（一） Actions and change.
1,To replace something means to put something else in its place替换某物的意思是把别的东西放到它的位置上
2,When something gets old and begins to break down , it may need to be replaced当某样东西变老并开始发生故障时，它可能需要更换
测验的句子：The person who replaces someone is the person's replacement代替某人的人就是这个人的替代者
3,To tear something down means to break it apart。To tear something down的意思是把某物拆开
4,To tear a person down means to hurt them by saying negative things about them把一个人打倒就是说他们的坏话来伤害他们。
测验的句子：When the old school building was torn down , it was replaced by a hotel旧校舍被拆毁后，被一家旅馆所取代。
5,To construct something means to build it or put it together构建某物意味着建造或组合它
6,Large construction projects include buildings , bridges , and organizations大型建设项目包括建筑物、桥梁和组织机构
7,The opposite of " constructive " is destructive“建设性”的反面是破坏性的。
测验的句子：Destructive comments in a discussion can be very negative and cause bad feelings在讨论中，破坏性的评论可能是非常消极的，会引起不好的感觉
8,To organize something means to arrange things in an orderly , logical way组织某事意味着以一种有序的、合乎逻辑的方式安排事物。
9,An organization is something that has a logical structure , such as a well-managed company组织是具有逻辑结构的东西，例如管理良好的公司
测验：They are too disorganized to get anything done on time他们太没有条理，不能按时完成任何事
10,To support something such as an idea is to help or add strength to it支持某个想法，就是帮助或增强它的力量。
11,The opposite of " support " is " to undermine or weaken“支持”的反义词是“破坏或削弱”
测验的句子：①When a person leaves a company , the person may need to be replaced by someone else当一个人离开公司时，这个人可能需要被其他人替代
②It may take a long time to tear down a big building拆掉一座大建筑物可能要花很长时间
③The earthquake destroyed several buildings and left many people without homes地震摧毁了几座建筑物，许多人无家可归。
④Some people are poorly organized so they have a hard time finding things有些人组织能力不好，所以很难找到东西
⑤ If you support someone, it means you are trying to help them succeed.如果你支持某人，这意味着你正在努力帮助他们成功。
⑥ The opposite of “construct”is “tear down”.与“构造”相反的是“分解”。
⑦ An event or party can be well organized, poorly organized or completely disorganized.一个活动或聚会可以组织得很好、组织得很差或完全没有组织。
⑧To be constructive means to help build an idea or process by contributing something helpful , such as positive feedback有建设性是指通过贡献一些有用的东西来帮助建立一个想法或过程，比如积极的反馈
⑨When things are not arranged well , you need to organize当事情安排得不好时，你需要组织
（二） Types of Information.
1,Public
①、Public information is available to anyone who wants to know it任何想知道的人都可以得到公共信息
②、If a store is open to the public , it means anyone can come in如果一家商店对公众开放，这意味着任何人都可以进来
测验：Many people make money by investing in publlc companies许多人通过投资公共公司赚钱
2,Private
①Private information is not open to everyone , but is only available to trusted friends or family私人信息并非对所有人都开放，但只对信任的朋友或家人开放。
②Information about one's secret hopes and dreams is usually private关于个人秘密希望和梦想的信息通常是私人的
测验：The password to your bank account is private intormation你的银行账户密码是私人信息
3, Confidential
①Confidential information in secret information.机密信息是秘密信息。
② Confidential information is not supposed to be shared with others.机密信息不应与他人共享。
测验：The details of a secret design or how a company makes decisions are often confidential.私密设计的细节或公司的决策方式通常是保密的。
4，gossip
①Gossip is information that is often exchanged because it's exciting or fun , even though it may not be true。八卦是人们经常交换的信息，因为它令人兴奋或有趣，即使它可能不是真的
②Office gossip is often entertaining , but it can also be damaging办公室八卦通常是娱乐性的，但也可能是破坏性的
测验：When people gossip they may hurt someone by spreading false or embarrassing information当人们说闲话时，他们可能会通过传播虚假或令人尴尬的信息来伤害某人。
5,opinions
①Opinions are what people think or feel about something as opposed to factual information意见是人们对某件事的想法或感觉，而不是事实信息。
②Factual information is based on facts or evidence , but opinions are what people think or feel事实信息是以事实或证据为基础的，而意见是人们的想法或感觉
测验：Opinions often differ , and when they do people may argue意见往往不一致，当他们这样做时，人们可能会争论
测验的句子：①A public company makes its shares available for purchase by any investor上市公司的股票可供任何投资者购买
②Most people keep their personal information private大多数人把他们的个人信息保密
③ Gossip may hurt or embarrass the person being gossiped about.说闲话可能会伤害或使被说闲话的人感到尴尬。
④ To keep something private means it shouldn't be shared with others.保密意味着不应该与他人分享。
⑤ You had better keep information about your password private or you may lose a lot.你最好把密码保密，否则你会损失很多。
⑥ What kind of information is often made up or exaggerated？什么样的信息经常被编造或夸大？
⑦ Anyone can invest in a public company by buying its shares.任何人都可以通过购买上市公司的股票来投资。
⑧People who gossip often enjoy embarrassing or hurting other people.爱说闲话的人往往喜欢让别人难堪或伤害别人。
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