【磁流】第6章 用永磁铁和电磁铁制作磁流

Making magnetic current with permanent and electric magnets, and without either.
用永磁铁和电磁铁制作磁流，没有其它东西。

This time you will make a equipment that can be used for four purposes. Electric magnet, transformer, generator and holder of perpetual motion.
这次你将制造一个可用于四个目的设备。电磁铁、变压器、发电机和永动装置。

Bend iron or soft steel bar one and one half inch in diameter, bend in a U shape each prong a foot long, and three inches between the prongs,
Make two spools from brass or aluminum six inches long and big enough for the bar to go in.
Wind fifteen hundred turns of insulated copper wire, size sixteen, on each spool.
Put on as close to the bend as it will go.
Connect the battery with the coils so that each current is running in both coil at the same time, and so that one end of the bar is North Pole and the other South Pole. Now you have an electric magnet.

找一个半英寸直径的铁棒或者软钢棒，弯成一个每个叉脚一英尺长的U形，叉脚间三英寸宽,
用黄铜或铝制作两个线轴，6英寸长，中间可以插入铁棒叉脚。
用16号绝缘铜线在每一个线轴上绕一千五百圈。
放到U形铁尽可能根部不弯曲的位置
连接电池与线圈, 以便两个电流都是同时运行在两个线圈，所以U形的一端是北极和另一端是南极。现在你有了一个电磁铁。

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This time the same thing will be a transformer.
这次同样的东西将是一个变压器。

It will not be economical, it is only to show how a transformer works.
它不是经济划算的，它只是说明变压器的工作原理。

Wind a coil of fifteen hundred turns with insulated copper wire, size eighteen, on a spool less than three inches long, so that one inch and a half square iron rod can go in easy,
Get two rods, one three, the other six inches long, if possible have them from laminated iron.
Get two radio blue bead, six to eight-volt light bulbs.
Now connect one light bulb with the three-inch coil,
Put the coil without a core between the loose ends of the iron prongs,
Connect the six-inch coils with battery,
Leave negative terminal open.
Tap the negative terminal, then you will see the wire inside the light bulb turn red.

用18号绝缘铜线在一个线轴上绕一千五百圈，线轴不超过三英寸长， 以便1.5英寸的方铁能很容易插进去,
找两个棒,一个三英寸,另一个六英寸长,如果可能的话它们由薄铁片叠成。
找两个收音机的蓝色小泡，六到八伏的灯泡。
现在把一个灯泡与三英寸线圈相连,
把中空的线圈放在铁叉脚之间,
把六英寸线圈与电池相连,
负极那边断开。
轻触负极，然后您将看到线在灯泡变红了。

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Put the iron core in the coil’s hole,
Tap the battery, this time it will make light.

把铁心在放在线圈中,
接通电池, 这次它发光了。

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Q) Why did it not make just as much light the first, the battery put just as much magnet in those iron prongs the first time as it did the last time, but as you see, the coil did not get the magnets.
问)为什么第二次的亮度和第一次不一样，两次电池投入了同样多的磁粒子在U型铁上，但如你所见，线圈没有获取到那么多磁粒子。

Now you see the soft iron has a lot to do to make magnetic currents.( soft iron has a lot to do with making magnetic current)
现在你看到，软铁在产生磁流方面有很大作用。

Magnetic currents, or if you want to call electric current, make no light. We only get light if we put obstructions in the light bulbs.
磁流，或者如果你想叫电流，不产生光。我们只有在灯泡里里面放上障碍物才能得到光。

In the light bulbs the wire is so small that all magnets cannot pass through easily, so they heat the wire up and burn and make light.
在灯泡中灯丝细到所有磁粒子不能轻易的通过，所以他们加热和燃烧导线并产生光。

If the wire in the light bulb had been as large inside as it is outside then there would be no light. Then those individual magnets which are in the coil would dissipate in air.
如果灯泡内灯丝和外面的线一样粗将不会产生光。这些在线圈中的磁粒子就消散在空气中。

Both North and South Pole individual magnet currents which came out of the car battery and went in the transformer were direct currents, but the light in the bulb was caused by alternating currents.
来自汽车电池进入变压器里的南北极磁流都是直流，但灯泡里的光由交流引起。

(Have in mind that always there are two currents, one current alone cannot run. To run they have to run one against the other.)
（记住，总是有两个流，一个流无法运行。要运行他们必须一个以另一个为基础。）

