1.为什么使用Wiremock
我们在开发过程中, 有时会碰到需要测试其他系统响应的情况, 例如你开发的系统需要调用某个外部API, 此时, 为了快速开发测试, 我们需要模拟一个外部系统的请求及响应的过程, 那么此时Wiremock 就是一种选择
2.应用场景
场景1.
我们最常见的, 我们有时调用接口时需要获取认证中心提供的token再加入token到我们的请求中, 那么认证授权中心的服务在测试时我们可以用mock server来替代达到测试的效果.
场景2.
我们只对某请求结果二次封装, 内部实则是调用其他接口.
3.示例代码
3.1. maven依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectreactor</groupId>
<artifactId>reactor-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.tomakehurst</groupId>
<artifactId>wiremock-jre8</artifactId>
<version>2.25.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-contract-wiremock</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.2. 配置程服务器地址
也就是于application.yml中, 配置你依赖的API接口提供方
myserver:
base_url: http://localhost:${wiremock.server.port}/
3.3. 业务代码
3.3.1. Controller
这里控制器本身没有特殊代码, 只是返回类型为reactor 的mono, 由于本例并不侧重reactor, 这里就不做延伸
@Slf4j
@RestController
@AllArgsConstructor
@RequestMapping(path = "/test")
public class DummyController {
private final DummyService dummyService;
@GetMapping(path = "/get/{id}")
public Mono<ResponseEntity<String>> ping(@PathVariable("id") final String id) {
return dummyService.pingById(id)
.map(updatedId -> {
log.info("get id from remote server: {}", updatedId);
return ResponseEntity.ok(updatedId);
});
}
@PostMapping(path = "/post")
public Mono<ResponseEntity<String>> submit(@RequestBody final String requestBody) {
return dummyService.pingWithBody(requestBody)
.map(res -> {
log.info("response from remote server: {}", res);
return ResponseEntity.ok(res);
});
}
}
3.3.2. Service
可以看到这里我们使用了reactor的 WebClient, 我们以这个client 来作为远端API的调用客户端 , 那么在本例中,由于我们使用的服务器是一个wiremock, 那么它将发送请求到mock的服务器获得虚拟的返回
@Slf4j
@Service
@AllArgsConstructor
public class DummyService {
private final WebClient webClient;
private static final String REMOTE_GET_PATH = "/remote/get/{id}";
private static final String REMOTE_POST_PATH = "/remote/post";
public Mono<String> pingById(String id) {
log.info("processing id, {}", id);
return webClient.get()
.uri(REMOTE_GET_PATH, id)
.retrieve()
.bodyToMono(String.class);
}
public Mono<String> pingWithBody(String bodyValue) {
log.info("processing bodyValue, {}", bodyValue);
return webClient.post()
.uri(REMOTE_POST_PATH)
.bodyValue(bodyValue)
.retrieve()
.bodyToMono(String.class);
}
}
3.3.3. Configuration
简单配置类, 获取配置的服务器地址信息
@ConfigurationProperties("myserver")
@Validated
@Data
public class DummyConfiguration {
@NotNull
private String baseUrl;
}
3.3.4. webclient 初始化
这里我们为了绑定service中的webclient 到配置的远端地址, 也就是我们定义的wiremock地址, 我们做了一个bean方便使用, 注意这里WebClient.Builder 是一个购置器入参.
@Component
@AllArgsConstructor
@ConfigurationPropertiesScan
public class DummyManager {
private final DummyConfiguration dummyConfiguration;
@Bean
WebClient webClient(WebClient.Builder webClientBuilder) {
return webClientBuilder
.baseUrl(dummyConfiguration.getBaseUrl())
.defaultHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
.build();
}
}
3.3.5. 启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
至此我们的代码就写完了, 那么如何模拟远端服务器的请求及响应呢? 我们接着看测试代码
3.4. 测试
@Slf4j
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT, classes = DemoApplication.class)
//将wiremock初始化到spring context
@AutoConfigureWireMock(port = 0)
@TestInstance(TestInstance.Lifecycle.PER_CLASS)
class DummyControllerTest {
//使用WebTestClient作为测试使用的服务端
private WebTestClient webTestClient;
//获取端口
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
@BeforeAll
void setup() {
//初始化测试端client
webTestClient = WebTestClient.bindToServer()
.baseUrl("http://localhost:" + port)
.responseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10))
.build();
}
@Test
void testPing() {
//这里便是wiremock的mock代码, 可以清楚看到, 我们mock 一个get请求, 返回一个123 并带有200
stubFor(get(urlMatching("/remote/.*"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withBody("123")
.withStatus(200)));
//测试我们自己的rest接口
webTestClient
.get()
.uri("/test/get/{id}", 123)
.exchange()
.expectStatus().isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK)
.expectBody(String.class)
.consumeWith(stringEntityExchangeResult -> {
// 验证
Assertions.assertEquals("123", stringEntityExchangeResult.getResponseBody());
});
}
@Test
void testSubmit() {
String requestBody = "{\n" +
" \"action\":\"post\",\n" +
" \"value\":\"wiremock\"\n" +
"}";
//mock post 请求
stubFor(post(urlMatching("/remote/post"))
.willReturn(aResponse()
.withBody(requestBody)
.withStatus(200)));
webTestClient
.post()
.uri("/test/post")
.bodyValue("test")
.exchange()
.expectStatus().isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK)
.expectBody(String.class)
.consumeWith(stringEntityExchangeResult -> {
Assertions.assertEquals(requestBody, stringEntityExchangeResult.getResponseBody());
});
}
}
5. 完整代码
https://github.com/wallisnow/wiremock_spring_reactor
6.结语
wiremock 可以帮助我们快速实现接口调用的测试, 代码量较小, 可以采用于自动化测试. 本例是一个入门案例并使用java代码的形式实现, 其本身也提供json配置的形式. 还有其他一些更深入的使用, 我们可以根据需要在官方文档中获得更多的信息, 例如一些其他常用的stub : http://wiremock.org/docs/stubbing/
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