如何配置 163 yum 源

小红帽系统比较不优秀的地方就是自带的 yum 是收费的，不注册就不让装软件！

This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register. 

所以要删掉自带的 yum：

rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps

下载这三个文件：wget -i url.txt:

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm                                                                                      
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                        
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm 

安装：

rpm -ivh yum-* 

从 mirrors.163.com 下载对应版本的 repo 文件, repo 文件的内容如下：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

官网上说把该文件放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/。 但是没有说要要把 $releasever 替换为对应的版本，关于版本怎么查看：

uname -a # Linux haBigData1 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jul 6 19:56:57 EDT 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 

看 el7.x86_64 中字母 x 前面的那个数字就是 $releasever， 即现在我的 CentOS 使用的 Red Hat Linux 版本为 7（Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4(64-bit)）。

我需要把 CentOS-Base.repo 文件中所有的 $releasever 都替换为数字 7，而不是傻傻的拿过来直接用。替换完之后：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

清除和创建缓存：

yum clean all
yum makecache

但是执行 yum makecache 的时候又报错了：

Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: atomic/$releasever/x86_64

发现 /etc/yum.repos.d 目录下面还有其它的 repo 文件：

ls /etc/yum.repos.d  # atomic.repo  CentOS-Base.repo  redhat.repo 

看报错信息，可能是 atomic.repo 这个文件中有 $releasever 没替换成 7，所以和上面一样，全部替换，再 yum makecache 就可以了！

# Name: Atomic Rocket Turtle RPM Repository for CentOS / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 - 
# URL: http://www.atomicrocketturtle.com/
[atomic]
name = CentOS / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 - atomic
mirrorlist = http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/mirrorlist/atomic/centos-7-$basearch
enabled = 1
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY.art.txt
    file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY.atomicorp.txt
gpgcheck = 1

# Almost Stable, release candidates for [atomic]
[atomic-testing]
name = CentOS / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 - atomic - (Testing)
mirrorlist = http://updates.atomicorp.com/channels/mirrorlist/atomic-testing/centos-7-$basearch
enabled = 0
protect = 0
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY.art.txt
    file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY.atomicorp.txt
gpgcheck = 1

配置本地 yum 源

把 CDROM 里面的 Packages 和 repodata 和 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 文件上传到服务器, Packages 里面是 .rpm 文件。

[root@bigdata1 cdrom]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 221184 12月  4 01:07 Packages
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root   4096 12月  4 01:07 repodata
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   1690 12月  4 01:06 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

在 /etc/yum.repos.d 里面配置一个本地仓库：

[base-local]
name=CentOS-local
baseurl=file:///data/cdrom
keepcache=1
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///data/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

CentOS 7 安装 htop

验证一下：

yum -y install epel-release

yum -y install htop