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You transformed currents in kind. Now I will tell you how to transform currents in strength.
你改变电流的类型。现在我将告诉你如何改变电流强度。

To make higher voltage you wind the coil with smaller wire and more turns and to have less voltage wind the coil with bigger wire and less turns.
为了得到更高的电压你要用更细的导线绕更多的匝数；降低电压可以加大线圈的径线和减少线圈匝数。

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The difference now is that this transformer makes alternating currents from direct currents and the power line transformers use alternating currents to make alternating currents.
不同的是现在这个变压器让直接电流变交流电，而电力线路变压器使用交流变交流电

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In this transformer, the iron prong ends remain the same magnetic polarity (magnet pole), but in power line transformers the polarities (magnet pole) alternate. In power line transformers the currents only are in motion and in this transformer the currents are in motion and you are, too.
在这个变压器中，U形铁的叉脚保持相同的磁极性(磁极)，但在电力线路变压器中的极性(磁极)是变换的。在电力线路变压器中电流仅仅在运动，在这个变压器中电流在运动，你同样也是。

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Now about the generator.
现在说发电机。

In the first place all currents are alternating, to get direct currents we have to use a commutator.
首先所有的电流是交流，为了得到直流，我们必须用一个换向器。

Transformers and generators of any description are making the currents in the same way by filling the coil’s iron core with magnets and letting the iron core push them out and into the coil.
任何对变压器和发电机的描述都是用同样的方式使用电流，通过向线圈里的铁心填充磁粒子并让铁芯把磁粒子赶出去进入线圈。

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Connect the battery with the electric magnet, it will be a field magnet now.
Put the three-inch coil between the iron prongs,
And take it out,
Do it fast,
Repeat it.

电池连接电磁铁, 它现在是一个区域磁铁了。
把三英寸线圈放在叉脚之间,
把它拉出来,
动作要快,
重复它。

Then you will have a steady light in the light bulb.
然后你将看到灯泡发出稳定的光。

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Now you and the field magnet are a generator.
现在你和磁场是一个发电机。

I suppose you had a wheel and many coils around the wheel turning, then you would be making all kinds of light. Do not make the machine, I already have the application for patent in the Patent Office. I made ten different machines to make magnetic currents, but I fund this combination between field magnets and coils the most efficient.
我猜想你用一个轮子和许多线圈围着轮子转动，然后将产生所有类型的光。不要做这个机器了，我已经在专利局申请专利了。我做了十个不同产生磁流的机器, 但我发现磁场和线圈组合是最有效的。

Put the coil in slowly and take it out slowly, then you will have no light.
慢慢地放入线圈再慢慢地把它拿出来将不发光。

That will show, to make magnetic currents, the time is important.
这说明，产生磁流，时间是重要的。

Put the six-inch long square rod on top of the two iron prongs, fit good so it lies even.
Connect the battery with electric magnet for a little while,
Now disconnect the battery,
Connect the light bulb with the electric magnet the same way it was connected with the battery,
Now pull off the six-inch long bar, do it quickly,

放一个六英寸长的方铁棒在两个铁叉脚上面，放好。
连接电池和电动磁铁一会儿
现在断开电池
用连接电池相同的方式连接灯泡与电动磁铁
现在迅速拿走6英寸铁棒,
Then you will see light in the bulb
然后你会看到灯泡在发光。

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Connect the battery up again with the electric magnet,
Put the bar across the iron prongs,
Hold a while,
Disconnect the battery.

再次连接电池与电动磁铁
把铁棒放到叉脚上。
持有一段时间,
断开电池。

Now the electric magnet holds perpetual motion. If not disturbed it will last indefinitely. I held it in this position for six months, and when I pulled off the six-inch bar I got just as much light out of it as I got in the first time.
现在电磁铁里保存了永恒的运动。如果不打扰它将永远持续下去。我把它放在那里六个月，当我移开6英寸铁棒时我得到了和第一次一样强的光。

This experiment shows that if you start the North and South Pole individual magnets in an orbit, then they will never stop.
这个实验表明，如果你在一个轨道开动南北极磁流，然后他们将永远不会停止。
注：下面将以“永动体”代表保存了永恒的运动的电磁铁

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The hanging magnets that hang up and down, they show that there is motion inside the bar.
上下悬挂的磁铁证明永动体中是有磁流运动的。

Hold the perpetual motion holder North Pole magnet (or pole and East) and South Pole magnet terminal (or pole end West),
Now raise it up slowly to the South Pole hanging magnet, then you will see the South Pole hanging magnet swinging South.
Now put the perpetual motion holder under the North Pole hanging magnet swinging North.

