①②段来自暗夜，③④⑤来自tdlorang，⑥⑦⑧来自肉丸子。⑨⑩来自蓬蓬豆，⑪⑫来自荆棘海。
大标题：Why suicide is falling around the world, and how to bring the numbers down further.
为什么自杀率在全球范围内下降，以及如何将这个数字进一步降低。
小标题：Urbanisation, fewer forced marriages and more curbs on the means of self-destruction.
以主标题提出全文主要描述的内容：全世界自杀率下降的原因以及使之进一步下降的方法。副标题提出了自杀率下降的三个主要原因。
题图体现出以下意向：
1.悬崖--自杀
2.往回走的人--改变自杀的想法
3.岸的曲线（标红引起注意）--自杀率下降
题图形象对应标题，引出下文。
“YOU KNOW,” says a trader in “Margin Call”, a film about the crash of 2008, as he stands high on a building above Wall Street, “the feeling that people experience when they stand on the edge like this isn’t the fear of falling—it’s the fear that they might jump.” Suicide fascinates us. It is at once appalling and yet, in the darkest places in our minds, appealing. It is the most damaging sort of death. A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s marks their children for life. It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure: if society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.
（一）内容总结：
首句用电影《商海通牒》中的情节引出“自杀”：当人们像这样站在边缘，他们感觉到的并不是害怕会摔下去，而是害怕会主动跳下去。”。自杀的想法使人们恐惧，但又吸引着人们。孩子自杀是家长的噩梦，家长自杀会让孩子终生难忘。如果社会痛苦得让人无法无法活下去，或许我们大家都该为此负责。作为全文第一段，用电影情节引出全文主题，更让读者有兴趣阅读，也更好理解作者意图。
（二）实用表达总结：
① on the edge: 这里一语双关，即表示实际生活中处于悬崖或者楼的边缘，又暗示了自杀者处于人生崩溃的边缘。
②. appal:If something appals you, it disgusts you because it seems so bad or unpleasant.
可与terrify, frighten互换,此处的appalling与后文的appealing形成尾韵,我们可以用来形容一些冒险的事情:
造句：Bungee jumping is appalling but appealing.
（三）重难点分析：
It is the most damaging sort of death. A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s marks their children for life.
这里是省略句，补充完整应该是：
A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s (suicide) marks their children for life.
mark这里指的是：“留下痕迹，弄污”，造句：
The disease had marked her face for life。（疾病在他的脸上留下了终身的疤痕）。
It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure: if society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.
这句话可以简单粗暴背下来，因为这句话读起来真的让人感觉义愤填膺，不能独善其身。It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure。我们可以用来形容重庆公交车事件。 If society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.我们可以用来形容网络舆论让一些人跳楼自杀的场景。
manifestation：表现，比如一个疾病的临床表现，我们会说：the clinical manifestation of the disease
culpable：有罪的，可以替换常见的guilty，灵活使用。
The suicide rate in America is up by 18% since 2000. This is not merely a tragedy; it matters politically, too. The rise is largely among white, middle-aged, poorly educated men in areas that were left behind by booms and crushed by busts. Their deaths are a symptom of troubles to which some see President Donald Trump as the answer. Those troubles should not be ignored.
（一）内容总结：
首句表述了美国自杀率现状：从2000年开始上升到18%。第二句表述了这种上升不仅是悲剧更是政治问题。第三句表明了上升的自杀率主要在哪部分人群：在经济还没繁荣起来却遭遇了经济重创的地区的中年低学历白人男性。第四句表明这些人的自杀反映了一系列社会问题，一些人认为特朗普总统是解决问题的答案。第五句再次强调了这种社会问题不应被忽视。
（二）实用表达总结：
①left behind by booms and crushed by busts,这是修饰前面的area的，意思是经济还没繁荣起来却遭遇了经济重创：
boom:a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth
bust :a period of economic difficulty or depression
boom有“隆隆声”的含义，bust有“爆裂”的含义。本句使用这两个名词，更有画面感。同时押头韵，更有韵律感。依然可以简单粗暴背下来。
（三）重难点分析：
Their deaths are a symptom of troubles to which some see President Donald Trump as the answer.
which 引导定语从句, 先行词是a symptom of troubles， the answer to 中的介词 to 前置。即see Trump as the answer to a symptom of troubles。
可以分两句来理解：
Their deaths are a symptom of troubles. Some see President Donald Trump as the answer to the troubles.
