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Netty实现心跳机制与断线重连

Netty实现心跳机制与断线重连

作者: sprainkle | 来源:发表于2018-09-02 15:55 被阅读1171次

    提醒:本篇适合有一定netty基础的读者阅读

    心跳机制

    何为心跳

    所谓心跳, 即在 TCP 长连接中, 客户端和服务器之间定期发送的一种特殊的数据包, 通知对方自己还在线, 以确保 TCP 连接的有效性.

    注:心跳包还有另一个作用,经常被忽略,即:一个连接如果长时间不用,防火墙或者路由器就会断开该连接

    如何实现

    核心Handler —— IdleStateHandler

    Netty 中, 实现心跳机制的关键是 IdleStateHandler, 那么这个 Handler 如何使用呢? 先看下它的构造器:

    public IdleStateHandler(int readerIdleTimeSeconds, int writerIdleTimeSeconds, int allIdleTimeSeconds) {
        this((long)readerIdleTimeSeconds, (long)writerIdleTimeSeconds, (long)allIdleTimeSeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
    

    这里解释下三个参数的含义:

    • readerIdleTimeSeconds: 读超时. 即当在指定的时间间隔内没有从 Channel 读取到数据时, 会触发一个 READER_IDLEIdleStateEvent 事件.
    • writerIdleTimeSeconds: 写超时. 即当在指定的时间间隔内没有数据写入到 Channel 时, 会触发一个 WRITER_IDLEIdleStateEvent 事件.
    • allIdleTimeSeconds: 读/写超时. 即当在指定的时间间隔内没有读或写操作时, 会触发一个 ALL_IDLEIdleStateEvent 事件.

    注:这三个参数默认的时间单位是。若需要指定其他时间单位,可以使用另一个构造方法:IdleStateHandler(boolean observeOutput, long readerIdleTime, long writerIdleTime, long allIdleTime, TimeUnit unit)

    在看下面的实现之前,建议先了解一下IdleStateHandler的实现原理。相关链接:一起学Netty(十一)之 Netty心跳之IdleStateHandler

    下面直接上代码,需要注意的地方,会在代码中通过注释进行说明。

    使用IdleStateHandler实现心跳

    下面将使用IdleStateHandler来实现心跳,Client端连接到Server端后,会循环执行一个任务:随机等待几秒,然后ping一下Server端,即发送一个心跳包。当等待的时间超过规定时间,将会发送失败,以为Server端在此之前已经主动断开连接了。代码如下:

    Client端

    ClientIdleStateTrigger —— 心跳触发器

    ClientIdleStateTrigger也是一个Handler,只是重写了userEventTriggered方法,用于捕获IdleState.WRITER_IDLE事件(未在指定时间内向服务器发送数据),然后向Server端发送一个心跳包。

    /**
     * <p>
     *  用于捕获{@link IdleState#WRITER_IDLE}事件(未在指定时间内向服务器发送数据),然后向<code>Server</code>端发送一个心跳包。
     * </p>
     */
    public class ClientIdleStateTrigger extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        public static final String HEART_BEAT = "heart beat!";
    
        @Override
        public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
            if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
                IdleState state = ((IdleStateEvent) evt).state();
                if (state == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
                    // write heartbeat to server
                    ctx.writeAndFlush(HEART_BEAT);
                }
            } else {
                super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt);
            }
        }
    
    }
    
    Pinger —— 心跳发射器
    /**
     * <p>客户端连接到服务器端后,会循环执行一个任务:随机等待几秒,然后ping一下Server端,即发送一个心跳包。</p>
     */
    public class Pinger extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        private Random random = new Random();
        private int baseRandom = 8;
    
        private Channel channel;
    
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            super.channelActive(ctx);
            this.channel = ctx.channel();
    
            ping(ctx.channel());
        }
    
        private void ping(Channel channel) {
            int second = Math.max(1, random.nextInt(baseRandom));
            System.out.println("next heart beat will send after " + second + "s.");
            ScheduledFuture<?> future = channel.eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (channel.isActive()) {
                        System.out.println("sending heart beat to the server...");
                        channel.writeAndFlush(ClientIdleStateTrigger.HEART_BEAT);
                    } else {
                        System.err.println("The connection had broken, cancel the task that will send a heart beat.");
                        channel.closeFuture();
                        throw new RuntimeException();
                    }
                }
            }, second, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
            future.addListener(new GenericFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(Future future) throws Exception {
                    if (future.isSuccess()) {
                        ping(channel);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            // 当Channel已经断开的情况下, 仍然发送数据, 会抛异常, 该方法会被调用.
            cause.printStackTrace();
            ctx.close();
        }
    }
    