永动体东西向拿住，北极磁铁向东，南极磁铁向西,
现在慢慢升高它向悬挂的南极磁铁靠近，然后您将看到南极悬挂磁铁向南摆动。
现在把它放到北极悬挂磁铁下将向北摆动。

This experiment shows without any doubt that the North and South Pole individual magnets are running in the same direction as those in the copper wire, which came out of the car battery, and in both instances while the magnets are running ahead in whirling motion they used the right-hand twist.
这个实验毫无疑问的表明了，南北极磁流同汽车电池里产生运行于铜导线中的磁流一样运行在同一个方向, 在这两个实例中，磁粒子旋转向前运动，符合右手螺旋法则。

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Get the Alnico magnet,
And make it so you can turn it round if possible more than two thousand revolutions a minute.
Connect the light bulb with the perpetual motion holder,
Put it on the spinning Alnico magnet in the hole between prongs and the square iron bar,
Now spin the Alnico magnet around and see how much of the light you get.
Now take the iron bar off.

找一块铝镍钴合金磁铁,
使它可以旋转，最好可以超过二千转每分钟。
连接灯泡和永动体
把旋转的铝镍钴合金磁铁放在由叉脚和衔铁的框里，
现在旋转铝镍钴合金磁铁，看看你得到了多少光。
现在去掉衔铁。

Then you will get more of the light.
然后你将得到更亮的光。

It shows that if it is closed, some of the magnets which were in the iron prongs will run around in an orbit, and will not come out. But when the orbit is broken, then they will run in the coil and the result will be more light.
这表明，如果它是封路，一些铁叉脚里的磁粒子将在一个轨道上运行，并且不会出来。但是当轨道断开，他们将回到线圈，结果是更加亮。

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Put a paper box with plenty of Iron filings in it on the horizontally spinning Alnico magnet, then you will see how the spinning magnet builds up ridges and ditches.
Now put the magnet so that it can be turned vertically.
Spin the magnet, then you will see the filings running against the motion and building up ridges and ditches.
Put on finger filings, then there will be finer ridges and ditches.
Spin one way and then the other way.

把一个装了大量铁屑的纸箱子放在旋转的铝镍钴合金磁铁上方，然后你将看到旋转磁铁如何构建了山脊和沟渠。
现在把磁铁垂直摆放。
旋转磁铁，然后你会看到铁屑和运动碰撞并建立山脊和沟渠。
用手指轻敲，铁粉将更好显现山脊和沟渠。
旋转只是一个方法，之后是其他的方式。

Then you will have some rough idea how magnets build up the matter.
那时你将会有一些粗略的想法，磁粒子如何组成物质。

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You made magnetic currents in three different ways, but in principle they all were made exactly in the same way.
你用三种不同的方式制作磁流，但在原理上他们都是用同一种方式制作的。

Magnetic currents are made by concentrating, then dividing and shifting the existing North and South Pole individual magnets from one place to another.
磁流是通过集中，然后分开和移动现有的南北极磁粒子从一个地方到另一个地方创建的。

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Now I will illustrate how my best machine is doing it.
现在我来举例说明我最好的机器是怎样做出它的。

I will use only one coil, and one U shape permanent magnet without using the wilding that the machine uses to increase the permanent magnet strength.
我将用仅仅一个线圈和一个U形永磁铁，不用任何增加永磁力量的机器。

If you had a permanent magnet that the coil you use in the electric magnet would go in between the prongs of it, then that would be good to demonstrate, but if you have not, then use the same one you have.
如果你有一个永磁铁，电磁铁的线圈可以放进它的叉脚中间，那么对证明来说是最好的，但如果你没有，那么用你有的同样的也行。

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Get an iron core the same dimensions as in the three-inch coil, but long enough to go between the permanent magnet prongs.
Wind the same number of turns and connect with the light bulb.

