雅思阅读的正确姿势 C13 T1-2（目标8分）

题型分析

一、List of Heading

我靠，一上来就是 List of Heading 题型，这种题型，我认为是比较麻烦的一种题型，需要小心小心又小心。为啥捏？首先，List of Heading（LOH）没有办法去略读，需要对全文中每一段都仔细阅读；其次，抓主题句这种东西，不如抓关键字来的容易。麻烦啊......

List of Headings

i. The productive outcomes that may result from boredom
ii. What teachers can do to prevent boredom
iii. A new explanation and a new cure for boredom
iv. Problems with a scientific approach to boredom
v. A potential danger arising from boredom
vi. Creating a system of classification for feelings of boredom
vii. Age groups most affected by boredom
viii. Identifying those most affected by boredom

14 Paragraph A
15 Paragraph B
16 Paragraph C
17 Paragraph D
18 Paragraph E
19 Paragraph F

瞅一瞅全文，一共有6段，每一段都标上的A-F的字母，一共8个选项，8选6

这种题型的做法，首先找到每一段的中心句，根据中心句来匹配各个选项。当然，为了方便起见，每个选项先划出关键词（boredom肯定不是关键词了，每个选项都有这个词）

二、配对题

20 Peter Toohey
21 Thomas Goetz
22 John Eastwood
23 Francoise Wemelsfelder

List of Ideas
A The way we live today may encourage boredom.
B One sort of boredom is worse than all the others.
C Levels of boredom may fall in the future.
D Trying to cope with boredom can increase its negative effects.
E Boredom may encourage us to avoid an unpleasant experience.

给了四个科学家的名字，来配对他们的idea，5选4

这种题型，关注人名。出现一个人名就画一个圈。如果这个人名在全文中只出现了一次，那么在附近找答案，如果出现了多次，分别看哪里有他的idea。一般来说，考试中一个人的idea不可能会出现多次的

三、填空题

For John Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is that people cannot 24 (________) due to a failure in what he calls the 'attention system', and as a result they become frustrated and irritable. His team suggests that those for whom 25 (________) is an important aim in life may have problems in coping with boredom, whereas those who have the characteristic of 26 (________) can generally cope with it.

这种题型一般是细节题，而且是顺序题。根据出题规律，填空题放在最后，所以这种题目的答案一般在比较后面。同样找到关键词：John Eastwood（JE）和 central feature，找到文中相关的位置后再回头来做这些填空题

读文章，找答案

A段

We all know how it feels — it's impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression and indifference. There isn't even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at the University of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust — an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. 'If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from "infectious" social situations,’ he suggests.

• 任务1：LOH题型，纵观全段。第一句是boredom的感觉；第二句说boredom很难被科学定义；第三句说boredom带来的问题；第四句说还是说boredom的问题；第五句说这兄弟的书中把boredom和disgust对比；第六句说他对boredom的新定义。这段貌似没啥中心句。
• 做题：LOH题型。逐个瞅了瞅每个选项，发现iv. Problems with a scientific approach to boredom 比较匹配。文中不是说了么，很难科学定义什么是boredom。题目中把IV选项划掉，避免后续干扰
• 任务2：配对题，找人名。这段里有一个人Peter Toohey，有没有他的idea呢？貌似最后一句是他的idea。做题，Q20有Peter Toohey这个人，那他的idea是什么呢？他把bore和disgust来作比较，呕吐让我们在一定程度上避免传染病，bore则让我们在一定程度上避免某种传染性的社会现象。换句话说，bore也不是一无是处的，那么，答案中E. Boredom may encourage us to avoid an unpleasant experience.无疑是最贴合这种说法的。Q20选E

B段

By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes — one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialize in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is 'reactant' boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls 'indifferent' boredom: someone isn't engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.

• 任务1：LOH。第一句说TG的五种分类；第二句说着五中分类的XY轴划分；第三句说TG发现当人们遭遇不同的boredom是会专注其中一种；第四句说五中类型中最危险的是reactant；第五句说最有用的是indifferent型；第六句是后续待解决的问题。第一句就是中心句
• 做题：本段中心句说把boredom分了5类，在vi. Creating a system of classification for feelings of boredom中，有个classification，也是分类的意思，基本上能够匹配。那么feeling有没有呢？后面分四象限里提到了how positive/negative the feeling is，那么feeling也找到了。所以Q15填VI
• 任务2：人名匹配，本段主要说TG这兄弟，以及他的一些发现。观察配对题的5个选项，发现B. One sort of boredom is worse than all the others和文中的the most damaging is 'reactant' boredom这句话匹配。所以Q21选 B

C段

Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. 'All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,' she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. 'We're all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,' she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander. In fact, she goes so far as to suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.