    ClientHandlersInitializer —— 客户端处理器集合的初始化类
    public class ClientHandlersInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    
        private ReconnectHandler reconnectHandler;
        private EchoHandler echoHandler;
    
        public ClientHandlersInitializer(TcpClient tcpClient) {
            Assert.notNull(tcpClient, "TcpClient can not be null.");
            this.reconnectHandler = new ReconnectHandler(tcpClient);
            this.echoHandler = new EchoHandler();
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
            pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            pipeline.addLast(new Pinger());
        }
    }
    

    注: 上面的Handler集合,除了Pinger,其他都是编解码器和解决粘包,可以忽略。

    TcpClient —— TCP连接的客户端
    public class TcpClient {
    
        private String host;
        private int port;
        private Bootstrap bootstrap;
        /** 将<code>Channel</code>保存起来, 可用于在其他非handler的地方发送数据 */
        private Channel channel;
    
        public TcpClient(String host, int port) {
            this(host, port, new ExponentialBackOffRetry(1000, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60 * 1000));
        }
    
        public TcpClient(String host, int port, RetryPolicy retryPolicy) {
            this.host = host;
            this.port = port;
            init();
        }
    
        /**
         * 向远程TCP服务器请求连接
         */
        public void connect() {
            synchronized (bootstrap) {
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port);
                this.channel = future.channel();
            }
        }
    
        private void init() {
            EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            // bootstrap 可重用, 只需在TcpClient实例化的时候初始化即可.
            bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ClientHandlersInitializer(TcpClient.this));
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TcpClient tcpClient = new TcpClient("localhost", 2222);
            tcpClient.connect();
        }
    
    }
    

    Server端

    ServerIdleStateTrigger —— 断连触发器
    /**
     * <p>在规定时间内未收到客户端的任何数据包, 将主动断开该连接</p>
     */
    public class ServerIdleStateTrigger extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
        @Override
        public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {
            if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
                IdleState state = ((IdleStateEvent) evt).state();
                if (state == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
                    // 在规定时间内没有收到客户端的上行数据, 主动断开连接
                    ctx.disconnect();
                }
            } else {
                super.userEventTriggered(ctx, evt);
            }
        }
    }
    
    ServerBizHandler —— 服务器端的业务处理器
    /**
     * <p>收到来自客户端的数据包后, 直接在控制台打印出来.</p>
     */
    @ChannelHandler.Sharable
    public class ServerBizHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
    
        private final String REC_HEART_BEAT = "I had received the heart beat!";
    
        @Override
        protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String data) throws Exception {
            try {
                System.out.println("receive data: " + data);
    //            ctx.writeAndFlush(REC_HEART_BEAT);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("Established connection with the remote client.");
    
            // do something
    
            ctx.fireChannelActive();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("Disconnected with the remote client.");
    
            // do something
    
            ctx.fireChannelInactive();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
            cause.printStackTrace();
            ctx.close();
        }
    }
    
    ServerHandlerInitializer —— 服务器端处理器集合的初始化类
    /**
     * <p>用于初始化服务器端涉及到的所有<code>Handler</code></p>
     */
    public class ServerHandlerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            ch.pipeline().addLast("idleStateHandler", new IdleStateHandler(5, 0, 0));
            ch.pipeline().addLast("idleStateTrigger", new ServerIdleStateTrigger());
            ch.pipeline().addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
            ch.pipeline().addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
            ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
            ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
            ch.pipeline().addLast("bizHandler", new ServerBizHandler());
        }
    
    }
    

    注:new IdleStateHandler(5, 0, 0)handler代表如果在5秒内没有收到来自客户端的任何数据包(包括但不限于心跳包),将会主动断开与该客户端的连接。

    TcpServer —— 服务器端
    public class TcpServer {
        private int port;
        private ServerHandlerInitializer serverHandlerInitializer;
    
        public TcpServer(int port) {
            this.port = port;
            this.serverHandlerInitializer = new ServerHandlerInitializer();
        }
    
        public void start() {
            EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
            EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            try {
                ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                        .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                        .childHandler(this.serverHandlerInitializer);
                // 绑定端口,开始接收进来的连接
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
    
                System.out.println("Server start listen at " + port);
                future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
                workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            int port = 2222;
            new TcpServer(port).start();
        }
    }
    

    至此,所有代码已经编写完毕。

    测试

    首先启动客户端,再启动服务器端。启动完成后,在客户端的控制台上,可以看到打印如下类似日志:


    客户端控制台输出的日志

    在服务器端可以看到控制台输出了类似如下的日志:


    服务器端控制台输出的日志
    可以看到,客户端在发送4个心跳包后,第5个包因为等待时间较长,等到真正发送的时候,发现连接已断开了;而服务器端收到客户端的4个心跳数据包后,迟迟等不到下一个数据包,所以果断断开该连接。

    异常情况

    在测试过程中,有可能会出现如下情况:

    异常情况
    出现这种情况的原因是:在连接已断开的情况下,仍然向服务器端发送心跳包。虽然在发送心跳包之前会使用channel.isActive()判断连接是否可用,但也有可能上一刻判断结果为可用,但下一刻发送数据包之前,连接就断了。

    目前尚未找到优雅处理这种情况的方案,各位看官如果有好的解决方案,还望不吝赐教。拜谢!!!

