【聚焦】就业太难？最受毕业生欢迎的五大职业是什么？
365英文阅读计划 昨天
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Teenage picks
来自365英文阅读计划00:0005:22
Youngsters’ job preferences and prospects are mismatched
年轻人的工作偏好和前景并不匹配
Teenage picks
年少抉择
THE WORLD of work is changing. Are people ready for the new job outlook（前景）? A survey of 15-year-olds across 41 countries by the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, found that teenagers may have unrealistic（不现实的）expectations about the kind of work that will be available.
职场正在发生变化，而人们准备好迎接新的工作前景了吗？经合组织对41个国家的15岁年轻人进行了一项调查，发现年轻人可能对未来的工作有不切实际的期望。
PS：无法粘贴，自己再打一下字。
1.the world of work 职业
2.the new job outlook 新的工作机遇
3.unrealistic expections 不切实际的期望
Four of the five most popular choices were traditional professional roles: doctors, teachers, business managers and lawyers. Teenagers clustered（聚合）around the most popular jobs, with the top ten being chosen by 47% of boys and 53% of girls. Those shares（份额）were significantly（显著地）higher than when the survey was conducted back in 2000.
在五个最受年轻人欢迎的工作中有四个是传统职业：医生、教师、企业经理和律师。年轻人扎堆选择了最受欢迎的几个工作，47%的男孩和53%的女孩都选择了最受欢迎的前十排名职业。而该比例明显高于2000年进行这项调查时的水平。
【拓展理解】
About the Survey
经合组织指出，众多被提及的职业"不仅是传统型的，而且可能还会很快不再符合时宜了"。该组织警告说，因自动化趋势，10到15年内，39%的所提及的职业将面临不再存在的风险。
在这一背景下，经合组织教育部主任施莱歇呼吁学校加大对学生的职业准备力度。在本年度达沃斯世界经济论坛期间的一次专业对话会上，施莱歇指出，"你无法从事你毫无概念的职业"。他警告说："存在着一个巨大的风险，即：我们是给我们的过去而不是为他们的未来培养下一代"
The rationale（基本原理）for this selection was partly down to wishfulthinking（如意算盘，一相情愿）on the part of those surveyed (designers, actors and musical performers were three of the top 15 jobs). Youth must be allowed a bit of hope.
年轻人选择这些职位的很大程度出于一厢情愿(最受欢迎前15名的工作中有3个是设计师、演员和音乐表演者)，而年轻人总是乐于憧憬。
rationale 基本原理
wishfulthinking 如意算盘
When Bartleby was a teenager, his ambitions were to play cricket（板球）for England and become prime minister; neither ambition was achieved (a lucky escape for the country on both counts). Furthermore, teenagers can hardly be expected to have an in-depth（深入的）knowledge of the minutiae（细枝末节）of labour-market trends.
正如当巴特比只有十几岁的时候，他的抱负是为英格兰打板球，并成为英国首相，然而这两个目标都没有实现(英国幸免于难)。但就事论事，年轻人对劳动力市场趋势的细节问题很少有深入了解。
1.minutiae 细枝末节
2.Furthermore, teenagers can hardly be expected to have an in-depth（深入的）knowledge of the minutiae（细枝末节）of labour-market trends.
They will have encountered（遭遇）doctors and teachers in their daily lives. Other popular professions, such as lawyers and police officers, will be familiar from films and social media. But many people end up in jobs they would not have heard of in their school years. You settle for（无奈接受，勉强同意）what is available.
他们在日常生活中能了解到医生和老师这类职业，而如律师和警察这种其他受欢迎的职业在电影和社交媒体中也很常见，但许多人最终都会从事他们学生时代闻所未闻的职业，最终也只能是随遇而安。
1.You settle for（无奈接受，勉强同意）what is available.
The OECD points out that some of the fastest-growing occupations arerarely（罕见地）mentioned by young people. But surely the surprise is not that “user support technician（技术人员）” is ranked only 158th out of 543 professions and “computer user support specialist” appears in 229th place.