3-Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article). As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle. There is no one reason. It is happening at different rates among different groups in different places. But the decline is particularly notable among three sets of people.
4-One is young women in China and India. In most of the world, older people kill themselves more often than the young, and men more than women. But in China and India, young women have been unusually prone to suicide. That is decreasingly the case. Another group is middle-aged men in Russia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. Both have now receded. A third category is old people all around the world. The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
5-Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? Urbanisation and greater freedom have helped. Accounts of those who attempt suicide, and of the relatives of those who succeed, suggest that many young Asian women were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws. As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens, women have more choice about whom they marry or live with, making life more bearable. Leaving the village helps in another way, too. Because farming involves killing things, rural folk are likelier to have the means to kill themselves—guns, pesticides—to hand.
（一）内容总结：
段3：承接第2段内容，说尽管自杀率虽然在美国不容客观，但是在全球范围内看，情况是有很大的好转的。从来自另一篇报道的文章，可以看到自2000年到2017年自杀率下降了29%。280万人获救，是这段时期被杀人数的3倍。也不知为何，自杀人数的下降在全世界都在发生。但是下降主要体现在三类人群。
段4：承接第3段，整段介绍了是哪三类在减少，第一类群体：与其它大多数国家不同，中国和印度的年轻女性更易自杀，但现在自杀倾向在减少。第二类群体：俄罗斯中年男性，酗酒和自杀都有所减少。第三类群体：平均来看，世界各地的老人自杀率，虽高于其它人群，但其下降速度比其它人群快。
段5：前面说完自杀率在全球有所好转，接下来慢慢分析为什么？这段介绍了城市化和更多的自由带来的帮助。从那些企图自杀的人、以及自杀成功的的亲属那儿，了解到，许多亚洲年轻女性的自杀源于丈夫家暴或者姻亲。但随着人们搬到大城市，传统的控制有所缓解，关于婚姻，女性有了更多的选择，日子也稍微好些了。
（二）实用表达总结：
段一：
① beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story 在美国不容客观的情况之外是相对更乐观的报道。
② As a result 因此；结果是
类似：As a consequence / in consequence / consequently / Resultantly / Therefore / Because of that /under the circumstances /hence /ergo
③ It is happening at different rates among different groups in different places. 在不同的地方，不同的群体中，这种情况以不同的频率发生着。
④ But the decline is particularly notable among three sets of people. 三类人群
段二：
① prone to suicide 更容易自杀
② That is decreasingly the case.这种情况在减少
类似 both have now receded / has also fallen faster
③ The suicide rate among the elderly remains 老年人的自杀率仍然很高
④ on average 通常；平均起来，类似 in general / as a rule
⑧ one is... Another group is... A third category is... 整个第段落，介绍三个群体，使用的句型
段三：
① Why are these people now less likely to take their own lives? 不太可能自杀
likely：可作形容词，或者副词，这里为形容词
表示某事很有可能发生，最简单的句型，以表示该事的名词为主语。X is likely to ...。
② Urbanisation 美 /,ə:bənai'zeiʃən/ 城市化
③ were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws. 被暴力的丈夫和专横的姻亲逼得绝望。
④ As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loosens 随着人们向城市迁移，传统的束缚也得到减缓
⑤ pesticides 美 /'pɛstɪsaɪdz/ 农药
⑥rural folk 乡下人
⑦to hand 在手头
（三）重点分析：
段一：
① Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article).
发音：注意 Nonetheless 的重读 美 /'nʌnðə'lɛs/
实用介词beyond：beyond preposition 除…之外
类似：In addition to / besides / over and above / apart from
同位语从句：
注意：that 为story的同位语从句引导词，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。
story=suicide is down by 29% since 2000 (see article）
这句话的句式简单表达就是：X is a more optimistic story that suicide is down by 29% since 2000.
see article 带你了解数据来源：
出于好奇，点击文中“(see article) 链接去瞅了一眼，是一篇关于自杀情况在全球范围下降的文章（见下图一），文中呈现了一张数据统计图（见图二），验证原文数据29%的来源（见图三），再次说明经济学人写文时的严谨：
② As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle.
