能在宿主之外存活多久?
【单词】survive [ser-'vahyv][sə'vaɪv] vi. 活着;继续存在
Does it even spread from person to person, or were all those infected exposed to the same source, rather than one passing it to the other?
【译】它是否在人与人之间传播,或者所有感染者都因接触同一来源而感染,而不是一个传染给另一个?
【短语】rather than ... 而不是..., 宁可…也不愿...;例句:It is better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up. 生气宁可发泄出来而不要闷在肚内。
【单词】infected 原型:infect [in-'fekt][ɪn'fekt] vt. 传染;感染
【单词】exposed 原型:expose [ik-'spohz][ɪk'spəʊz] vt. 揭露;使曝光;使面临;使暴露
Legionnaire's disease is like this, it DOES NOT spread from person to person, it spreads through inhaling contaminated water vapor.
【译】军团病是这样的,它不会在人与人之间传播,而是通过吸入受污染的水蒸气传播。
【单词】inhaling 原型:inhale [in-'heyl][ɪn'heɪl] v. 吸入;吸气;吞咽
【单词】contaminated 原型:contaminate [kuhn-'tam-uh-neyt][kən'tæmɪneɪt] vt. 弄脏;污染
【单词】vapor ['vey-per]['veɪpə] n. 蒸汽;水蒸汽
【单词】legionnaire [lee-juh-'nair][ˌliːdʒə'neə(r)] n. 退伍军人协会会员;军队战士
【专有名词】Legionnaire's disease 军团病是由军团菌属细菌引起的传染性疾病。1976年美国费城召开退伍军人大会时暴发流行而得名。病原菌主要来自土壤和污水,由空气传播,自呼吸道侵入。
So if a group of people get it, we can look to see what water sources they've been near, so that we can stop any more people from being infected by that source.
【译】所以,如果有一群人感染了这种病毒,我们可以看看他们在附近有什么水源,这样我们就可以阻止更多的人被这种水源感染。
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