1.基础
- Passport使用不同的策略(>300种)进行授权,最常见的是本地策略,本地策略中最常见的又是用户名密码策略
var passport = require('passport')
, LocalStrategy = require('passport-local').Strategy;
passport.use(new LocalStrategy(
function(username, password, done) {
try{
//If the credentials are not valid (for example, if the password is incorrect), done should be invoked with false instead of a user to indicate an authentication failure.An additional info message can be supplied to indicate the reason for the failure. This is useful for displaying a flash message prompting the user to try again.
if (username!='aaa') {
return done(null, false, { message: 'Incorrect username.' });
}
if (password!='aaa') {
return done(null, false, { message: 'Incorrect password.' });
}
//If the credentials are valid, the verify callback invokes done to supply Passport with the user that authenticated.
return done(null, user);
}
catch(err){
return done(err);
}
}
));
着重说一下上面的callback,也就是done()方法
- 如果验证通过,则将登陆的用户返回:
done(null,user)
- 如果验证未通过,比如,用户名密码错误,则返回
done(null,false)
,还可以提供额外信息done(null, false, { message: 'Incorrect password.' });
- 如果发生异常,则
done(err)
2.将passport作为express中间件
- express应用需要
passport.initialize()
来进行启动
如果打算使用基于session的验证(非SPA、浏览器最常用这种方法),需要使用passport.session()
和session()
中间件,(session()
要在passport.session()
之前声明引用),在express4.x中的写法如下:
var express = require('express');
var session = require("express-session");
var bodyParser = require("body-parser");
var passport = require('passport');
var LocalStrategy = require('passport-local').Strategy;
var app = express();
app.use(express.static("public"));
app.use(session({ secret: "cats" }));
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(passport.initialize());
app.use(passport.session());
var server = app.listen(3000, function () {
var host = server.address().address;
var port = server.address().port;
console.log('Example app listening at http://%s:%s', host, port);
});
3. Session
一个典型的网络应用,授权过程只有在login过程中发生,如果验证成功,服务器将建立一个session,并在浏览器端建立一个cookie.
再往后的请求都不会再次请求凭证。但浏览器有一个唯一的cookie,对应服务端相应的session。为了支持登录session验证,passport在session中对user进行序列化和反序列化:
passport.serializeUser(function(user, done) {
done(null, user.id);
});
passport.deserializeUser(function(id, done) {
User.findById(id, function(err, user) {
done(err, user);
});
});
注意到,只对userid进行了序列化操作,这是为了减小session体积。在接下来的请求中,这个id用来查找user,并存储在req.user。
序列化和反序列化由应用程序定义,可自由选择数据库或者objectmapper方法。这里与验证层无关。
4. Username & Password验证方式举例:
最广泛使用的就是用户名、密码验证方式。 passport-local 模块支持这种方式
var passport = require('passport')
, LocalStrategy = require('passport-local').Strategy;
passport.use(new LocalStrategy(
function(username, password, done) {
User.findOne({ username: username }, function(err, user) {
if (err) { return done(err); }
if (!user) {
return done(null, false, { message: 'Incorrect username.' });
}
if (!user.validPassword(password)) {
return done(null, false, { message: 'Incorrect password.' });
}
return done(null, user);
});
}
));
代码基本和前面一样,只不过这里使用数据库查询来确定用户身份。
- 前端页面:
<form action="/login" method="post">
<div>
<label>Username:</label>
<input type="text" name="username"/>
</div>
<div>
<label>Password:</label>
<input type="password" name="password"/>
</div>
<div>
<input type="submit" value="Log In"/>
</div>
</form>
- 后端路由
使用authenticate()
和local
策略的路由
app.post('/login',
passport.authenticate('local', { successRedirect: '/',
failureRedirect: '/login',
failureFlash: true })
);
后面的三个参数分别是成功跳转、失败跳转和消息闪现
消息闪现只在浏览器出现一次,然后就被销毁阅后即焚
。当其设置为true时,错误message将会被发送到客户端:
if (err) { return done(err); }
前端使用{{error.message}}
就能拿到消息
- 默认情况下passport使用
username
和password
,也可以自由定义:
passport.use(new LocalStrategy({
usernameField: 'email',
passwordField: 'passwd'
},
function(username, password, done) {
// ...