经合组织指出，一些发展迅速的职业很少被年轻人提及。但令人惊讶的肯定不是“用户支持技术员”这种职业，这在543种职业中仅排在第158位，也不是“计算机用户支持专家”排在第229位。
1.point out 指出
Rather, it is astonishing（令人惊愕的）that young people know that such jobs exist at all. At least teenagers who want to tackle（应对，处理）climate change, as many profess（公开表示）to, are in luck. America’s Bureau of Labour Statistics (BLS) predicts that the two fastest-growing occupations over the next few years will be solar-photovoltaic（光电的）installers and wind-turbine（风力涡轮机）technicians.
真正令人惊讶的是这些年轻人竟然知道有这样的职位。不过至少那些想要解决气候变化的年轻人——正如许多人号称的那样——是幸运的，美国劳工统计局预测，未来几年发展最快的两个职业将是太阳能光伏安装员和风力涡轮机技术员。
Some parts of the OECD survey are disturbing（令人不安的）. Even though top performers in maths or science are evenly matched among males and females, a gender（性别的）gap persists in terms of aspiration（抱负，志向）. More boys than girls expect to work in science or engineering—the average gap across the OECD is more than ten percentage points.
然而，这项调查的某些结果令人不安：尽管在数学或科学领域表现优异的男女学生势均力敌，但在志向方面，性别差距依然存在。希望在科学或工程领域工作的男孩比女孩多，在经合组织调查中的平均差距超过了10%。
The problem continues in higher education; with the exception of biological（生物的）and biomedical（生物医学的）sciences, degrees in STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and maths) are male-dominated（男性支配的）. In America women earn just 35.5% of undergraduate（大学本科的）STEM degrees and 33.7% of PhDs.
这个问题在高等教育中也依然存在。除了生物和生物医学科学，在理工学科(科学、技术、工程和数学)中，男性学生占了大多数。在美国，女性仅获得了35.5%的理工类本科学位和33.7%的博士学位。
Things are even worse in technology. In Britain only one in five computer-science university students is a woman—a big problem at a time（在某一时间）when the World Economic Forum（论坛）predicts that technology will create more than a quarter of all jobs in newly emerging professions（新兴行业）.
科技行业的情况更糟，在英国，只有五分之一的计算机科学专业大学生是女性。这是一个大问题，因为世界经济论坛预测在新兴职业中，技术领域将创造超过四分之一的就业机会。
But women are underrepresented（席位不足的，被忽视的）in some important fields of technology; they have only 12% of jobs in cloud computing, for example. Something about the tech industry puts off （阻止，摒弃）female applicants. Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors, which are also poised for（准备…）expansion.
但在一些重要的技术领域女性的比例偏低,例如，云计算领域只有12%的员工是女性。科技行业的某些东西让女性求职者望而却步，但她们在健康事业和社会保健部门发挥着更大的作用，而这些部门也准备扩大。
The BLS forecasts that eight of the 12 fastest-growing jobs in America over the next few years will be in those areas, with roles ranging fromoccupational-therapy（职业疗法）assistants to genetic counsellors（顾问）.
劳工统计局预测，未来几年美国12个增长最快的工作中——从职业治疗助理到基因顾问——有8个将属于健康事业和社会保健领域。
The snag（障碍）is that some of these jobs are not very well paid. Home-health and personal-care aides (with the third- and fourth-fastest growth rates, respectively) had median（平均的）annual salaries in 2018 of just over $24,000.
问题是，其中一些工作的薪水并不高。家庭健康和个人护理助理(增长率分别位居第三和第四)2018年的平均年薪仅略高于2.4万美元。
1.snag 障碍
the only snag is （that）the price。最大的问题是价格。snag
参考资料
1.Bartleby Teenage picks (经济学人2020-2-15) - 哔哩哔哩 https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv5020134/
作者：我是玛丽金鱼姬
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