拿一个直径同3英寸线圈的铁芯，保证铁芯的长度能放进U形磁铁的叉脚里。
缠绕同样圈数并连到灯泡

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Pasten the U shape permanent magnet very good, bend up, prongs down, North Pole North, South Pole South.
Now push the coil through the prongs from West to East.
Do it fast.

固定好U型磁铁，弯的部分向上叉脚向下，北极对着北，南极对着南。
现在从西向东推线圈通过叉脚。
速度要快

Then there will be light in the bulb,
那么灯泡将发光。

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Now push the coil and stop in middle, and then push again, this time you will have two lights while the coil went through the magnet prongs only once.
现在把线圈推到中间，然后再推走。这次你将看到灯亮两次，而线圈只通过叉脚一次。

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You had two lights the first time also, but you did not notice they came in quick succession. When you pushed the coil’s middle up to field magnet’s middle the currents ran in one direction, and when you pushed the coil away from the field magnet’s middle, then the currents reversed, then ran in the other direction.
灯第一次也亮了两次。但是你没有注意到因为发生的很快。你向上推线圈到磁铁中部时电流朝一个方向流动，当你把线圈从磁铁中间推出时，电流反转，之后在反方向流动。

That is why you got two light flashes while the coil passed through the field magnet only one time.
这就是为什么线圈通过磁铁的区域一次，而灯却闪了两次。

Here is the way in which the North and South Pole individual magnet currents ran while you pushed the coil from West to East through the field magnet.
这就是在你把线圈从西向东穿过磁场区域时南北极磁流的运动方式。

Take the core out of the coil,
Wind one layer of wire on the core and make it so that the North side of the winding wire’s end points East and South side of the winding wire’s end points West,

把线圈的铁芯取出来
缠绕一层导线在铁芯上，让北边的线头留出来朝东，南边的线头朝西。

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When you pushed the coil to the middle of the field magnet, the North Pole magnet current came out of the wire end that is pointing East, and the South Pole magnet current came out of the wire end that is pointing West, but when you pushed the coil away from the middle of the field magnet the currents reversed, then North Pole magnet current came out of the coil’s wire end that is pointing West and South Pole magnet current came out of the coil’s end that is pointing East.
当你把线圈推到磁铁区域中间的时候，北极磁流从指向东的线的末端发出，南极磁流从指向西的线圈末端出来。但是当你把线圈从磁场中间拿走时，磁流会反向。北极磁流从指向西的末端发出，而南极磁流从指向东的线圈末端发出。

With the same winding, if the North Pole field magnet had been southside, and South Pole field magnet northside, then the running of the currents would be reversed.
用同样的绕线方式，如果磁铁的北极放在南边，南极放在北边，那么磁流将会反向。

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When currents reverse they reverse the magnet poles in the coil. Every time when the coil is approaching the field magnets, the currents which are made in the coil during that time are making magnet poles in the coil’s core ends, the same as those field magnet poles they are approaching, but during the time the coil is receding those currents are making the coil’s magnet poles opposite to the field magnets they are receding from.
当电流反转时，他们也反转了线圈中的磁极。每次当线圈靠近磁性区域时，在线圈中产生的磁流在线圈两端创建磁极，磁场靠近线圈时也是一样的，但是当线圈电流减弱时，磁流产生的线圈磁极和磁场减弱方向相反。

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While you have the small coil handy I will tell more about magnets.
Run South Pole magnet current in the wire end that points West, and North Pole magnet current in the wire end that points East.Now North end of the coil is South Pole and South end of the coil is North Pole.Now run North Pole magnet current in West end of the wire, and South Pole magnet in East end of the wire. This time the North end of the coil will be North Pole, and South end of the coil the South Pole.
如果你有随手的小线圈，我将告诉你关于磁粒子更多信息。关于磁
让发出南极磁流的线圈末端指向西，北极磁流末端指向东。现在线圈的北端是南极南端是北极。现在让北极磁流在线圈西端，南极磁流在线圈东端。这次北端是北极，南端是南极了。

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You made the one-inch long magnets with a single wire, but if you had
The same size of wire in a coil you now have and would
put a bigger steel bar in the coil
Then you would have a bigger and stronger magnet.