three times as many as 比较句型：
这个句子中破折号后面是对主句的解释说明，使用的是as...as比较从句句型（第二个as后通常是省略形式），完整可能为以下2种情况：
完整版1： three times as many as those who have been killed in battle. 第二个as接的名词性从句。(按照文中的意思，应该是这个完整版，与在战争中死亡的人数相比，ash定语从句)
完整版2：three times as many as lives have been killed in battle. 第二个as接的完整句子。（句子没有错，但是放在文中理解会有歧义，前面的lives 和后面的lives不是同一回事）
关于as...as...句型中2个as的词性和用法：
In this case the first as acts as an adverb modifying the adjective or adverb that goes after it. 第1个as为副词
The second as can act as a preposition or conjunction. If it is used as a preposition, it will be followed by a noun or pronoun. If it is used as a conjunction, it will be followed by a clause. 第2个as为介词或者连词
段二：
① After the collapse of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. Both have now receded.
动词：
rocketed 原型 rocket /'rɑkɪt/ 名词是火箭；做动词 （读音不变）表示 (价格)猛涨，飙升;社会问题急剧增多，用于新闻
If things such as prices or social problems rocket, they increase very quickly and suddenly. [JOURNALISM 新闻]
造句：Fresh food is so scarce that prices have rocketed. 新鲜食物非常匮乏，导致价格猛涨。
receded 原型 recede 美 /rɪ'sid/ 可表示质量下降;问题或疾病等逐渐减弱，好转，在文中指 酗酒和自杀问题有所好转
造句：Some writng problems/bad habits begin to recede after joining the Phenomenal English. 一些写作问题/坏习惯在加入现象级英语后开始有所好转。
② The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
句式：
整齐美观，将on average作为插入语放在句中。还原理解如下,，但是整体效果就没原文好看了：
On average, the suicide rate among the elderly remains higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
段三：
① Accounts of those who attempt suicide, and of the relatives of those who succeed, suggest that many young Asian women were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws.
词汇：
Accounts 和 drive 重点
Account 常理解为账户，这里为可数名词 表示 书面或口头的记述，描述，陈述，报告
drive 表示 驱使，迫使(某人做出极端的事情) be driven to do by sth 受到......的驱使而去干什么
造句：People are driven to murder by jealousy. 嫉妒使我犯罪杀人。
其次 ，
overbearing 表示 傲慢的；专横的；盛气凌人的；飞扬跋扈的
in-laws：姻亲 指因婚姻关系而产生的亲属。即由于结婚使男女一方与对方亲属所形成的亲属关系。
Social stability is also a factor. In the turbulence that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union, many middle-aged people saw their sources of income and status collapse. Unemployed people kill themselves at around two-and-a-half times the rate of those in work. The financial crash of 2007-08 and the resulting recessions are reckoned to have caused an extra 10,000 or so suicides in America and western Europe. As crises recede and employment rises, so suicide tends to ebb. And falling poverty rates among the old, which have declined faster than among other groups globally, are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
(一)内容总结：
前文说到为什么自杀的人数减少了，本段举例说明了原因之一：社会稳定。苏联解体，美国的金融危机，都造成自杀率上升，而随着这些社会动荡因素的影响逐渐减弱，自杀率也降低了。
(二)实用表达总结：
1. 我们来总结一下，本文里面，“对...起到作用”或者“是造成...的原因” 这样的意思，都用了什么表达吧：
① sth is also a factor
Social stability is also a factor.
② sth helps
Urbanisation and greater freedom have helped.
Leaving the village helps in another way, too.
Efforts to curb access to the means to kill oneself can help, too.
Requiring potentially lethal medicines to be sold only in small quantities... has also been shown to help.
③ cause
... are reckoned to have caused an extra 10,000 or so suicides in America and western Europe.
④ contribute to
...are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
... are reckoned to have contributed to the recent decline.
⑤ play a role
Policy plays a role, too.
⑥ make a big difference
And spending on health services, especially those that most benefit the old and sick, can make a big difference.
⑦ in part because:
The remarkable recent fall in suicide among elderly Britons may have happened in part because Britain’s palliative-care system is the best in the world.
⑧ account for
The most toxic pesticides account for one-seventh of suicides.
The difference in gun ownership largely accounts for the state-by-state variation in suicide rates.
