CentOS 6.5 生产环境编译安装LNMP

作者: 无极生两仪 | 来源:发表于2017-04-27 10:53 被阅读0次

    一、环境准备

    1、操作系统安装:CentOS6.5 64位最小化安装。
    2、配置好IP、DNS、网关、主机名
    3、配置防火墙,开启80、3306端口

    vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
    
    -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT #允许80端口通过防火墙
    -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT #允许3306端口通过防火墙
    

    特别提示:如果这两条规则添加到防火墙配置的最后一行,导致防火墙启动失败,正确的应该是添加到默认的22端口 。

    /etc/init.d/iptables restart #最后重启防火墙使配置生效
    

    4、关闭SELinux

    vi /etc/selinux/configurations
    
    #SELINUX=enforcing #注释掉
    #SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉
    SELINUX=disabled #增加
    
    :wq! #保存退出 
    setenforce 0 #使配置立即生效
    

    二、系统约定

    硬盘分区:50G(/boot 200M /swap 8192M /)+100G(/usr)
    软件源代码包存放位置:/usr/local/src
    源码包编译安装位置:/usr/local/软件名
    数据库数据文件存储路径/usr/data/mysql/var

    三、软件包下载

    1、nginx(目前稳定版)
    http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz
    2、pcre (支持nginx伪静态)
    ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.40.tar.gz
    3、MySQL
    https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
    https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.54.tar.gz
    http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
    4、php
    http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.5.7.tar.gz
    http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.29.tar.gz
    5、cmake(MySQL编译工具)
    http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.12.1.tar.gz
    6、libmcrypt(PHPlibmcrypt模块)
    http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
    7、GD库安装包(php页面图片验证码支持)
    http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/GD-2.18.tar.gz
    8、libevent(memcached支持)
    http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/libevent-1.4.12-stable.tar.gz
    9、memcached(memcached服务端)
    http://memcached.org/files/memcached-1.4.34.tar.gz
    10、libmemcached(memcached 客户端库)
    https://launchpadlibrarian.net/165454254/libmemcached-1.0.18.tar.gz
    11、memcached(php的memcached扩展)
    http://pecl.php.net/get/memcached-2.2.0.tgz
    12、swoole(php的swoole扩展)
    https://codeload.github.com/swoole/swoole-src/tar.gz/v1.9.9

    四、安装编译工具及库文件

    使用CentOS yum命令一键安装

    yum install -y make apr* autoconf automake curl curl-devel gcc gcc-c++ gtk+-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel gd kernel keyutils patch perl kernel-headers compat* cpp glibc libgomp libstdc++-devel keyutils-libs-devel libsepol-devel libselinux-devel krb5-devel libXpm* freetype freetype-devel freetype* fontconfig fontconfig-devel libjpeg* libpng* php-common php-gd gettext gettext-devel ncurses* libtool* libxml2 libxml2-devel patch policycoreutils bison
    

    五、软件安装篇

    1、安装cmake

    cd /usr/local/src
    tar zxvf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
    cd cmake-2.8.8
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake
    make #编译
    make install #安装
    vim /etc/profile 在path路径中增加cmake执行文件路径
    export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin
    source /etc/profile使配置立即生效
    
    

    2、安装pcre

    cd /usr/local/src
    mkdir /usr/local/pcre #创建安装目录
    tar zxvf pcre-8.34.tar.gz
    cd pcre-8.34
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre #配置
    make && make install
    

    3、安装libmcrypt

    cd /usr/local/src
    tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz #解压
    cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 #进入目录
    ./configure #配置
    make #编译
    make install #安装
    

    4、安装gd库

    cd /usr/local/src
    tar zxvf gd-2.0.36RC1.tar.gz
    cd gd-2.0.36RC1
    ./configure --enable-m4_pattern_allow —prefix=/usr/local/gd --with-jpeg=/usr/lib --with-png=/usr/lib --with-xpm=/usr/lib --with-freetype=/usr/lib --with-fontconfig=/usr/lib #配置
    make #编译
    make install #安装
    

    5、安装及配置Mysql

    安装mysql

    groupadd mysql #添加mysql组
    useradd -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false #创建用户mysql并加入到mysql组,不允许mysql用户直接登录系统
    mkdir -p /usr/data/mysql/var #创建MySQL数据库存放目录
    chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/data/mysql/var #设置MySQL数据库目录权限
    cd /usr/local/src
    tar zxvf mysql-5.5.35.tar.gz #解压
    cd mysql-5.5.35
    cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/data/mysql/var -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc #配置
    make #编译
    make install #安装
    

