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高德实时路况数据获取接口说明：
link - 高德数据获取流程
- 数据库设计
CREATE TABLE "public"."gaode_date" (
"name" varchar(50) COLLATE "default",
"status" int4,
"direction" varchar(50) COLLATE "default",
"angle" int4,
"lcodes" varchar(255) COLLATE "default",
"polyline" text COLLATE "default",
"id" int4 DEFAULT nextval('gaode_id_seq'::regclass) NOT NULL,
"geom" "public"."geometry",
"date" date,
"time" time(6),
"speed" float8,
CONSTRAINT "gaode_date_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("id")
)
WITH (OIDS=FALSE)
;
ALTER TABLE "public"."gaode_date" OWNER TO "postgres";
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."name" IS '道路名称';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."status" IS '路况 0：未知 1：畅通 2：缓行 3：拥堵';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."direction" IS '方向描述';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."angle" IS '车行角度，判断道路正反向使用。以正东方向为0度，逆时针方向为正，取值范围：[0,360]';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."lcodes" IS '方向';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."polyline" IS '道路坐标集，坐标集合';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."date" IS '请求日期';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."time" IS '请求时间';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."gaode_date"."speed" IS '速度';
CREATE TRIGGER "beforeinsertinsertgaodedata_trigger" BEFORE INSERT ON "public"."gaode_date"
FOR EACH ROW
EXECUTE PROCEDURE "beforeinsertgaodedata"();
- 请求高德数据Python脚本
import requests
import json
import time
from pandas import DataFrame
import psycopg2
#请求高德实时路况数据
def getGaodeTrafficStatus(key,rectangle,currentTime):
insert_list = []
TrafficStatusUrl = 'http://restapi.amap.com/v3/traffic/status/rectangle?key='+key+'&rectangle='+rectangle+'&extensions=all';
res = requests.get(url=TrafficStatusUrl).content;
total_json = json.loads(res);
print(total_json);
jsondata = total_json['trafficinfo']['roads'];
print(jsondata);
currentDate = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime());
if any(jsondata):
for i in jsondata:
name = i['name']
status = i['status']
direction = i['direction']
angle = i['angle']
speed = i.get('speed');
# 若速度参数缺失，补为Null
if speed == None:
speed = None;
print(speed);
lcodes = i['lcodes']
polyline = i['polyline']
list = [name, status, direction, angle, lcodes, polyline, currentDate, currentTime, speed];
insert_list.append(list);
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="superpower", user="postgres", password="123456", host="localhost", port="5432");
cur = conn.cursor();
for i in insert_list:
if len(i):
cur.execute(
"insert into gaode_date(name, status, direction, angle, lcodes, polyline, date, time,speed) values (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)",
i)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
else:
pass
#注册多个高德key,轮流使用，并记录请求的个数，满2000次换下一个key继续请求。
keyList=[{}];
#建立覆盖研究区的rectangle数组
rectangleList=[];
#创建请求时间，确保一次请求的时间都相同
currentTime = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.localtime()); # 设置请求时间
key='yourKey';
rectangle='120.12924,30.30185;120.16018,30.27150';
getGaodeTrafficStatus(key,rectangle，currentTime);
- 空间信息解析（在此采用触发器，对数据进行解析，插入数据的同时完成空间信息的解析，减少人工参与。），触发器Sql脚本如下：
--高德数据插入触发器
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION BeforeInsertGaodeData() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $example_table$
BEGIN
--自动进行坐标计算，并赋值
NEW.geom=ST_LineFromText('LINESTRING('||replace(replace(New.polyline,',',' '),';',',')||')',4326);
return new;
End ;
$example_table$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER BeforeInsertInsertGaodeData_trigger Before INSERT ON gaode_date FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE BeforeInsertGaodeData ();
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数据查看，可视化获取的高德数据，如下（未正儿八经的进行渲染：）
image
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爬取整个研究区域的实时路况数据
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构建整个研究区域的网格，如下图，构建网格过程略。
image
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网格数据库脚本
CREATE TABLE "public"."hangzhou_grid" (
"gid" int4 DEFAULT nextval('hangzhou_grid_gid_seq'::regclass) NOT NULL,
"id" numeric(10),
"__xmin" numeric,
"__xmax" numeric,
"ymin" numeric,
"ymax" numeric,
"geom" "public"."geometry",
CONSTRAINT "hangzhou_grid_pkey" PRIMARY KEY ("gid")
)
WITH (OIDS=FALSE)
;
ALTER TABLE "public"."hangzhou_grid" OWNER TO "postgres";
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."hangzhou_grid"."__xmin" IS '最小x';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."hangzhou_grid"."__xmax" IS '最大x';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."hangzhou_grid"."ymin" IS '最小y';
COMMENT ON COLUMN "public"."hangzhou_grid"."ymax" IS '最大y';
CREATE INDEX "hangzhou_grid_geom_idx" ON "public"."hangzhou_grid" USING gist ("geom");
3.请求整个杭州高德实时路况数据Python脚本
#请求整个杭州的区域
conn = psycopg2.connect(database="superpower", user="postgres", password="123456", host="localhost", port="5432");
cur = conn.cursor();
#获取覆盖研究区域的网格
cur.execute("select t.__xmin||','||t.ymin||';'||t.__xmax||','||t.ymax rectangle from hangzhou_grid t");
rectangleData=cur.fetchall();
cur.close;
conn.close();
#创建请求时间，确保一次请求的时间都相同
currentTime = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.localtime()); # 设置请求时间
for rec in rectangleData:
print(rec[0]);
getGaodeTrafficStatus(key,rec[0],currentTime);
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查看请求结果，如下图
image
- 总结
- 该方法基本能够将请求区域里的数据，进行覆盖。
- 获取的数据只是原始数据，若需要进行使用可能需要进行进一步处理，如将某时刻重复数据去除等。
- 高德API接口有请求次数的限制，因此要覆盖大多数时间，需要申请多个key,大致是60个key,目前不知道高德有没有限制一个IP地址访问次数。（后面持续改进方向：建立key表记录每个key一天访问的次数，动态分配key）
- 该方法也可以构建研究区域的主要道路，解放道路采集的人力。
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