    断线重连

    断线重连这里就不过多介绍,相信各位都知道是怎么回事。这里只说大致思路,然后直接上代码。

    实现思路

    客户端在监测到与服务器端的连接断开后,或者一开始就无法连接的情况下,使用指定的重连策略进行重连操作,直到重新建立连接或重试次数耗尽。

    对于如何监测连接是否断开,则是通过重写ChannelInboundHandler#channelInactive来实现,但连接不可用,该方法会被触发,所以只需要在该方法做好重连工作即可。

    代码实现

    注:以下代码都是在上面心跳机制的基础上修改/添加的。

    因为断线重连是客户端的工作,所以只需对客户端代码进行修改。

    重试策略

    RetryPolicy —— 重试策略接口

    public interface RetryPolicy {
    
        /**
         * Called when an operation has failed for some reason. This method should return
         * true to make another attempt.
         *
         * @param retryCount the number of times retried so far (0 the first time)
         * @return true/false
         */
        boolean allowRetry(int retryCount);
    
        /**
         * get sleep time in ms of current retry count.
         *
         * @param retryCount current retry count
         * @return the time to sleep
         */
        long getSleepTimeMs(int retryCount);
    }
    

    ExponentialBackOffRetry —— 重连策略的默认实现

    /**
     * <p>Retry policy that retries a set number of times with increasing sleep time between retries</p>
     */
    public class ExponentialBackOffRetry implements RetryPolicy {
    
        private static final int MAX_RETRIES_LIMIT = 29;
        private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_SLEEP_MS = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    
        private final Random random = new Random();
        private final long baseSleepTimeMs;
        private final int maxRetries;
        private final int maxSleepMs;
    
        public ExponentialBackOffRetry(int baseSleepTimeMs, int maxRetries) {
            this(baseSleepTimeMs, maxRetries, DEFAULT_MAX_SLEEP_MS);
        }
    
        public ExponentialBackOffRetry(int baseSleepTimeMs, int maxRetries, int maxSleepMs) {
            this.maxRetries = maxRetries;
            this.baseSleepTimeMs = baseSleepTimeMs;
            this.maxSleepMs = maxSleepMs;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean allowRetry(int retryCount) {
            if (retryCount < maxRetries) {
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    
        @Override
        public long getSleepTimeMs(int retryCount) {
            if (retryCount < 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("retries count must greater than 0.");
            }
            if (retryCount > MAX_RETRIES_LIMIT) {
                System.out.println(String.format("maxRetries too large (%d). Pinning to %d", maxRetries, MAX_RETRIES_LIMIT));
                retryCount = MAX_RETRIES_LIMIT;
            }
            long sleepMs = baseSleepTimeMs * Math.max(1, random.nextInt(1 << retryCount));
            if (sleepMs > maxSleepMs) {
                System.out.println(String.format("Sleep extension too large (%d). Pinning to %d", sleepMs, maxSleepMs));
                sleepMs = maxSleepMs;
            }
            return sleepMs;
        }
    }
    

    ReconnectHandler—— 重连处理器

    @ChannelHandler.Sharable
    public class ReconnectHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
    
        private int retries = 0;
        private RetryPolicy retryPolicy;
    
        private TcpClient tcpClient;
    
        public ReconnectHandler(TcpClient tcpClient) {
            this.tcpClient = tcpClient;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("Successfully established a connection to the server.");
            retries = 0;
            ctx.fireChannelActive();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
            if (retries == 0) {
                System.err.println("Lost the TCP connection with the server.");
                ctx.close();
            }
    
            boolean allowRetry = getRetryPolicy().allowRetry(retries);
            if (allowRetry) {
    
                long sleepTimeMs = getRetryPolicy().getSleepTimeMs(retries);
    