    配置文件及生成mysql系统数据库

    cd /usr/local/mysql
    cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf #拷贝配置文件(注意:如果/etc目录下面默认有一个my.cnf,直接覆盖即可)
    vi /etc/my.cnf #编辑配置文件,在 [mysqld] 部分增加
    datadir = /usr/data/mysql/var #添加MySQL数据库路径
    ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql #生成mysql系统数据库
    

    设置Mysql开机启动

    cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #把Mysql加入系统启动
    chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #增加执行权限
    chkconfig mysqld on #加入开机启动 
    vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #编辑
    basedir = /usr/local/mysql #MySQL程序安装路径
    datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var #MySQl数据库存放目录
    service mysqld start #启动
    

    设置Mysql环境变量

    vi /etc/profile #把mysql服务加入系统环境变量:在最后添加下面这一行
    export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
    source /etc/profile #使配置立即生效
    

    设置Mysql初始密码

    mkdir /var/lib/mysql #创建目录
    ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock #添加软链接
    mysql_secure_installation #设置Mysql密码,根据提示按Y 回车输入2次密码
    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456" #或者直接修改密码
    

    到此,mysql安装完成!

    6、安装及配置nginx

    安装nginx

    cd /usr/local/src
    groupadd www #添加www组
    useradd -g www www -s /bin/false #创建nginx运行账户www并加入到www组,不允许www用户直接登录系统
    tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz
    cd nginx-1.4.4
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --without-http_memcached_module --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=/usr/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.31
    注意:--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.34指向的是源码包解压的路径,而不是安装的路径,否则会报错
    make
    make install
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #启动nginx
    

    设置nginx开启启动

    vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #编辑启动文件添加下面内容
    
    #!/bin/bash
    # nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
    # it is v.0.0.2 version.
    # chkconfig: - 85 15
    # description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
    # It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
    # processname: nginx
    # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
    # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    nginxd=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    nginx_pid=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
    RETVAL=0
    prog="nginx"
    # Source function library.
    . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
    # Source networking configuration.
    . /etc/sysconfig/network
    # Check that networking is up.
    [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
    [ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
    # Start nginx daemons functions.
    start() {
    if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
    echo "nginx already running...."
    exit 1
    fi
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
    return $RETVAL
    }
    # Stop nginx daemons functions.
    stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $nginxd
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
    }
    reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
    killproc $nginxd -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    }
    # See how we were called.
    case "$1" in
    start)
    start
    ;;
    stop)
    stop
    ;;
    reload)
    reload
    ;;
    restart)
    stop
    start
    ;;
    status)
    status $prog
    RETVAL=$?
    ;;
    *)
    echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
    exit 1
    esac
    exit $RETVAL
    
    :wq! #保存退出
    chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx #赋予文件执行权限
    chkconfig nginx on #设置开机启动
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx restart #重新启动Nginx
    service nginx restart
    

    7、安装php

    cd /usr/local/src
    tar -zvxf php-5.5.7.tar.gz
    cd php-5.5.7.
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-gd --with-iconv --with-zlib --enable-xml --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear --with-gettext --enable-session --with-mcrypt --with-curl --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir
    make #编译
    make install #安装
    
    cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini #复制php配置文件到安装目录
    rm -rf /etc/php.ini #删除系统自带配置文件
    ln -s /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini /etc/php.ini #添加软链接
    cp /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf #拷贝模板文件为php-fpm配置文件
    vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf #编辑
    

    编辑 /usr/local/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf

    user = www #设置php-fpm运行账号为www
    group = www #设置php-fpm运行组为www
    pid = run/php-fpm.pid #取消前面的分号
    

    设置 php-fpm开机启动

    cp /usr/local/src/php-5.5.7/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #拷贝php-fpm到启动目录
    chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm #添加执行权限
    chkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机启动
    vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini #编辑配置文件
    

    找到下面几项并更改

    disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,escapeshellcmd,dll,popen,disk_free_space,checkdnsrr,checkdnsrr,getservbyname,getservbyport,disk_total_space,posix_ctermid,posix_get_last_error,posix_getcwd, posix_getegid,posix_geteuid,posix_getgid, posix_getgrgid,posix_getgrnam,posix_getgroups,posix_getlogin,posix_getpgid,posix_getpgrp,posix_getpid, posix_getppid,posix_getpwnam,posix_getpwuid, posix_getrlimit, posix_getsid,posix_getuid,posix_isatty, posix_kill,posix_mkfifo,posix_setegid,posix_seteuid,posix_setgid, posix_setpgid,posix_setsid,posix_setuid,posix_strerror,posix_times,posix_ttyname,posix_uname
    #列出PHP可以禁用的函数,如果某些程序需要用到这个函数,可以删除,取消禁用
    
    date.timezone = PRC #设置时区
    expose_php = OFF #禁止显示php版本的信息
    short_open_tag = ON #支持php短标签
    