}
));
5. login和logout方法
passport在req上暴露这两个方法,可以直接使用:
req.login(user, function(err) {
if (err) { return next(err); }
return res.redirect('/users/' + req.user.username);
});
login方法执行完毕后,user
对象将会被赋值给req.user。注意passport.authenticate()
中间件自动调用login方法。无需手动调用。需要调用此方法的时候是用户注册成功后自动登陆的场景。
app.get('/logout', function(req, res){
req.logout();
res.redirect('/');
});
logout方法将清除req.user和服务端session
6.其它相关包
如果打算使用mongoose,passport-local-mongoose
包(以下简称plm)是一个mongoose插件,将会简化username和password存储流程:github
使用mongoose+passport安装的典型依赖:
npm install passport passport-local mongoose passport-local-mongoose --save
使用passport-local-mongoose
6.1 在领域类中定义 plugin:
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;
const passportLocalMongoose = require('passport-local-mongoose');
const User = new Schema({});
//plugin可接受option参数
User.plugin(passportLocalMongoose);
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', User);
你可以自由定义user类,plm将自动为其加入username、hash和salt字段,以及一些额外的方法
User.plugin(passportLocalMongoose, options);
Main Options:
saltlen
: 盐长度. Default: 32
iterations
: 哈希算法 iterations长度. Default: 25000
keylen
: key长度. Default: 512
digestAlgorithm
: 加密算法,Default: sha256.
interval
: login允许间隔时间. Default: 100
usernameField
: 自定义username字段名称. Defaults to 'username'. 比如可以改为"email".
usernameUnique
:username字段是否唯一. Defaults to true.
saltField
: salt字段名称. Defaults to 'salt'.
hashField
: hash字段名称. Defaults to 'hash'.
attemptsField
: 用户登陆尝试次数字段名称. Defaults to 'attempts'.
lastLoginField
: 最后登陆时间戳字段名称. Defaults to 'last'.
selectFields
: 定义在mongodb中存储哪些字段. Defaults to 'undefined' ,默认User所有字段都存储.
usernameLowerCase
: 是否将username字段小写处理. Defaults to 'false'.
populateFields
:findByUsername
方法返回的字段. Defaults to 'undefined'.全都返回
encoding
: salt编码. Defaults to 'hex'.
limitAttempts
: 是否限制登陆尝试次数. Default: false.
maxAttempts
: 最大尝试次数. Default: Infinity.
passwordValidator
:定义password验证方法, 'function(password,cb)'. Default: 非空验证
usernameQueryFields
: 定义额外的用户鉴别字段 (e.g. email).
findByUsername
: Specifies a query function that is executed with query parameters to restrict the query with extra query parameters. For example query only users with field "active" set to true. Default: function(model, queryParameters) { return model.findOne(queryParameters); }. See the examples section for a use case.
6.2 config:
//引入前面定义好的模型,User上的authenticate()、serializeUser()、deserializeUser()方法是plm自动加上去的静态方法
const User = require('./models/user');
// > 0.2.1版本可以这样写:passport.use(User.createStrategy());
passport.use(new LocalStrategy(User.authenticate()));
passport.serializeUser(User.serializeUser());
passport.deserializeUser(User.deserializeUser());
6.3 plm自动加入User上的实例方法和静态方法(实例、静态的含义和mongoose一样,前者作用在实例上,后者作用在类上):
实例方法:
setPassword(password, cb)
: 根据password异步生成hash和salt
changePassword(oldPassword, newPassword, cb)
: 修改密码
authenticate(password, cb)
: 验证
resetAttempts(cb)
: 重置错误次数(whenoptions.limitAttempts=true
)
静态方法:
authenticate()
、serializeUser()
、deserializeUser()
、createStrategy()
: 在Passport's LocalStrategy中使用
register(user, password, cb)
:是一个方便的注册方法,自动检查username是否为空,并自动对密码进行hash和加盐
findByUsername()
: 方便的根据唯一用户名查找方法
7. 来个栗子
综上所述,我们使用express@4+passport+mongoose试验一下,首先说明,我的node版本是8.9.3
, 对ES6语法有限支持,示例会使用ES6语法。
node -v
v8.9.3
7.1 我们不使用express-generator,自己从头建立工程,以便对整个流程更加清晰:
mkdir express-passport-test
cd express-passport-test
npm init
7.2 首先确定一下需要安装的依赖:
"dependencies": {
"body-parser": "^1.18.2",
"cookie-parser": "^1.4.3",
"express": "^4.16.2",
"express-session": "^1.15.6",
"mongoose": "^5.0.3",
"passport": "^0.4.0",
"passport-local": "^1.0.0",
"passport-local-mongoose": "^4.4.0"
}
既然使用cookie和session验证,那么body-parser
和cookie-parser
、express-session
自然必不可少
7.3 项目结构:
个人有点代码洁癖,觉得官方生成的模板太乱了,就这样整理一下
7.4 let's code
- models/user.js(M)
/*
* @Author: AngelaDaddy
* @Date: 2018-02-03 13:20:04
* @Last Modified by: AngelaDaddy
* @Last Modified time: 2018-02-03 13:46:49
* @Description: User领域类
* 由于passport和user类紧密结合,所以直接写在一起好点
* 否则应该分开写
*/
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const Schema = mongoose.Schema
const passportLocalMongoose = require('passport-local-mongoose')
const User = new Schema({
username: String,
password: String,
gender: Boolean//可随意添加字段
});
User.plugin(passportLocalMongoose)
module.exports = mongoose.model('User', User)
- routes/index.js(C)
const express = require('express')
const router = express.Router()
const User = require('../models/user')
module.exports = (app,passport) => {
router.get('/', function (req, res) {
res.render('index', { user: req.user });
})
router.get('/register', function (req, res) {
res.render('register', {})
})
router.post('/register', function (req, res) {
User.register(new User({ username: req.body.username }), req.body.password, function (err, user) {
if (err) {
return res.render('register', { user: user })
}
passport.authenticate('local')(req, res, function () {
res.redirect('/')
})
})
})
router.get('/login', function (req, res) {
res.render('login', { user: req.user })
})
router.post('/login', passport.authenticate('local'), function (req, res) {
res.redirect('/')
})
router.get('/logout', function (req, res) {
req.logout()
res.redirect('/')
});
app.use('/',router)
}
- utils/
- db.js 负责数据库连接
const mongoose = require('mongoose')
const conn = ()=>{
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/express4_passport');
const db = mongoose.connection;
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'connection error:'));
db.once('open', function () {
console.log('db connection success!')
