通用Intent

Intent 用于通过描述您想在某个 `[Intent] 对象中执行的简单操作（如“查看地图”或“拍摄照片”）来启动另一应用中的某个 Activity。 这种 Intent 称作隐式 Intent，因为它并不指定要启动的应用组件，而是指定一项操作并提供执行该操作所需的一些数据。

当您调用 [startActivity()] 或 [startActivityForResult()] 并向其传递隐式 Intent 时，系统会 [将 Intent 解析]为可处理该 Intent 的应用并启动其对应的 [Activity]。 如果有多个应用可处理 Intent，系统会为用户显示一个对话框，供其选择要使用的应用。

MainActivity程序起点

private Button alarmButton;
private Button eventButton;
private Button caButton;
private Button cactButton;
private Button cactInsertButton;
private Button emailButton;
private Button emailAppButton;
private Button catButton;
private Button mapButton;
private Button audioButton;
private Button phoneButton;
private Button bowerButton;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    alarmButton = findViewById(R.id.button_alarm);
    eventButton = findViewById(R.id.button_event);
    caButton = findViewById(R.id.button_ca);
    cactButton = findViewById(R.id.button_cact);
    cactInsertButton = findViewById(R.id.button_cact_inset);
    emailButton = findViewById(R.id.button_email);
    emailAppButton = findViewById(R.id.button_email_app);
    catButton = findViewById(R.id.button_cat);
    mapButton = findViewById(R.id.button_map);
    audioButton = findViewById(R.id.button_audio);
    phoneButton = findViewById(R.id.button_phone);
    bowerButton = findViewById(R.id.button_bower);

    alarmButton.setOnClickListener(this);//设置系统闹钟
    eventButton.setOnClickListener(this);//添加日历
    caButton.setOnClickListener(this);//打开系统相机
    cactButton.setOnClickListener(this);//打开特定联系人
    cactInsertButton.setOnClickListener(this);//插入联系人
    emailButton.setOnClickListener(this);//打开电子邮件
    emailAppButton.setOnClickListener(this);//打开电子邮件
    catButton.setOnClickListener(this);//叫车
    mapButton.setOnClickListener(this);//地图应用
    audioButton.setOnClickListener(this);//播放音乐
    phoneButton.setOnClickListener(this);//打电话
    bowerButton.setOnClickListener(this);//打开浏览器
}

/**
 * 打开浏览器
 *
 * @param url
 */
public void openWebPage(String url) {
    Uri webpage = Uri.parse(url);
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 打电话
 */
public void callMe(String phoneNumber) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:" + phoneNumber));
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 播放特定歌手音乐
 */
public void playSearchArtist(String artist) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "播放音乐", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
    Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.INTENT_ACTION_MEDIA_PLAY_FROM_SEARCH);
    intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_MEDIA_FOCUS,
            MediaStore.Audio.Artists.ENTRY_CONTENT_TYPE);
    intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_MEDIA_ARTIST, artist);
    intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, artist);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 打开地图应用
 *
 * @param geoLocation
 */
public void showMap(Uri geoLocation) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
    intent.setData(geoLocation);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 叫车用用
 */
public void callCar() {
    //Intent intent = new Intent(ReserveIntents.ACTION_RESERVE_TAXI_RESERVATION);
    //if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    //     startActivity(intent);
    // }
}

/**
 * 打开电子邮件,app
 */
public void composeEmail(String[] addresses, String subject) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
    intent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:")); // only email apps should handle this
    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, addresses);
    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 打开电子邮件,本地手机
 */
public void composeEmail(String[] addresses, String subject, Uri attachment) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
    intent.setType("*/*");
    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, addresses);
    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
    intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, attachment);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 插入联系人
 */
public void insertContact(String name, String email) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT);
    intent.setType(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_TYPE);
    intent.putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.NAME, name);
    intent.putExtra(ContactsContract.Intents.Insert.EMAIL, email);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 选择特定联系人
 */
static final int REQUEST_SELECT_PHONE_NUMBER = 1;