    8、配置nginx支持php

    vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 配置文件,需做如下修改
    
    user www www;#首行user去掉注释, 修改Nginx运行组为www www; 必须与 / usr / local / php / etc / php - fpm.conf中的user, group配置相同, 否则php运行出错 
    worker_processes 1;
    events {
        worker_connections 1024;
    }
    http {
        include mime.types;
        default_type application / octet - stream;
        
        sendfile on;
        # tcp_nopush on;
        #tcp_nodelay on;
    
        # keepalive_timeout 0;
        keepalive_timeout 65;
        
        # keepalive_timeout 0;
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 128 k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 128 k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256 k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256 k;
    
        #gzip on;
        gzip on;
        gzip_min_length 1 k;
        gzip_buffers 4 32 k;
        gzip_http_version 1.1;
        gzip_comp_level 2;
        gzip_types text / plain application / x - javascript text / css application / xml;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";
    
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
        client_max_body_size 100 m;
        client_header_buffer_size 256 k;
        large_client_header_buffers 4 256 k;
    
        server {
            listen 80;
            server_name localhost;
            location / {
                root html;
                index index.php index.html index.htm;
            }
            location~\.php$ {
                root html;
                fastcgi_pass 127.0 .0 .1: 9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    
    /etc/init.d/nginx restart #重启nginx
    

    9、安装pdo_mysql扩展
    该扩展可在编译时使用--with-pdo-mysql开启,如编译时未开启,可在/usr/local/src/php-5.6.30/ext/pdo_mysql找到该扩展包。

    cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.30/ext/pdo_mysql #打开php自带pdo_mysql扩展包
    /usr/local/php5/bin/phpize #执行完 phpize 命令后,在 pdo_mysql 目录中就会出现 configure
    ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ 
    #--with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config 指定安装 PHP 的时候的配置
    #--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ 指定 mysql的安装目录位置
    make
    make install
    

    此时会在以下目录生成 /usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/pdo_mysql.so

    vi /usr/local/php5/etc/php.ini #编辑php.ini 配置文件,如下
    
    extension=/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/pdo_mysql.so #也可 extension=pdo_mysql.so
    service php-fpm restart #重启php
    

    ** 10、安装memcached扩展**

    安装libevent类库

    cd /usr/local/src/libevent-2.0.12-stable #
    ./configure #默认安装到/usr/local/lib/目录
    make
    make install
    

    安装Memcached 服务端

    cd /usr/local/src/memcached-1.4.34 #打开Memcached 服务端源文件
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached
    make
    make install
    

    pecl.php.net有两个memcache扩展:memcache和memcached。
    memcached 的版本比较新,而且使用的是 libmemcached 库。libmemcached 被认为做过更好的优化,应该比 php only 版本的 memcache 有着更高的性能。我们这里选择安装的是memcached。

    安装libmemcached库

    cd /usr/local/src/libmemcached-1.0.4  
    ./configure  
    make  
    make install
    

    安装memcached扩展

    cd /usr/local/src/memcached-2.2.0
    /usr/loca/php5/bin/phpize  
    ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config  
    make  
    make install  
    

    11、安装swoole 扩展

    cd /usr/local/src/swoole-src-1.9.6
    /usr/loca/php5/bin/phpize  
    ./configure --enable-swoole --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config  
    make  
    make install 
    

    六、测试篇

    cd /usr/local/nginx/html/ #进入nginx默认网站根目录
    rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/* #删除默认测试页
    vi index.php #新建index.php文件
    
    <?php
    phpinfo();
    ?>
    
    :wq! #保存退出
    chown www.www /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录所有者
    chmod 700 /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R #设置目录权限
    

    七、其它说明

    服务器相关操作命令

    service nginx restart #重启nginx
    service mysqld restart #重启mysql
    /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm #启动php-fpm
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm restart #重启php-fpm
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm stop #停止php-fpm
    /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm start #启动php-fpm
    nginx默认站点目录是:/usr/local/nginx/html/
    权限设置:chown www.www /usr/local/nginx/html/ -R
    MySQL数据库目录是:/usr/local/mysql/var
    权限设置:chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/var
    

    八、安全优化

    sherwin@rocnic~$ssh root@172.16.134.141
    root@172.16.134.141's password:
    Last login: Sat Jan 18 12:11:57 2014 from 172.16.134.1
    -bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory
    [root@dev01 ~]# locale
    locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
    locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
    LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    LC_CTYPE=UTF-8
    LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
    LC_ALL=
    

    本文转载于:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-10/123845.htm

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