2019-03-08

ARCADE

拱廊

An arcade (or colonnade) is a covered passage or walkway usually adjacent to the street right-of-way and parallel to the building facade. The street side is usually open and defined by a succession of columns that support arches or lintels (the latter form is referred to as trabeated). The arcade is an element of the building facade, and can be integrated into the mass of the building or an additive appendage. 

拱廊(或柱廊)是一种有盖的通道或人行道，通常毗邻街道右侧，平行于建筑立面。街道一侧通常是开放的，空间由一系列支撑拱门或楣柱的柱子定义(后一种形式称为trabeated)。骑楼是建筑立面的一个元素，可以整合到建筑的体量中去，或者作为主体建筑的附属部分。

Arcades provide shade and protection for pedestrians in inclement weather. This works best if all buildings on a street adhere to the same set of guidelines so that the pedestrian experience through the arcade is continuous and uninterrupted. The city of Bologna, Italy, is a stellar example of a multitude of buildings adhering to the same design intent. The city boasts 17 miles (28 km) of arcades that protect pedestrians.

在恶劣天气时，拱廊为行人提供阴凉和庇护。如果街道上所有的建筑遵循相同的原则，行人穿过拱廊的体验是连续的、不间断的，那么效果最好。意大利博洛尼亚市是众多建筑遵循相同设计意图的典范。这座城市拥有17英里(28公里)长的拱廊来保护行人。

When an arcade span the entire sidewalk, it creates the most urban frontage type. This condition reduces the distance between building faces on either side of the street and creates maximum enclosure.

当一个拱廊横跨整个人行道时，它创造了最经典的城市临街空间类型。这种情况减少了街道两侧建筑之间的距离，创造了最大封闭空间。

Light and shadow on the flooring along with the spacing of columns create a rhythmic walking experience that helps reduce the perceived distance of travel. Columns are commonly spaced 6 to 24 feet (1.8 to 7.3 meters) apart.

随柱廊空间及而来的地上的光影创造了一种有节奏韵律的步行体验，有助于减少通行距离的感知。柱子之间通常间隔6到24英尺(1.8到7.3米)。

意大利博洛尼亚，一条拱廊沿着街道缓缓拐过街角。 连拱廊比例 以上三个剖面是拱廊的图示，横跨在人行道上，创造出一种强烈的城市沿街立面。行人受到保护，免受恶劣天气和移动车辆的影响。三个图示中建筑面对面的距离不变都是40英尺（12.2米），但是高宽比不同，创造出更强烈的封闭感。