欧几里得的五大公理，被认为是显而易见、不证自明的：
（1）从一点向另一点可以引一条直线；
（2）任意线段能无限延伸成一条直线；
（3）给定任意线段，可以其中一端为圆心，以该线段为半径作一个圆；
（4）所有直角都相等；
（5）若两条直线都与第三条直线相交，并且在同一边的内角之和小于两个直角，则这两条直线在这一边必定相交。
以五大公理为逻辑起点，通过演绎推理，就能得到《几何原本》中的几百个定理。即只要认可五大公理，那么，后面的定理都将是必然正确、无可辩驳的。
威科夫方法：三大关系
1. The law of supply and demand determines the price direction. When demand is greater than supply, prices will rise, and when supply is greater than demand, prices will fall. Using a bar chart, the trader/analyst can study the relationship between supply and demand by monitoring price and volume over time.
供需关系决定了价格的方向。当供小于求时，价格就会上涨；当供大于求时，价格就会下跌。交易者可以在竹线图上通过观察随时间变化的量价关系了研究供需关系。
2. The law of cause and effect provides an insight into the extent of the coming price move up or down. In order to have an effect you must first have a cause; the effect will be in proportion to the cause. This law's operation can be seen as the force ofaccumulation or distribution within a trading rangeand how this force works itself out in a subsequent trend or movement out of that trading range. Point-and-figure chart counts are used to measure a cause and to project the extent of its effect.
因果关系则可以洞察未来价格涨跌的幅度。有果必有因，因果要比例协调。因果关系可以这样解释： 吸筹或派发的力量在一个交易区间蓄势，而后区间突破后的趋势行情中逐步释放（直至势能耗尽，中继或者反转是下一步的事儿）。点数图通过对因计数来估测果的投射目标。3. The law of effort versus result provides an earlywarning indication of a forthcoming possible change in trend. Disharmonies and divergences between volume and price often signal a change in the direction of a price trend. The Wyckoff Optimism/Pessimism Index is an onbalance volume type of indicator helpful for identifying accumulation versus distribution, thereby gauging effort.
努力与结果关系可作为趋势潜在变化的早期预警。量价关系的不和谐/背离常常是趋势发生改变的信号。Wyckoff乐观/悲观指数这个指标可以帮助确认吸筹与派发，进而对努力程度进行权衡。
Taken together, these three Wyckoff laws shed light on the intentions of the smart money, the Composite Man. The law of cause and effect reveals the extent of preparation of the subsequent campaign to be conducted by the Composite Man, while the loss of supply indicates the Composite Man's intentions to carry out the campaign now to the upside or the downside. Anticipation of the direction of the movement out of the sideways area of preparation is often foreshadowed by the divergences or disharmonies that define the law of effort versus result.
威科夫三大关系综合在一起，可以揭示聪明钱或者CM的意图。因果关系揭示了CM吸筹/派发的程度，供应耗尽时CM通过操纵价格上行或者下行来发起战役。单边趋势行情的预期，常常可以通过努力与结果关系的不和谐/背离推演得出。
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