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iOS UI自动化测试

iOS UI自动化测试

作者: loongod | 来源:发表于2018-02-22 15:06 被阅读280次

    UI testing

    找到交互的UI控件，检测UI控件的属性和状态

    生成测试报告，包括每步的截图

    核心技术包括XCTest 和 Accessibility

    XCTest

    Xcode's testing framework

    Requirements

    UI testing depends on new OS features

    • iOS 9
    • OS X 10.11

    Getting Started

    • Xcode target type
    • APIs
    • UI recording
    UI Testing Xcode Targets

    UI tests have special requirements

    • Execute in aseparate process
    • Permission to use Accessibility

    New Xcode target templates

    • Cocoa Touch UI Testing Bundle(iOS)
    • Cocoa UI Testing Bundle (OS X)
    APIs

    Three new classes

    • XCUIApplication
    • XCUIElement
    • XCUIElementQuery
    UI Recording

    Recording generates the code

    • Create new tests
    • Expand existing tests

    控件和查询

    Element Uniqueness

    Every XCUIElement is backed by a query
    Query must resolve to exactly one match

    • No matches or multiple matches cause test failure
    • Failure raised when element resolves query
      Exception
    • Exists property
    XCUIElementQuery

    API for specifying elements
    Queries resolve to collections of accessible elements

    • Number of matches: count
    • Specify by identifier: subscripting
    • Specify by index: elementAtIndex()

    How do queries work?

    • Relationships
    • Filtering
    Expressing relationships

    Descendants
    Children
    Containment

    Filtering
    过滤方式 方式类型
    Element type Button,table,menu.etc
    Identifiers Accessibility identifier,label,title,etc
    Predicates Value,partial matching,etc

    Combining Relationships and Filtering

    descandantsMatchingType()
    let allButtons = app.descendantsMatchingType(.Button)

let allCellsInTable = table.descendantsMatchingType(.Cell)

let allMenuItemsInMenu = menu.descendantsMatchingType(.MenuItem)

    So common, wo provide convenience API for each type
let allButtons = app.buttons
let allCellsInTables = table.cells
let allMenuItemsInMenu = menu.menuItems
    childrenMatchingType()

    Differentiates between any descendant and a direct child relationship

    let allButtons = app.buttons //descendantsMatchingType(.Button)

let childButtons = navBar.childrenMatchingType(.Button)
    containingType()

    Find elements by describing their descendants

    屏幕快照 2018-02-08 下午1.33.17.png 
    let cellQuery = cells.containingType(.StaticText, identifier:"Groceries")

descendantsMatchingType()
childrenMatchingType()
containingType()
这三个方法也可以同样的方式使用
    Combining Queries

    Queries can be "chained" together
    Output of each query is the input of the next query

    屏幕快照 2018-02-08 下午1.39.28.png 
    let labelsInTables = app.tables.staticTest
    Getting Elements from Queries
    方式 示例
    Subscripting table.staticTests["Groceries"]
    Index table.staticTests.elementAtIndex(0)
    Unique app.navigationBars.element

    生成截图

    我运行完之后，发现没有图片生成


    屏幕快照 2018-02-08 下午2.07.27.png

    需要去scheme中的text设置


    text设置

    使用终端测试

    xcodebuild test -workspace UITerminalDemo.xcworkspace 
-scheme UITerminalDemoUITests 
-destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone X,OS=11.2'