⑨ do their bit
The media can also do their bit.
⑩ the consequence of
But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends.
2. turbulence
我们坐飞机的时候，可能听到过这个词 We're now experiencing severeturbulence...
本意是“涡流”，引申意为“动荡动乱”
The 1960s and early 1970s were a time of change and turbulence.
20 世纪整个 60 年代和 70 年代初期是风云变幻、动荡不安的一个时期。
形容词形式是：turbulent
注意：turbulence是不可数名词
可以搭配的动词：experience，go through，undergo
3. see
之前每日一词里面学过这个词，是“为...发生的地点/时间”之意，复习一下：
This stadium has seen many thrilling football games. 这座体育馆里，举办过许多激动人心的足球比赛。
Next yearsees the centenary of Mahler's death. 明年是马勒逝世一百周年。
本文后面段落里也出现了see的这层含义
“When South Korea outlawed paraquat in 2011, itsawa decline in suicides but no drop in agricultural output.”
而这段里面的see是“认为，看待”之意：
...many middle-aged peoplesawtheir sources of income and status collapse. 许多中年人认为自己的收入来源和社会地位也跟着崩塌了。
4. result
result我们很熟悉他的名词“结果”的意思，但是在这段里，result是动词“（因）...发生；（随...）产生”
The financial crash of 2007-08 and theresultingrecessions...2007年到08年的经济大萧条，以及随之而来的经济衰退...
5. 头韵 alliteration
这篇里面用到了好几个头韵，我们来总结一下：
The rise is largely among white, middle-aged, poorly educated men in areas that were left behind by booms（繁荣）and crushed by busts（破产）.
As crises recede（减弱） and employment rises（上升）...
...a suicide postponed（延迟）is likely to be a suicide prevented（阻止）.
可以看出，前面两句的头韵是意思相反的，最后一句是递进的。
6. ebb
ebb退潮的意思，反义词涨潮是flow，两个词在一起组成一句习语“ebb and flow”“盛衰，起伏，消长”
既可以是名词，也可以是动词 “...suicide tends to ebb.” 原文里面是动词。
Just the usual ebb and flow of the stock market.仅仅是股市的牛市熊市罢了。
Every marriage has its ebb and flow.婚姻生活都是有悲有喜。
Over the years, its reputation has ebbed and flowed.多年来 它的名声时起时落。
(三)重点分析：
As crises recede and employment rises,so suicide tends to ebb.
这里面的as和so不是因为所以的意思，而是类比两种类似的情况。
危机逐渐减弱，就业率有所上升，自杀的概率也有减少的趋势。
Just as large companies are having to cut back,so small business are being forced to close. 大公司不得不紧缩，小企业则被迫关闭。
Just as French love their wine,so the English love their beer. 法国人爱自己的葡萄酒，而英国人则爱自己的啤酒。
But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends. Policy plays a role, too. When Mikhail Gorbachev restricted the production and distribution of booze in the mid-1980s, both drinking and suicide fell sharply. The collapse of the Soviet Union swept those regulations aside, and both drinking and suicide shot up again. Restrictions introduced by Vladimir Putin in 2005 are reckoned to have contributed to the recent decline.
(一)内容总结：
不仅社会稳定会让自杀人数减少，政府的政策也有一定影响。20世纪80年代，戈尔巴乔夫限制酒精饮料的生产经销，是自杀率大大减少。后来苏联解体，自杀率又猛增。2005年，普京出台一些政策限制，自杀率有所下降。
(二)实用表达总结：
1. fall sharply，shoot up
一个骤减，一个剧增，两个可以放在一起记。
Ticket prices shot up/fell sharply last year. 去年票价猛涨/陡然减少。
shoot up还可以表示个子突然长高：
Their kids have shot up since I last saw them. 他家的几个孩子都比我上次见到的时候蹿高了好多。
2. sweep aside=to ignore sth completely 置之不理，全然无视
All their advice was swept aside.他们的所有忠告都被当成了耳旁风。
3. be reckoned 被看作是，被普遍认为是
Children are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays. 人们普遍认为，如今的孩子比过去更世故了。
这篇文章里面几次用到be reckoned
...are reckoned to have caused an extra 10,000 or so suicides in America and western Europe.
...are reckoned to have contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
...are reckoned to have contributed to the recent decline.
