1. 其它
Dr. Harold Wolf of Medical Research Corporation (MRC) was thrilled with the response he had received from drug companies for his latest discovery, a unique electronic stimulator that reduces the pain from arthritis. The process had yet to pass rigorous Federal Drug Administration (FDA) testing and was still in the early stages of development, but the interest was intense. He received the three offers described following this paragraph. (A 10 percent interest rate should be used throughout this analysis unless otherwise specified.)
Offer I - $1,000,000 now plus $200,000 from year 6 through 15. Also, if the product did over $100 million in cumulative sales by the end of year 15, he would receive an additional $3,000,000. Dr. Wolf thought there was a 70 percent probability this would happen.
Offer II - Thirty percent of the buyer’s gross profit on the product for the next four years. The buyer in this case was Zbay Pharmaceutical. Zbay’s gross profit margin was 60 percent. Sales in year one were projected to be $2 million and then expected to grow by 40 percent per year.
Offer III - A trust fund would be set up for the next eight years. At the end of that period, Dr. Wolf would receive the proceeds (and discount them back to the present at 10 percent). The trust fund called for semiannual payments for the next eight years of $200,000 (a total of $400,000 per year).
The payments would start immediately. Since the payments are coming at the beginning of each period instead of the end, this is an annuity due. To look up the future value of an annuity due in the tables, add 1 to n (16 + 1) and subtract 1 from the value in the table. Assume the annual interest rate on this annuity is 10 percent annually (5 percent semiannually). Determine the present value of the trust fund’s final value. Hint: See page 280for a discussion of calculating an annuity due.
Required: Find the present value of each of the three offers and indicate which one has the highest present value.
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2. 其它
Masco Oil and Gas Company is a very large company with common stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange and bonds traded over the counter. As of the current balance sheet, it has three bond issues outstanding:
$150 million of 10 percent series 2021
$50 million of 7 percent series 2015
$75 million of 5 percent series 2011
The vice president of finance is planning to sell $75 million of bonds next year to replace the debt due to expire in 2011. Present market yields on similar Baa-rated bonds are 12.1 percent. Masco also has $90 million of 7.5 percent noncallable preferred stock outstanding, and it has no intentions of selling any preferred stock at any time in the future. The preferred stock is currently priced at $80 per share, and its dividend per share is $7.80.
The company has had very volatile earnings, but its dividends per share have had a very stable growth rate of 8 percent and this will continue. The expected dividend (D1) is $1.90 per share, and the common stock is selling for $40 per share. The company’s investment banker has quoted the following flotation costs to Masco: $2.50 per share for preferred stock and $2.20 per share for common stock.
On the advice of its investment banker, Masco has kept its debt at 50 percent of assets and its equity at 50 percent. Masco sees no need to sell either common or preferred stock in the foreseeable future as it has generated enough internal funds for its investment needs when these funds are combined with debt financing. Masco’s corporate tax rate is 40 percent.
Compute the cost of capital for the following:
a. Bond (debt) (Kd).
b. Preferred stock (Kp).
c. Common equity in the form of retained earnings (Ke).
d. New common stock (Kn).
e. Weighted average cost of capital.
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4. 其它
The Woodruff Corporation purchased a piece of equipment three years ago for $230,000. It has an asset depreciation range (ADR) midpoint of eight years. The old equipment can be sold for $90,000.
A new piece of equipment can be purchased for $320,000. It also has an ADR of eight years.
Assume the old and new equipment would provide the following operating gains (or losses) over the next six years:
New Equipment
Old Equipment
1
$80,000
$25,000
2
76,000
16,000
3
70,000
9,000
4
60,000
8,000
5
50,000
6,000
6
45,000
(7,000)
The firm has a 36 percent tax rate and a 9 percent cost of capital. Should the new equipment be purchased to replace the old equipment?
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