1 SpringMVC测试

1.1 引言

为了测试WEB案例通常不想启动项目，我们需要配置一些Servlet相关的模拟对象，比如：MockMVC、MockHttpSession、MockHttpServletRequest、MockHttpServletResponse等
在Spring里面使用@WebAppConfiguration来指定加载的ApplicationContext是一个WebApplicationContext
这个注解作用在类上，用来说明加载的Application Context是一个WebApplicationContext，它的属性指定的是web资源位置，默认为src/main/webapp

1.2 代码示例

1.2.1 pom依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

1.2.2 service示例

package cn.jzh.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class JspService {
    public String saySomething(){
        return "hello";
    }
}

1.2.3 测试controller

package cn.jzh.controller;

import cn.jzh.service.JspService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private JspService servcie;

    @RequestMapping("/normal")
    public String testPage(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg",servcie.saySomething());
        return "page";
    }

    //此处是在此处指定响应的是json类型
    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest",produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
    public @ResponseBody  String testRest(){
        return servcie.saySomething();
    }
}

1.2.4 测试相关示例

package cn.test;

import cn.jzh.config.MyMvcConfig;
import cn.jzh.service.JspService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpSession;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvcBuilder;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {MyMvcConfig.class})
//注解WebAppConfiguration作用在类上，用来说明加载的Application Context是一个WebApplicationContext
// 它的属性指定的是web资源位置，默认为src/main/webapp
@WebAppConfiguration
public class TestController {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;//主要用来模拟mvc对象

    @Autowired
    private JspService service;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    @Before
    public void testBefore(){
        this.mockMvc= MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.context).build();
    }


    @Test
    public void normalController() throws Exception{
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/normal")) //模拟向normal发送正常请求
                .andExpect(status().isOk()) //预期控制返回状态为200
                .andExpect(view().name("page")) //预期返回页面的名字为page

                .andExpect(forwardedUrl("/WEB-INF/views/page.jsp")) //预期页面跳转路径
                .andExpect(model().attribute("msg",service.saySomething()));//预期返回页面内容
    }

    @Test
    public void restController() throws Exception{
        mockMvc.perform(get("/rest")) //模拟向normal发送正常请求
                .andExpect(status().isOk()) //预期控制返回状态为200
                .andExpect(content().contentType("text/plain;charset=UTF-8")) //预期返回页面的编码格式
                .andExpect(content().string(service.saySomething())); //预期返回页面内容

    }

}

1.2.5 测试报错ExceptionInInitializerError

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:29)
    at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:21)
    at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
    at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:26)
    at org.junit.internal.requests.FilterRequest.getRunner(FilterRequest.java:31)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:49)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: SpringJUnit4ClassRunner requires JUnit 4.12 or higher.
    at org.springframework.util.Assert.state(Assert.java:76)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<clinit>(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:104)
    ... 15 more

解决方法：
查询资料是Junit的版本问题，而我所使用的spring的版本是5.2.9.RELEASE，而Junit的版本是4.11，而错误日志上说明我们要使用SpringJunit的4.12或者是更高的版本，所以在更换Junit的版本为4.12后，就没有出现这个错误了