4. restrict restriction 注意一个词可以使用其不同的词性，来变换表达
...Gorbachev restricted the production and distribution of booze ...
Restrictions introduced by Vladimir Putin...
另外，注意和restriction搭配的动词，可以是原文里的introduce，还可以是create，impose，place，put，set.
(三)重点分析：
But the decline is not just the consequence of big social trends. Policy plays a role, too.
这个句式很好，表示“不仅因为...，...也起了一定作用”，试着造个句子
The extinction of this species is not just the consequence of evolution. Human activity plays a role, too.
这一物种的灭绝不仅仅是进化的结果，人类活动也起到了一定作用。
Governments can also help limit the consequences of social and economic turbulence. Active labour-market policies, which help re-train jobless workers and ease them back into work, prevent many suicides. And spending on health services, especially those that most benefit the old and sick, can make a big difference: fear of chronic pain is one of the things that leads people to seek a quick way out. The remarkable recent fall in suicide among elderly Britons may have happened in part because Britain’s palliative-care system is the best in the world.
(一)内容总结：
政府的政策能够减少社会和经济动荡带来的不良影响。比如劳工市场政策，帮助失业人员再就业，增加医疗福利等都可以减少自杀率。
(二)实用表达总结：
1. ease into sth
= if you ease yourself or someone else into a new job etc, you start doing it gradually or hep them to start 缓慢地进入，慢慢来，熟悉（新工作，新环境）
It's a big step, but we're trying to ease him into the idea. 这是一件大事，我们会尝试慢慢告诉他。
Some parents travel with their children and spend the first week or two with them at university to help them ease into college life.一些父母和孩子一起去学校，和他们在大学里度过一两周的适应期，帮助他们适应大学的生活。
2. chronic
chronic 慢性的，形容词。副词是chronically。
注意要跟chronicle区分开来，名词是“编年史”的意思，动词是“按照事件发生顺序记载”。形容词是chronological。
3. 本文里面，关于“自杀”有哪些表达
① commit suicide
② shoot/kill themselves
③ take their own lives
④ seek a quick way out
⑤ self-slaughter
⑥ self-destruction
4. elderly
年纪较大的，礼貌委婉的说法，跟old一个意思，是形容词的，不要看到“ly”就以为是副词哟。
而elder是指，较为年长者。
联想到上一篇有关“日本老龄化”问题的经济学人里面的“aged”一词。
the elderly 是指 people who are old 上了年纪的人
the aged 是指 very old people 年迈的老人
*the+形容词 表示一类人，本段中也出现了
...especially those that most benefit the old and sick...
5. Briton
截图来自牛津词典
(三)背景知识：
palliative-care
临终关怀也称「安宁和缓医疗」、「善终服务」、「安宁疗护」、「姑息疗法」，通常是针对癌症末期患者使用的治疗方法，由于物理治疗对末期患者逐渐失去效果，反而只会令患者的性命延长，从而使他们饱受更多的痛苦，因此便提倡以安宁缓和医疗的方式对患者进行护理，令患者能够以更安详和有尊严的姿态离开人世。
安宁缓和医疗于1967年由英国医师西西里·桑德斯开始推广，治疗方法包括以口服和注射药物来减轻痛苦，并在社会、心理和灵性上提供治疗护理。这种治疗方法理论上不会延长病患的濒死期，而其目的是为提升患者在临终前的生活品质。通常由心理辅导师、社工和志愿者提供所需要的护理，除了减轻患者的痛苦外，同时亦能减缓家属的心理创伤及负担。详见：
Efforts to curb access to the means to kill oneself can help, too. Suicide is surprisingly impulsive. A study of young Chinese women who had tried to kill themselves showed that three-fifths had been contemplating suicide for less than two hours, and one in ten for less than a minute. Of 515 people who had survived the leap from San Francisco’s Golden Gate bridge between 1937 and 1971, 94% were still alive in 1978— which suggests that a suicide postponed is likely to be a suicide prevented.
（一）内容总结：
阻止人们接触自杀的工具也可以起作用。自杀是冲动行为，很多从自杀中幸存的人都说，他们都是短期内就做了决定。1937年到1971年，有515人从旧金山的金门大桥跳下幸存，其中94%在1978年仍然活着——这说明延迟自杀很可能就是阻止自杀。
（二）实用表达：
①Efforts to curb access to the means to kill oneself can help.