});
}
module.exports = {
conn:conn
}
- errorHandler.js:错误处理
module.exports = (app) => {
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
var err = new Error('Not Found')
err.status = 404
next(err)
})
// development error handler
// will print stacktrace
if (app.get('env') === 'development') {
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
res.status(err.status || 500)
res.render('error', {
message: err.message,
error: err
})
})
}
// production error handler
// no stacktraces leaked to user
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
res.status(err.status || 500)
res.render('error', {
message: err.message,
error: {}
})
})
}
- passport.js: passport定义及实现
const passport = require('passport')
//使用passport本地策略
const LocalStrategy = require('passport-local').Strategy
const User = require('../models/user')
module.exports = (app) => {
passport.use(new LocalStrategy(User.authenticate()))
passport.serializeUser(User.serializeUser())
passport.deserializeUser(User.deserializeUser())
//使用express session
app.use(require('express-session')({
secret: 'keyboard cat',
resave: false,
saveUninitialized: false
}))
//启用passport
app.use(passport.initialize())
//使用session验证
app.use(passport.session())
//由于passport在其它租间还要使用(router),将其返回
return passport
}
- views:
//layout
doctype html
html
head
title= title
meta(name='viewport', content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0')
link(href='http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css', rel='stylesheet', media='screen')
body
block content
//index
extends layout
block content
if (!user)
a(href="/login") Login
br
a(href="/register") Register
if (user)
p You are currently logged in as #{user.username}
a(href="/logout") Logout
//- login
extends layout
block content
.container
h1 Login Page
p.lead Say something worthwhile here.
br
form(role='form', action="/login",method="post", style='max-width: 300px;')
.form-group
input.form-control(type='text', name="username", placeholder='Enter Username')
.form-group
input.form-control(type='password', name="password", placeholder='Password')
button.btn.btn-default(type='submit') Submit
a(href='/')
button.btn.btn-primary(type="button") Cancel
// -register
extends layout
block content
.container
h1 Register Page
p.lead Say something worthwhile here.
br
form(role='form', action="/register",method="post", style='max-width: 300px;')
.form-group
input.form-control(type='text', name="username", placeholder='Enter Username')
.form-group
input.form-control(type='password', name="password", placeholder='Password')
button.btn.btn-default(type='submit') Submit
a(href='/')
button.btn.btn-primary(type="button") Cancel
//- error
extends layout
block content
if (message)
p #{message}
if (error)
p #{error}
最后,在appStarter.js中队所有事情进行综合:
/*
* @Author: AngelaDaddy
* @Date: 2018-02-03 13:35:36
* @Last Modified by: AngelaDaddy
* @Last Modified time: 2018-02-03 13:56:55
* @Description: middlware统一归放
*/
const path = require('path')
const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser')
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
const db = require('./utilis/db')
const errorHandler = require('./utilis/errorHandler')
const passport = require('./utilis/passport')
const router = require('./routes')
module.exports = (app) => {
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'))
app.set('view engine', 'jade')
app.use(bodyParser.json())
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
app.use(cookieParser())
db.conn()
router(app,passport(app))
errorHandler(app)
const server = app.listen(3000, function () {
const host = server.address().address
const port = server.address().port
console.log('Example app listening at http://%s:%s', host, port)
})
}
然后,我得到了一个几乎什么都没有的项目启动文件:
/*
* @Author: AngelaDaddy
* @Date: 2018-02-03 13:18:35
* @Last Modified by: AngelaDaddy
* @Last Modified time: 2018-02-03 13:39:17
* @Description: 程序入口文件
*/
const express = require('express')
const appStarter = require('./appStarter')
const app = express()
appStarter(app)
8. 启动测试:
indexregister
注册成功,自动登陆 数据库
项目github地址
至此,本教程全部完成,写的好累啊~~~手都酸了,点个赞再走呗!
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