• 首先出现了人名，SM，但这个人在配对题里没有出现，所以不用care他的idea是啥，因此只用找到这一段的中心句，匹配LOH即可
• 先浏览一遍本段：SM走的更远，她发现厌烦让我们更有创造力。然后用例子论证这个观点。发现i. The productive outcomes that may result from boredom匹配本段的内容。既然bore的人更有创造力，换句话说，也就是更productive，所以Q16选 I

D段

Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn't convinced. 'If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,' he says. 'In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.' That doesn't necessarily mean that it isn't adaptive, he adds. 'Pain is adaptive — if we didn't have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.' For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our 'attention system' into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What’s more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. 'People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there's that frustration and irritability,' he says Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to a state where we don't know what to do any more, and no longer care.

• 到JE这位兄弟了，本段要同时考虑list of heading，match，填空三种题型的可能性。
• list of heading，找中心句；match，找idea；填空，找central feature的关键字
• 快速浏览，第一句不是关键句；JE给boredom下了一个定义，然后是对bore的局限性的解释；然后提到了bore的central feature，更糟糕的是你越努力越失败，最后导致你不知道做什么也不care
• 首先完成LOH，在剩下的选项中找，发现v. A potential danger arising from boredom比较符合，本段最后一句提到了，如果反复尝试集中注意力失败后，就会导致更严重的后果，所以Q17选V
• 接下来看matching，答案D. Trying to cope with boredom can increase its negative effects.和最后一句异曲同工，Q22选D
• 最后看填空题。首先Q24的词性应该是一个名词。后面的due to说明它是由attention system失败造成的，会造成什么结果呢？frustrated和irritable。这两个词在后面有原词重现。有了这些线索，基本上可以判断Q24的答案在central feature 和frustrated/irritable之间的这段文字中了。就在central feature的后面一句，有this causes ...，基本上可以认为是due to ...的同义替换，只不过一个是先因后果，一个是先果后因而已。就在中间找动词咯，发现只有focus可能是答案了......而且文中是inability to focus，问题中是cannot focus，绝逼的同义替换。Q24填focus

E段

Eastwood's team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It’s early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill — it’s the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz's group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who 'approach' a boring situation — in other words see that it's boring and get stuck in anyway — report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, or social media for distraction.

• 一开头就是Eastwood的team，这一段关注LOH和填空题
• 同样，先过一遍大致内容。首先Eastwood的团队正在探索为什么注意力系统会失效，原因一是个人性格，不同特质的人有不同的boredom倾向；后面还有研究表明，越容易bore的人，取得的成就越小。我们如何减轻bore呢？Goetz又出来了，他们团队的建议是和年轻人一起工作，而不是吃点心，逛微博等。
• 先看LOH，从剩下的选项中找，发现viii. Identifying those most affected by boredom比较贴切，文中不是说了么，追求快乐的人很容易bore。Q18选viii
• 接下来是填空题，首先，两个空的词性都是名词。题目中说了2种人，一种是把something作为追求目标，其处理bore能力较差，另一种是有something特性的人，其处理bore能力较好。文中的前半部分正好有说明，motivated by pleasure的人suffer particularly badly，而有curiosity特质的人，有着high boredom threshold。整体来看的话，Q25填pleasure，Q26填curiosity

F段

Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. 'In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,' she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way.

终于到最后一段了

• 关注LOH和matching题型
• 还是一样，先大致瞄一眼段落内容。FW认为我们的过于相互连接的生活方式也是bore的一个新的来源。怎么做呢？放下手机，用更有意义的方式加入世界
• LOH题，最后只剩几个选项了，teacher？从来没看到过，画×；Age group？没提到，画×，new explanation & new cure？新解释：over-connected 造成的；新治疗方法：放下手机。就是它了。Q19选iii
• 最后的matching，二选一，A。Q23选A

对答案

Q	填写	正确与否	正确答案
14	iv	√
15	vi	√
16	i	√
17	v	√
18	viii	√
19	iii	√
20	E	√
21	B	√
22	D	√
23	A	√
24	focus	√
25	pleasure	√
26	curiosity	√

正确率 13/13,100%

卧槽，走了狗屎运了啊，又是全中

这要是说我是一边做题一边写，估计都没人信啊。肯定觉得老子是从答案推结论的，哈哈