这句非常简洁明了。首先来看两个老熟人每日一词：
access:我们已经学到过，access不仅可以表示入口，还可以表示“享用某物的权利和机会”，这里表示“接触，使用的机会”。access to表示“接触；使用”。
help:help这里作不及物动词，就是表达“顶事；管用”。
②means做“工具；方式”讲的时候，有如下搭配
1）means of :means of transportation/communication
2 )means to:means to achieve our goal.
③我们在表达“为……做出的努力很有用/无用”时，可以用这个表达：
Efforts to XX can help
比如：Efforts to curb teenagers' access to Internet Cafe can help.（阻止青少年去网吧很管用）。
Efforts to equip buses with security personnel cannot help at all.（给公交车配保安根本没用）.
④ a suicide postponed is likely to be a suicide prevented
这句话结构工整，也很押韵。
我们可以这么仿写：
Crime postponed is likely to be crime prevented. 有时候，延迟犯罪就是阻止犯罪。
（三）重难点分析：
Three-fifths had been contemplating suicide for less than two hours, and one in ten for less than a minute.
这句话表达分数用了两种，分别是Three-fifths以及one in ten，就比较灵活，而且注意在表示“一段时间”前我们要用到介词for。
Governments can do a lot to put self-slaughter a little further out of reach. The most toxic pesticides account for one-seventh of suicides. When South Korea outlawed paraquat in 2011, it saw a decline in suicides but no drop in agricultural output. Requiring potentially lethal medicines to be sold only in small quantities, as some countries have done with aspirin and paracetamol, has also been shown to help. But the most effective measure of all is limiting access to guns. Half of all Americans who commit suicide shoot themselves, and the overall rate in America is about twice that in Britain, which has strict gun controls. The difference in gun ownership largely accounts for the state-by-state variation in suicide rates.
（一）内容总结：
让人们更加不能接触自杀，政府还能做很多。服用毒性最强的毒药占据了自杀死因的七分之一。韩国宣布 百草枯非法时，自杀下降了，但是农作物产量并未受到影响。要求潜在的致命药品仅能以小剂量出售（例如一些国家对阿司匹林和扑热息痛的处理），也很有用。但最有效的手段是限制枪支获得途径。对枪支管控的差别在很大程度上解释了各国自杀率的区别。
（二）实用表达：
①自杀：slaughter 表示：“杀戮;屠杀”。self-slaughter，自己宰自己，就是自杀。同理还有self-murder，都可以跟suicide一样表示自杀。
② Put sth out of reach:使……够不着；使什么难以触及；
造句：Put the pills which are in the guise of candy out of children's reach.（把伪装得像糖一样的药物放在孩子不能接触的地方）。
③ account for：表示占据，可以跟take up互换。这个段用了两个account for,但是意思不同，在本段最后一句表示的是“解释；导致”。account for的用法很灵活，大家可以自行在词典里深入了解。
分别造句：
Females account for nearly two thirds in our community.（社群女性几乎占了三分之二）。
One cause cannot account for all diseases.（一个病因解释不了所有的疾病）。
④the most effective measure of all is to：可以用来写解决方案：
造句：The most effective measure of all is to curb access to drugs/ put drugs out of reach.（最有效的就是让毒品触不可及。）
三：重难点分析：
背景知识补充：
①paraquat ：百草枯，很形象的一个名字，所到之处百草枯萎。很多时候，很多人误服百草枯（丁香园发布文章，可点击蓝字阅读）；
关于这个东西如何要人性命，我放上丁香园的相关链接，有兴趣可以阅读原文：百草枯。
以上链接非常推荐大家阅读，虽然我们大家可能接触农药的机会少，但是知道一点总是有用的。
②paracetamol：这个东西叫做扑热息痛，也是一看名字就知道特性的（咋让我想起了花卷，肉丸子，灿灿），这个东西大家基本都吃过，感冒药里基本都有，连打着中成药旗号的维C银翘片都有这家伙。群里的宝妈不知道熟不熟悉这个：
关于扑热息痛的科普，我用“意大利华裔医生在北京和睦家医院”的一张微博科普解释，让大家不要担心，正常服用Aspirin（阿司匹林）和paracetamol都是安全的。
The media can also do their bit. Suicide is strangely contagious. When Robin Williams, an actor, killed himself in 2014, his method and motives were reported in great detail. Researchers calculated that there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months, often using the same method. Journalists should cover such tragedies in less detail, and with more restraint.