                System.out.println(String.format("Try to reconnect to the server after %dms. Retry count: %d.", sleepTimeMs, ++retries));
    
                final EventLoop eventLoop = ctx.channel().eventLoop();
                eventLoop.schedule(() -> {
                    System.out.println("Reconnecting ...");
                    tcpClient.connect();
                }, sleepTimeMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            }
            ctx.fireChannelInactive();
        }
    
    
        private RetryPolicy getRetryPolicy() {
            if (this.retryPolicy == null) {
                this.retryPolicy = tcpClient.getRetryPolicy();
            }
            return this.retryPolicy;
        }
    }
    

    ClientHandlersInitializer

    在之前的基础上,添加了重连处理器ReconnectHandler

    public class ClientHandlersInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    
        private ReconnectHandler reconnectHandler;
        private EchoHandler echoHandler;
    
        public ClientHandlersInitializer(TcpClient tcpClient) {
            Assert.notNull(tcpClient, "TcpClient can not be null.");
            this.reconnectHandler = new ReconnectHandler(tcpClient);
            this.echoHandler = new EchoHandler();
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
            pipeline.addLast(this.reconnectHandler);
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
            pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
            pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
            pipeline.addLast(new Pinger());
        }
    }
    

    TcpClient

    在之前的基础上添加重连、重连策略的支持。

    public class TcpClient {
    
        private String host;
        private int port;
        private Bootstrap bootstrap;
        /** 重连策略 */
        private RetryPolicy retryPolicy;
        /** 将<code>Channel</code>保存起来, 可用于在其他非handler的地方发送数据 */
        private Channel channel;
    
        public TcpClient(String host, int port) {
            this(host, port, new ExponentialBackOffRetry(1000, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60 * 1000));
        }
    
        public TcpClient(String host, int port, RetryPolicy retryPolicy) {
            this.host = host;
            this.port = port;
            this.retryPolicy = retryPolicy;
            init();
        }
    
        /**
         * 向远程TCP服务器请求连接
         */
        public void connect() {
            synchronized (bootstrap) {
                ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port);
                future.addListener(getConnectionListener());
                this.channel = future.channel();
            }
        }
    
        public RetryPolicy getRetryPolicy() {
            return retryPolicy;
        }
    
        private void init() {
            EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            // bootstrap 可重用, 只需在TcpClient实例化的时候初始化即可.
            bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group)
                    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new ClientHandlersInitializer(TcpClient.this));
        }
    
        private ChannelFutureListener getConnectionListener() {
            return new ChannelFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                    if (!future.isSuccess()) {
                        future.channel().pipeline().fireChannelInactive();
                    }
                }
            };
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TcpClient tcpClient = new TcpClient("localhost", 2222);
            tcpClient.connect();
        }
    
    }
    

    测试

    在测试之前,为了避开 Connection reset by peer 异常,可以稍微修改Pingerping()方法,添加if (second == 5)的条件判断。如下:

    private void ping(Channel channel) {
            int second = Math.max(1, random.nextInt(baseRandom));
            if (second == 5) {
                second = 6;
            }
            System.out.println("next heart beat will send after " + second + "s.");
            ScheduledFuture<?> future = channel.eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (channel.isActive()) {
                        System.out.println("sending heart beat to the server...");
                        channel.writeAndFlush(ClientIdleStateTrigger.HEART_BEAT);
                    } else {
                        System.err.println("The connection had broken, cancel the task that will send a heart beat.");
                        channel.closeFuture();
                        throw new RuntimeException();
                    }
                }
            }, second, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
            future.addListener(new GenericFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(Future future) throws Exception {
                    if (future.isSuccess()) {
                        ping(channel);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    

    启动客户端

    先只启动客户端,观察控制台输出,可以看到类似如下日志:


    断线重连测试——客户端控制台输出

    可以看到,当客户端发现无法连接到服务器端,所以一直尝试重连。随着重试次数增加,重试时间间隔越大,但又不想无限增大下去,所以需要定一个阈值,比如60s。如上图所示,当下一次重试时间超过60s时,会打印Sleep extension too large(*). Pinning to 60000,单位为ms。出现这句话的意思是,计算出来的时间超过阈值(60s),所以把真正睡眠的时间重置为阈值(60s)。

    启动服务器端

    接着启动服务器端,然后继续观察客户端控制台输出。

    断线重连测试——服务器端启动后客户端控制台输出
    可以看到,在第9次重试失败后,第10次重试之前,启动的服务器,所以第10次重连的结果为Successfully established a connection to the server.,即成功连接到服务器。接下来因为还是不定时ping服务器,所以出现断线重连、断线重连的循环。

    扩展

    在不同环境,可能会有不同的重连需求。有不同的重连需求的,只需自己实现RetryPolicy接口,然后在创建TcpClient的时候覆盖默认的重连策略即可。

    完!!!

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