一、基本介绍

在介绍Anaconda之前，我们使用python常见使用的IDE是pyCharm，而安装第三方包或python库而两种形式：
1.使用命令
pip install 包名
2.IDE内安装

界面.png 简单的包可以通过以上任意两种形式安装到本地环境，但复杂的工程情况下，存在两个问题：1.安装包存在依赖包（依赖的先后顺序不确定/多个）安装繁琐，2.本地环境安装多个包容易污染本地环境，不方便管理。而Anaconda正是为了解决优化以上问题而诞生。
Anaconda是一款可以获取包及对包进行管理、环境统一管理的软件。其中包含conda、Python在内的超过180个科学包及其依赖项。
虚拟/本机环境包管理.png

二、环境搭建(pyCharm+Anaconda)

1、安装pyCharm
2、安装Anaconda

三、基础命令

新增虚拟环境

(base) faria-2:anaconda3$ sudo conda create --name pymysql
Password:
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##
  environment location: /Users/xxx/anaconda3/envs/pymysql

Proceed ([y]/n)? y
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate pymysql
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

删除keyconda config --remove-key channels
查看已有配置

(base) faria-2:anaconda3$ conda config --show
add_anaconda_token: True
add_pip_as_python_dependency: True
aggressive_update_packages:
  - ca-certificates
  - certifi
  - openssl
allow_conda_downgrades: False
allow_cycles: True
allow_non_channel_urls: False
allow_softlinks: False
always_copy: False
always_softlink: False
always_yes: None
anaconda_upload: None
auto_activate_base: True
auto_stack: 0
auto_update_conda: True
bld_path: 
changeps1: True
channel_alias: https://conda.anaconda.org
channel_priority: flexible
channels:
  - defaults
client_ssl_cert: None
client_ssl_cert_key: None
clobber: False
conda_build: {}
create_default_packages: []
croot: /Users/xxx/anaconda3/conda-bld
custom_channels:
  pkgs/main: https://repo.anaconda.com
  pkgs/r: https://repo.anaconda.com
  pkgs/pro: https://repo.anaconda.com
custom_multichannels:
  defaults: 
    - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main
    - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r

新增镜像（清华镜像用http）

(base) faria-2:anaconda3$ conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/osx-64/

查看虚拟环境（现有的虚拟环境*）

(pymysql) faria-2:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                     /Users/xxx/anaconda3
pymysql               *  /Users/xxx/anaconda3/envs/pymysql

切换虚拟环境

conda activate 环境名称

激活镜像

(base) faria-2:anaconda$ source activate pymysql

常见问题

1、使用的镜像（清华）用了https协议

CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/osx-64/repodata.json>
Elapsed: -
An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.
'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/osx-64'

解决思路：重新添加镜像为http
2、新增虚拟环境报错

CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url <https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-64/repodata.json>
Elapsed: -
An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL.
HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way.
If your current network has https://www.anaconda.com blocked, please file
a support request with your network engineering team.

'https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-64'

解决步骤：

(base) faria-2:anaconda3$ conda config --set ssl_verify no
(base) faria-2:anaconda3$ conda config --set ssl_verify false
(base) faria-2:anaconda3$ vim ~/.condarc
(base) faria-2:anaconda3$ sudo conda create --name pymysql

3、无法安装镜像

(base) faria-2:anaconda3 xxx$ sudo  conda install -c anaconda redis
Password:
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): failed