你用一根导线做一个一英寸长的磁铁，但如果你有
同样尺寸的线线你可以
放一个更大的铁棒在线圈中
那么你将得到一个更大更强的磁铁。

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But to make stronger magnet yet, you would have to
Wind more layers on top of the coil that you have now.
为了使磁力更强，你需要
比现在缠绕更多层的导线。

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When you were making the small magnets with a single copper wire you wasted too many North and South Pole individual magnets. You only got in the steel wire very small part of the magnets that came out of the copper wire. You are still wasting the North and South Pole magnets. You do not get one-half of the magnets in the steel or iron bar from those which are in the coil. To get more magnet out of coil
当你正在用一根铜线做小磁铁的时候，你浪费了大量的南北极磁。 你仅仅得到从铜线里出来的磁粒子很少的一部分。 你仍在浪费南北极磁。你在钢或铁棒中得到的甚至不到线圈中的磁的1/2。 为了得到更多的从线圈中发出的磁。

Put the coil in steel or iron tube,
把线圈放进钢管或铁管中。

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Then the tube outside the coil will be a magnet the same as the coil’s core, but the magnet poles will be opposite. It means at the same coil end if the core end is North Pole the tube end will be South Pole. In this way you will get almost again as much magnet out of the coil and in the core and tube.
之后线圈外的管子将是一个和线圈内芯一样的磁铁，但这个磁铁的磁极是相反的。也就是说同一端如果线圈内芯北极，那么管子的就是南极。用这种方式，你将在内芯和管子中得到几乎和线圈中出来的一样多的磁。

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You can do better yet,
Join one end of the coil’s core end with the same metal, joining core with tube make two holes in end of metal for the coil wire ends to go out,
Fasten a ring on top,

其实你还可以做的更好
把管子的一端和线圈的芯的一端用同样的金属连接起来，连接后金属上制作两个孔让线圈的导线可以同来。
在顶部打一个结。

Now you have the most efficient client electric magnet for lifting purposes.
现在你有了可以去提升物体的最有效率的电磁铁。

It wastes no magnets that come from your battery or dynamo.
这种方式没有浪费从电池或电动机里产生的一点磁。

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Take the coil out of the electric magnet,
Run the currents in the coil,
Put a hard steel bar one end to the coil’s North Pole,
Hold awhile,
Take away,

从电磁铁中拿出线圈。
在线圈中通电
放一个钢棒的一端在线圈的北极
保持一会
取出来

Now the bar is permanent magnet.
现在这个棒就是永磁铁了

That end at coil’s side is South Pole magnet, and the other North Pole magnet. Now this permanent magnet can make other hard steel bars in permanent magnets but every magnet that it makes will be a weaker magnet than itself.
线圈端是南极磁，另一端是北极磁。现在这个永磁铁可以把别的钢棒制成永磁铁，但是制作的每个磁铁的强度都会比它弱一些。

The coil made this permanent magnet in the same way that the permanent magnets are making other permanent magnets.
线圈做永磁铁的方式也是永磁铁做其他永磁铁的方式。

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Put this permanent magnet in the coil’s hole.
Reverse it. Put bar’s North Pole end in coil’s South Pole end,
Run current in the coil for awhile,
Take the bar out,

把这个永磁铁放在线圈中。
反过来，磁棒的北极放在线圈的南极。
通一会电
取出钢棒

Now you have a stronger permanent magnet, but the poles are reserved.
现在你得到一个更强的永磁铁，不过极性是反过来的。

This shows that the stronger magnet can change the weaker magnet.
这说明强磁铁可以改变弱磁铁。

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When you were pushing the coil through the U shaped magnet you got two flashes in the light bulb with one passage through the U shape magnet, and I showed you from which ends of coil’s wire the currents came out while they made the flashes.
当你推线圈穿过U形磁铁时，在一次穿过U形磁铁过程中小灯泡闪了两次， 我已经演示了当闪灯时电流从线圈的哪一端出来。

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Now I will make so you can actually see that it is in the way I told you.
现在我将让你真正的看到它用我告诉你的方式运行。

Take the light bulb off the coil,
Put the core in it,
Connect the coil with a loop that would reach six feet East from the U shape magnet.
Keep the loop end a foot apart,
Stretch South side wire straight, make it so it cannot move.
Get those little hanging magnets which hang one end up, the other down,
Hang the South Pole magnet on the loop wire,
Now push the coil through the U shape magnet and watch the hanging magnet. First it will swing South, then North.