public void selectContact() {
    // Start an activity for the user to pick a phone number from contacts
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
    intent.setType(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_TYPE);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_SELECT_PHONE_NUMBER);
    }
}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    //联系人回调
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_SELECT_PHONE_NUMBER && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
        // Get the URI and query the content provider for the phone number
        Uri contactUri = data.getData();
        String[] projection = new String[]{ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER};
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(contactUri, projection,
                null, null, null);
        // If the cursor returned is valid, get the phone number
        if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            int numberIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER);
            String number = cursor.getString(numberIndex);
            // Do something with the phone number
        }
    }
    //  相机回调
    if (requestCode == REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
        Bitmap thumbnail = data.getParcelableExtra("data");
        // Do other work with full size photo saved in mLocationForPhotos
    }
}

/**
 * 启动相机
 */
static final int REQUEST_IMAGE_CAPTURE = 1;

//static final Uri mLocationForPhotos;
public void captureOhpto(String targetFileNmae) {
    //Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);//相机模式启动
    Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.INTENT_ACTION_VIDEO_CAMERA);//视频模式启动
    //intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.withAppendedPath(mLocationForPhotos,targetFileNmae));
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 添加日历
 */
public void addEvent(String title, String location, Calendar begin, Calendar end) {
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT)
            .setData(CalendarContract.Events.CONTENT_URI)
            .putExtra(CalendarContract.Events.TITLE, title)
            .putExtra(CalendarContract.Events.EVENT_LOCATION, location)
            .putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_BEGIN_TIME, begin)
            .putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_END_TIME, end);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

/**
 * 创建闹钟
 */
public void createAlarm(String message, int hour, int minutes) {

    Intent intent = new Intent(AlarmClock.ACTION_SET_ALARM)
            .putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_MESSAGE, message)
            .putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_HOUR, hour)
            .putExtra(AlarmClock.EXTRA_MINUTES, minutes);
    if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}


@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
    switch (v.getId()) {
        case R.id.button_alarm:
            createAlarm("打开创建系统闹钟页面", 14, 27);
            break;
        case R.id.button_event:
            addEvent("添加日历", "我也不知道该写什么", Calendar.getInstance(), Calendar.getInstance());
            break;
        case R.id.button_ca:
            captureOhpto("抛射图片");
            break;
        case R.id.button_cact:
            selectContact();
            break;
        case R.id.button_cact_inset:
            insertContact("周大王", "1102344710@qq.com");
            break;
        case R.id.button_email:
            composeEmail(new String[]{"1102344710", "1112344710"}, "这是主题", Uri.EMPTY);
            break;
        case R.id.button_email_app:
            composeEmail(new String[]{"1102344710", "1112344710"}, "这是主题");
            break;
        case R.id.button_cat:
            Toast.makeText(this, "不知道为啥不能使用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
            break;
        case R.id.button_map:
            String url = "http://api.map.baidu.com/direction?origin=33.988177,118.786991&destination=32.047616,118.790609&mode=driving&output=";
            Uri uri = Uri.parse(url);
            showMap(uri);
            break;
        case R.id.button_audio:
            playSearchArtist("薛之谦");
            //createAlarm("打开创建系统闹钟页面",14,27);
            break;
        case R.id.button_phone:
            callMe("15257135393");
            break;
        case R.id.button_bower:
            openWebPage("http://www.xiaomi.com");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

布局文件

<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_alarm"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="创建闹钟" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_event"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="添加日历" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_ca"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="启动相机" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_cact"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="打开联系人" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_cact_inset"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="插入联系人" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_email"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="打开电子邮件" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_email_app"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="打开电子邮件" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_cat"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="叫车" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_map"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="打开地图应用" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_audio"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="播放特定歌手音乐" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_phone"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="打电话" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_bower"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="打开浏览器" />

</LinearLayout>