（一）内容总结：
这一段呼吁媒体也可以为降低自杀率做点事。为避免2014年Robin Williams结束自己生命后四个月内自杀事件突增的情况再发生，记者应该在报道这类悲剧时更克制和尽量避免描述细节。
（二）实用表达：
1.sb can also do their bit
用来表达“也出了一份力”，与sb helps可以同义替换。
造句：Speaking of reasons that cause air pollution,smoking also does its bit.
2.contagious
这个词本意为某种病是有传染性的，引申为“情感、行动等富于感染力，if a feeling, attitude, or action is contagious, other people are quickly affected by it and begin to have it or do it”
本文中的“Suicide is strangely contagious.”就是“自杀有种奇特的传染性”的意思。
如果想说种族歧视就像传染病，可以说：
Racism is like a contagious disease.
3.otherwise
otherwise是个神奇的词，可以用它来精简整个句子，这里来学习它“要不然、否则 used when saying what would have happened or might have happened if something else had not happened”这一释义。
在本段中，there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months的意思为“四个月内，相较于发生这件悲剧之前多了1800多起自杀事件”。这里用otherwise一个词就替代了“如果悲剧没有发生并且被大幅报道”这层含义。
再举两个例子体会一下otherwise这个释义，如果你想说“若不是因为在机场耽搁了，我们早到这里了”，可以说：We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time.
另外，想表达“若不是得到了两张免费机票，他们根本负担不起去加拿大旅游”，就可以说：They got two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
（三）重点分析：
Researchers calculated that there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months, often using the same method.
这句话很长，可以分为几个层次来理解：
首先，Researchers calculated that研究人员统计了一个数据，数据是什么呢？that引导出主句，there were 1,800 more suicides than would otherwise have been expected in the next four months，可以看出统计的数据为“多出了1800个自杀事件”，与什么情况作对比的呢？通过than可以看出比较的主体为would otherwise have been expected“如果没有这件悲剧发生的话”，后面in the next four months限定了时间为悲剧发生后的四个月，often using the same method补充说明这些新增的自杀事件通常使用的自杀方法与Robin一样。
综上所述，这句话可以这样理解：研究人员发现，自Robin Williams的悲剧发生后四个月内，自杀事件多了1800起，并且这些人通常使用了与Robin同一种自杀方法。
For a few people—those who are terminally ill, in severe pain and determined to die—suicide may be the least terrible option. In such circumstances, and with firm safeguards, doctors should be allowed to assist. But many of the 800,000 people who kill themselves each year act in haste, and more could be saved with better health services, labour-market policies and curbs on booze, guns, pesticide and pills. America, in particular, could spare much pain by learning from the progress elsewhere.
（一）内容总结：
最后一段明确了作者的态度，对于长期被病痛折磨的人应该有在医生协助下结束自己生命的权利。但更多仓促赴死的人应该可以得到帮助，尤其在美国，政府可以通过学习其他国家在这方面的发展为这些人解脱痛苦。
（二）实用表达：
1.act in haste
haste表示仓促：great speed in doing something, especially because you do not have enough time。in haste表示急忙地，如果想表达离开得匆忙，可以说left in haste，不过in haste是比较正式的表达，一般在口语中还是用hurry比较多。
在本文中kill themselves act in haste，意为仓促地结束掉自己的生命。（没有经过深思熟虑）
2.curb on booze,guns…
curb这个词表示控制和约束，同义词为restrain。表示对sth的管控时常与on连用。
比如：
curb on spending抑制消费
curb on government borrowing 控制政府借债
在本段中表示对酒类和枪支等的管控。
3.spare much pain
spare作为动词有很多层含义，这里用的是这个词的“免除（麻烦或痛苦）”之意：to prevent someone from having to experience something difficult or unpleasant
如果想表达不用受头痛之苦了，可以说：
spare the pain of headache
习语分享：
act in haste,repent at leisure：仓促行事，闲时后悔
相似表达有：marry in haste,repent at leisure，与我们常说的“闪婚后悔半辈子”类似。
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