    下面是destination的可用值：
    （也是可以用真机的，下面的第一条就是我自己的手机，需要连接上）

    Available destinations for the "UITerminalDemoUITests" scheme:
        { platform:iOS, id:86c38f55392f78e1c14ee5b1e5e547492075df20, name:许龙的 iPhone }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:E5186B36-BD50-412D-8AD2-E9A1E1F3AB9C, OS:10.3.1, name:iPad (5th generation) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:9AE98D1F-49F6-4D56-BB17-B5D474941C5D, OS:11.2, name:iPad (5th generation) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:3293AA96-0573-4316-8FC5-7B14559F3E20, OS:10.3.1, name:iPad Air }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:44E080B6-B931-42BF-988D-E55345DBF8CB, OS:11.2, name:iPad Air }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:288C496A-3AF2-413E-B816-71BE66AE8124, OS:10.3.1, name:iPad Air 2 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:7420C15C-05CC-4C55-AA38-6A5D5E0CCF3B, OS:11.2, name:iPad Air 2 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:21C6851F-2F5E-4F8F-BCEF-51878F70986C, OS:10.3.1, name:iPad Pro (9.7 inch) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:8C328212-6A92-4F42-9DBD-DBB1E040EE08, OS:11.2, name:iPad Pro (9.7-inch) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:2F7428EE-C4AE-4D31-A273-0AE1F88C95E6, OS:10.3.1, name:iPad Pro (10.5-inch) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:D53E887B-2704-4919-9E8E-10E7B0B69DFA, OS:11.2, name:iPad Pro (10.5-inch) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:FC2CCFC2-E298-4334-B66D-9D1E9E3F98E2, OS:10.3.1, name:iPad Pro (12.9 inch) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:B6990DA0-DDA0-4999-AD73-E85D14D1A730, OS:11.2, name:iPad Pro (12.9-inch) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:8AD3E839-1319-4E34-A619-4A1F5C60E202, OS:10.3.1, name:iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (2nd generation) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:82AEFE8B-2DCD-499F-A743-46681C38049A, OS:11.2, name:iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (2nd generation) }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:C64ED8D5-F709-4E8F-94FC-B4DB97F906F4, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 5 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:8DC1550F-7BD0-443E-8895-9DC074217A60, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 5s }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:C65A270A-653B-4CC4-AADC-D683D0FEB23A, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 5s }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:52DBB418-E842-445A-AB95-398D2D4404CF, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 6 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:E3E52BB3-51EA-4E47-A72E-49D281BB8F04, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 6 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:8BEDA513-7394-43BF-8A92-56C47704B5EC, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 6 Plus }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:45D79B21-EE8D-4C6C-8C68-744D8AB388F5, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 6 Plus }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:B1B9D218-C692-4C56-8A6A-E73B81885DB4, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 6s }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:DBC72166-AC98-4E41-A590-DD76F47EB4BF, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 6s }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:21B5972B-5377-431F-8445-0CD00BC66B77, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 6s Plus }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:FDA53200-DBBD-498A-BB58-2B05B17BD785, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 6s Plus }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:33122DBD-44EC-40E1-BE5E-85139F0C5B0F, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 7 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:6C2EDE5A-4C66-48C6-844F-9A54873904D4, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 7 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:35112E51-2376-4E21-B49D-34A69FBC8DB7, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone 7 Plus }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:44EB9D0D-9D53-4D34-BEAD-7E8DE3162D2D, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 7 Plus }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:09E387B5-C0E6-43D9-9BA8-75E3785280C0, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 8 }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:F85B7C01-EB2D-4C9E-98C0-CF466941E6E0, OS:11.2, name:iPhone 8 Plus }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:E76E917B-DAFB-4849-BC6E-A2AD8CEDE025, OS:10.3.1, name:iPhone SE }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:C3F35392-D7C4-44AF-A9E4-4A79E07B4213, OS:11.2, name:iPhone SE }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:2B7D423E-D828-4F13-97F3-A2FE4831BF8D, OS:11.2, name:iPhone X }

    Ineligible destinations for the "UITerminalDemoUITests" scheme:
        { platform:iOS, id:dvtdevice-DVTiPhonePlaceholder-iphoneos:placeholder, name:Generic iOS Device }
        { platform:iOS Simulator, id:dvtdevice-DVTiOSDeviceSimulatorPlaceholder-iphonesimulator:placeholder, name:Generic iOS Simulator Device }

    如果想一次测试多个设备怎么办？
    可以使用链式语法指定多个-destination

    如果项目使用了Cocoapods的话，也就是打开项目使用的是.workspace的话，需要用 -workspace，如果不是的话需要用-project。

    xcodebuild test -project MyAppProject.xcodeproj -scheme MyApp
-destination 'platform=OS X,arch=x86_64'
-destination 'platform=iOS,name=Development iPod touch'
-destination 'platform=Simulator,name=iPhone,OS=9.0'

    如果测试失败，则会返回一个非零的Code码。如果想了解更多的·xcodebuild·命令信息，可以在终端中使用man xcodebuild。

    生成截图

    无需额外的工作，只需添加derivedDataPath选项，记得在scheme配置中不要勾选Delete when each test succeeds

    xcodebuild test -workspace UITerminalDemo.xcworkspace 
-scheme UITerminalDemoUITests 
-destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone X,OS=11.2' 
-derivedDataPath './test'

    截图路径：./test/Logs/Test/Attachments/

    截图.png

    关于查询

    导航栏标题的查询

    最开始我一直找不到导航栏的标题的Label，最后发现是查询条件的问题，title的类型不是XCUIElementTypeStaticText，而是XCUIElementTypeOther，我是先通过下面的代码找到的

        XCUIApplication *app = [[XCUIApplication alloc] init];
    NSInteger navigationBarCount = app.navigationBars.count;
    NSLog(@"%ld",navigationBarCount);
    XCUIElement *navigationBar = [app.navigationBars elementBoundByIndex:0];
    XCUIElementQuery *navTitleLabels = [navigationBar descendantsMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeAny];
    NSLog(@"navlabels:%ld",navTitleLabels.count);
    XCUIElement *any = [navTitleLabels elementBoundByIndex:0];
    NSLog(@"description: %@", any.debugDescription);

     description: Attributes: Other, 0x60c0001993d0, traits: 8590000128, {{170.3, 55.7}, {34.7, 20.3}}, label: '首页'