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/exceptions.py", line 1080, in __call__
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 84, in _main
        exit_code = do_call(args, p)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/conda_argparse.py", line 83, in do_call
        return getattr(module, func_name)(args, parser)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/main_install.py", line 20, in execute
        install(args, parser, 'install')
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/cli/install.py", line 263, in install
        should_retry_solve=(_should_retry_unfrozen or repodata_fn != repodata_fns[-1]),
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 117, in solve_for_transaction
        should_retry_solve)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 158, in solve_for_diff
        force_remove, should_retry_solve)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 262, in solve_final_state
        ssc = self._collect_all_metadata(ssc)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/common/io.py", line 88, in decorated
        return f(*args, **kwds)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 425, in _collect_all_metadata
        index, r = self._prepare(prepared_specs)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/solve.py", line 1021, in _prepare
        self.subdirs, prepared_specs, self._repodata_fn)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/index.py", line 289, in get_reduced_index
        repodata_fn=repodata_fn)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 140, in query_all
        result = tuple(concat(executor.map(subdir_query, channel_urls)))
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 586, in result_iterator
        yield fs.pop().result()
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 432, in result
        return self.__get_result()
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 384, in __get_result
        raise self._exception
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/concurrent/futures/thread.py", line 57, in run
        result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 133, in <lambda>
        package_ref_or_match_spec))
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 145, in query
        self.load()
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 210, in load
        _internal_state = self._load()
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 394, in _load
        mod_etag_headers.get('_mod'))
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 442, in _read_local_repdata
        _internal_state = self._process_raw_repodata_str(raw_repodata_str)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/conda/core/subdir_data.py", line 480, in _process_raw_repodata_str
        json_obj = json.loads(raw_repodata_str or '{}')
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/json/__init__.py", line 348, in loads
        return _default_decoder.decode(s)
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/json/decoder.py", line 337, in decode
        obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
      File "/Users/xxx/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/json/decoder.py", line 355, in raw_decode
        raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
    json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 291378 column 33 (char 8808000)

`$ /Users/xxx/anaconda3/bin/conda install -c anaconda redis`

  environment variables:
                 CIO_TEST=<not set>
               CONDA_ROOT=/Users/xxx/anaconda3
           CURL_CA_BUNDLE=<not set>
                     PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/Users/xxx/anaconda3/bin:/Users/c
                          henfenyu/anaconda3/condabin:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0
                          _181.jdk/Contents/Home/bin:/usr/local/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/us
                          r/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/bin/ChromeDriv
                          er:/usr/local/mysql/bin:.:/Users/xxx/Work/apache-jmeter-5.4.1/bi
                          n:/usr/local/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbi
                          n:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/bin/ChromeDriver:/usr/local/mysql/bin
       REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=<not set>
            SSL_CERT_FILE=<not set>
             SUDO_COMMAND=/Users/xxx/anaconda3/bin/conda install -c anaconda redis
                 SUDO_GID=20
                 SUDO_UID=501
                SUDO_USER=xxx

     active environment : None
       user config file : /Users/xxx/.condarc
 populated config files : /Users/xxx/.condarc
          conda version : 4.11.0
    conda-build version : 3.17.6
         python version : 3.7.1.final.0
       virtual packages : __osx=10.16=0
                          __unix=0=0
                          __archspec=1=x86_64
       base environment : /Users/xxx/anaconda3  (writable)
      conda av data dir : /Users/xxx/anaconda3/etc/conda
  conda av metadata url : None
           channel URLs : https://conda.anaconda.org/anaconda/osx-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/anaconda/noarch
                          http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/osx-64
                          http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/noarch
                          http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-64
                          http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/noarch
          package cache : /Users/xxx/anaconda3/pkgs
                          /Users/xxx/.conda/pkgs
       envs directories : /Users/xxx/anaconda3/envs
                          /Users/xxx/.conda/envs
               platform : osx-64
             user-agent : conda/4.11.0 requests/2.21.0 CPython/3.7.1 Darwin/20.6.0 OSX/10.16
                UID:GID : 0:0
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False


An unexpected error has occurred. Conda has prepared the above report.

Upload successful.

解决思路：

(base) faria-2:~ xxx$ cd ~
(base) faria-2:~ xxx$ rm .condarc

举例：pyautogui配合anaconda的安装

方式1-虚拟环境：sudo  conda install -c anaconda redis    （指定版本https://anaconda.org/search?q=redis 可查询）
方式2-虚拟环境离线包：conda install --use-local gdal-2.3.0-py36h04863e7_1.tar.bz2
方式2-本机环境：
pip install /路径/cacheout-0.14.1-py3-none-any.whl（https://pypi.org/project/cacheout/#files  whl文件）
python （解压后路径）setup.py install (https://pypi.org/project/cacheout/#files tar.gz文件)