98. Validate Binary Search Tree

题目链接
tag:

• Medium；

question：
  Given a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).

Assume a BST is defined as follows:

• The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key.
• The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node's key.
• Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Example 1:

Input:
2
/ \
1 3
Output: true

Example 2:

5
/ \
1 4
/ \
3 6
Output: false
Explanation: The input is: [5,1,4,null,null,3,6]. The root node's value
is 5 but its right child's value is 4.

思路：
  验证二叉搜索树有很多种解法，可以利用它本身的性质来做，即左<根<右，可以通过利用中序遍历结果为有序数列来做，代码如下：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
// Recursion
class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return true;
        vector<int> vals;
        inorder(root, vals);
        for (int i = 0; i < vals.size() - 1; ++i) {
            if (vals[i] >= vals[i + 1]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    void inorder(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& vals) {
        if (!root) return;
        inorder(root->left, vals);
        vals.push_back(root->val);
        inorder(root->right, vals);
    }
};