从线圈中取下灯泡
放内芯进去
用一个回路连接线圈，回路能够到U形磁铁东面六英尺。
保持回路端分开一英尺,
拉直南面的线，使它不能动。
拿一些悬挂的小磁铁，一端在上一端在下的挂着,
把南磁极悬挂在回路导线上
现在再让线圈通过U形磁铁，观察悬挂的磁铁。 第一次他们往南摆，然后往北。

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Now hang North Pole magnet on the wire, watch again while you are pushing the coil through the U shape magnet, this time first it will swing North, then South,
现在挂北极磁铁在回路导线上,再看你把线圈通过U形磁铁时，这一次它首先将往北摇，然后往南,

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Hang both magnets, watch again and you will see that both magnets at the same time first they swing to their own side and then to the other side.
悬挂两种磁铁，再看，你会看到，两个磁铁同时首先他们摇摆到他们自己的一面，然后到另一边。

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(If the hanging magnets do not swing while you are pushing the coil through the U shape magnet, then the U shape magnet is not strong enough. The U shape magnet should be strong enough to lift twenty pounds.) You can put two magnets together or use electric magnet, and still better you can put the coil in electric magnet, then you won’t have to push it. Then you can sit down and tap the battery and see the hanging magnets swinging. If you want to use the electric magnet be sure that the North Pole is in North side, and the South Pole in South side, and put the coil in the prongs in the same way as it is now.
(当你把线圈通过U形磁铁如果挂的磁铁不摇摆，那么U形磁铁是不够强。U形磁铁应该足以吸起20磅东西才行)。你可以把两个磁铁放在一起或使用电磁铁，把线圈放到在电磁铁里将更好，那样你就不用去推线圈了。然后你可以坐下来，轻触电池开关来看悬挂的磁铁摆动。如果你想使用电磁铁要确保北极是在北边，南极在南面，用现在相同的方式把线圈放进U形的叉脚。

All currents are made in the same way by filling the coil and iron core with North and South Pole individual magnets and then giving enough time for the magnets to get out and then start over again.
所有的流都是由相同的方式制作的，通过用南北极磁粒子填充线圈和铁芯，然后给予足够的时间使磁粒子可以出去然后开始循环。

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Now I will tell you what happened to the U shape magnet while you pushed the coil through it from West to East.
现在我将告诉你当你推线圈从西到东穿过U形磁铁时发生了什么事了。

Set up the three-foot magnet so it can turn,
Put the coil with core in it in the U shape magnet,
Now approach the three-foot magnet’s South Pole with the U shape magnet’s South Pole.
As soon as the three-foot magnet begins to move you stop and mark the distance.
Take the coil away, approach again,
As soon as – the three-foot magnet begins to move away, then stop and mark the distance,

放置一个三英寸的磁铁并使它可以转动
把有芯的线圈放入U形磁铁中,
现在用U形磁铁的南极靠近三英寸磁铁的南极。
一旦三角磁铁开始移动你就停下并标记移动距离。
取出线圈, 再靠近一次,
一旦三角磁铁开始移动你就停下和标记移动距离。

Then you will see how much strength the U shape magnet lost while you were pushing the coil in and halfway out of the U shape magnet.
然后你会看到U形磁铁减少了多少强度，当你推线圈到U形磁铁中间并半途退出时。

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The U shape magnet was losing its strength up to the time it began to break away from the iron core, but during the time the U shape magnet broke away it regained its strength. The breaking away from the iron core recharged the U shape magnet, then it became normal again and ready for the next start. During the recharging the new supply of magnets came from the air or the earth’s magnetic field.
当U形磁铁突然脱离铁核心时它的强度在减弱，但当U形磁铁脱离了铁核后它又恢复了它的强度。从铁芯脱离重新让U形磁铁充磁了，之后变得正常，准备下次的开始。充磁时新的磁粒子供应来自空气或地球的磁场。

Now we see how the magnetic currents are made by the U shape magnet.
现在我们看看U形磁铁是怎样制造磁流的。