    可以发现Attributes是Other，下面直接使用XCUIElementTypeOther类型进行查找

        XCUIApplication *app = [[XCUIApplication alloc] init];
    NSInteger navigationBarCount = app.navigationBars.count;
    NSLog(@"%ld",navigationBarCount);
    XCUIElement *navigationBar = [app.navigationBars elementBoundByIndex:0];
    XCUIElementQuery *navTitleLabels = [navigationBar descendantsMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeOther];
    NSLog(@"navlabels:%ld",navTitleLabels.count);
    XCUIElement *other = [navTitleLabels elementBoundByIndex:0];
    NSLog(@"description: %@", other.debugDescription);

    打印信息是一样的

     description: Attributes: Other, 0x60c0001993d0, traits: 8590000128, {{170.3, 55.7}, {34.7, 20.3}}, label: '首页'

    所以：要找到NavigationBar的标题（系统的）查询类型是XCUIElementTypeOther。

    关于检测

    XCTFail(...)

    生成一个无条件的错误，参数...是输出的提示文字（后面类似）。

    /*!
 * @function XCTFail(...)
 * Generates a failure unconditionally.
 * @param ... An optional supplementary description of the failure. A literal NSString, optionally with string format specifiers. This parameter can be completely omitted.
*/
#define XCTFail(...) \
    _XCTPrimitiveFail(self, __VA_ARGS__)
    XCTAssert(expression, ...)

    当参数expression是false的时候生成一个错误，参数...同上。

    /*!
 * @define XCTAssert(expression, ...)
 * Generates a failure when ((\a expression) == false).
 * @param expression An expression of boolean type.
 * @param ... An optional supplementary description of the failure. A literal NSString, optionally with string format specifiers. This parameter can be completely omitted.
*/
#define XCTAssert(expression, ...) \
    _XCTPrimitiveAssertTrue(self, expression, @#expression, __VA_ARGS__)

    通过按住Command+Control，然后点击宏定义，跳进宏定义声明的地方，可查看所有的XCTAssert断言的定义声明。如下

    /*!
 * @define XCTAssertNil(expression, ...)
 * Generates a failure when ((\a expression) != nil).
 * @param expression An expression of id type.
 * @param ... An optional supplementary description of the failure. A literal NSString, optionally with string format specifiers. This parameter can be completely omitted.
*/
#define XCTAssertNil(expression, ...) \
    _XCTPrimitiveAssertNil(self, expression, @#expression, __VA_ARGS__)

/*!
 * @define XCTAssertNotNil(expression, ...)
 * Generates a failure when ((\a expression) == nil).
 * @param expression An expression of id type.
 * @param ... An optional supplementary description of the failure. A literal NSString, optionally with string format specifiers. This parameter can be completely omitted.
*/
#define XCTAssertNotNil(expression, ...) \
    _XCTPrimitiveAssertNotNil(self, expression, @#expression, __VA_ARGS__)

/*!
 * @define XCTAssert(expression, ...)
 * Generates a failure when ((\a expression) == false).
 * @param expression An expression of boolean type.
 * @param ... An optional supplementary description of the failure. A literal NSString, optionally with string format specifiers. This parameter can be completely omitted.
*/
#define XCTAssert(expression, ...) \
    _XCTPrimitiveAssertTrue(self, expression, @#expression, __VA_ARGS__)
    使用断言

    比如我要判断当前页面，可以通过导航标题来判断

        NSInteger navigationBarCount = app.navigationBars.count;
    XCUIElement *navigationBar = [app.navigationBars elementBoundByIndex:0];
    XCUIElementQuery *navTitleLabels = [navigationBar descendantsMatchingType:XCUIElementTypeOther];
    XCUIElement *otherNavTitle = [navTitleLabels elementBoundByIndex:0];
    //判断导航标题是不是详情页
    XCTAssert([otherNavTitle.label isEqualToString:@"详情页"]);

    关于测试用例

    在test.m中默认有一个testExample，如果你想新写一个测试方法，注意方法名需要用text开头。这样才会在方法的左边出现单个方法测试的可点击按钮，如果写完方法没出现，command+U运行下即可。

    text.png

    点击@implementation UITests左边的运行所有测试用例或者command+u。
    发现Xcode运行测试用例是按字母排序的。如果想要按固定顺序执行测试用例，可以在test后追加数字来标记顺序，比如：

    - (void)test00TabPage {
  //your test0
}

- (void)test01TabPage {
  //your test1
}

- (void)test02TabPage {
  //your test2
}

    参考：

    WWDC15 UI Testing in Xcode PDF

    Testing with Xcode

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