1. 新增文档，建立索引

语法格式:

PUT /index/type/id
{
  "json数据"
}

输入:

PUT /person/chinese/1
{
  "id":12345,
  "name":"lujiahao",
  "age":18
}

输出:

{
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "result": "created",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

es会自动建立index和type，不需要提前创建，而且es默认会对document每个field都建立倒排索引，让其可以被搜索。

2. 检索文档

格式:

GET /index/type/id

输入:

GET /person/chinese/1

输出:

{
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "id": 12345,
    "name": "lujiahao",
    "age": 18
  }
}

3. 更新文档

3.1 替换方式

格式:

PUT /index/type/id
{
    "json数据"
}

输入:

PUT /person/chinese/1
{
  "name":"lujiahao123"
}

输出:

{
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 2,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": false
}

查询:

{
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 2,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "name": "lujiahao123"
  }
}

替换方式更新文档时，必须带上所有的field，才能去进行信息的修改；如果缺少field就会丢失部分数据。其原理时替换，因此需要全部字段。不推荐此种方式更新文档。

3.1 更新方式

格式:

POST /index/type/id/_update
{
    "doc":{
        "json数据"
    }
}

输入:

POST /person/chinese/1/_update
{
  "doc":{
    "name":"lujiahao10010"
  }
}

输出:

{
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 4,
  "result": "updated",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": false
}

再次查询：

{
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 6,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "id": 12345,
    "name": "lujiahao10010",
    "age": 18
  }
}

4. 删除文档

格式:

DELETE /index/type/id/_update
{
    "doc":{
        "json数据"
    }
}

输入:

DELETE /person/chinese/1

输出:

{
  "found": true,
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 7,
  "result": "deleted",
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  }
}

再次查询:

{
  "_index": "person",
  "_type": "chinese",
  "_id": "1",
  "found": false
}

5. 小结

本文所有操作都是在kibana的Dev tools中进行的，相较于Elasticsearch-Heade插件，kibana中更加方便与美观（个人观点），推荐大家使用。

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