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You already know that before the coil got in between the U shape magnet prongs those little individual magnets were running out of the U shape magnet prongs in all directions, but as soon as the coil’s core came in effective distance from the U shape magnet’s prongs then these little individual magnets began to run in the core and coil and kept running until the core broke away from the U shape magnet prongs. Now you see those little individual magnets ran out of the U shape magnet, and ran in the soft iron core, but the soft iron core never held the magnets, it pushed them out.
你已经知道，在线圈放进U形磁铁叉脚之间前，这些小磁粒子从U形磁铁叉脚四面八方跑出，但一旦线圈的芯进入到U形磁铁叉脚的有效距离，小磁粒子开始跑进铁芯和线圈中并保持运动直到铁芯脱离了U形磁铁叉脚。现在你看到这些小磁粒子跑出U形磁铁并跑进软铁心，但是软铁心从来没占有这些磁粒子，它把它们推了出去。

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To prove it you
Put five or six thin iron strips on edge,
Slant just so they will not flop over,
Now approach to the ends of those strips with a magnet and you will see they flop over,
Hold the strips a little loose by the ends, then they will spread out.

你可以自己去证明。
放五个或六个薄铁条在边缘上,
倾斜刚好不会掉落,
现在用一个磁铁来靠近它们的一端，你会看到它们掉落了,
只是松松的拿着一端时，他们将分散开

I think this is enough to show that the soft iron never held those magnets. It pushed them out. As soon as those little individual magnets get pushed out of the soft iron core then they run in the coil.
我认为这足以说明软铁从来没占有这些磁粒子，它把它们推了出去。一旦这些小磁粒子被软铁核心推出来，之后它们跑进了线圈。

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When they run in the coil they are in bulk form. The coil’s part is to divide those little individual magnets from bulk form in small paths.
当他们跑进线圈时，它们是一堆一堆的形式。线圈的作用是将这些一堆一堆的磁粒子划分到小的线路中。

The coil is not necessary to make magnetic currents. Currents can be made with a single wire. The coil is necessary to increase the amount and strength of the currents. The coil is similar to any cell battery. One cell alone does not amount to anything. To be good, many cells have to be in a battery. The same in a coil to be good many turns have to be in a coil.
线圈不是产生磁流必须的。磁流可以由单根导线产生。但增加磁流的数量和强度线圈是必须的。线圈类似于任何单元电池。一个单元本身无法完成任何事。最好是许多单元在一个电池。同样的在一个线圈最好是许多圈在一个线圈里。

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When the magnets that are in bulk form enter the coil then the coil divides them in small paths. It is done in this way;
当磁粒子以堆的形式进入线圈后，线圈将他们划分到小路径。用这种方式完成

When the bulk magnets enter the coil they fill the coil’s wire with North and South Pole individual magnets. North Pole magnets pointing toward South Pole U shape magnet and South Pole pointing toward North Pole U shape magnet.
当一堆堆磁粒子进入线圈，它们用独立的南北极磁粒子填充线圈的导线。北极磁粒子面向U形磁铁的南极和南极磁粒子面向U形磁铁的北极。

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Now the wire in the coil is one continuous magnet. One side of the wire is South Pole and the other North Pole.
现在，在线圈中的导线是一个连续的磁铁。导线的一侧是南极另一侧是北极。

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Now we have those little North and South Pole individual magnets in the wire, but they are not running in the way we want. They are running across the wire.
现在我们使这些小南北极磁粒子在导线中，但它们并不以我们希望的方式运动。他们会穿过导线.

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We want the magnets to run through the wire lengthwise, but there is only one way to do it, we have to increase the number of those North and South Pole individual magnets. To do it the coil will have to approach and enter the U shape magnet, but when the coil reaches the middle of the U shape magnet the limit is there so the running of the currents stop.
我们希望磁粒子纵向穿过导线，但只有一种方法可以做到，我们必须增加南北极磁粒子的数目。为了这个目的，线圈必须靠近并且进入U形磁铁，但是当线圈达到U形磁铁中间时，那就是极限了，所以磁流停止了运动。

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In the core and coil there is plenty of those little magnets, but they stopped to run through the wire length wise, now they run only across the coil’s wire,
在铁芯和线圈中有大量的小磁粒子，但是它们停止了在导线长度方向的运动，现在他们仅仅是穿过线圈中的导线。

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To make the magnets run in the wire lengthwise again the coil will have to get away from the U shape magnet. As soon as the coil begins to move away from the U shape magnet, then those little North and South Pole individual magnets begin to run again through the wire length-wise, but in opposite direction until the magnets in the iron core are gone.
为了使磁粒子再次沿导线纵向运动，线圈必须远离U形磁铁。一旦线圈开始远离U形磁铁，然后这些小南北极磁粒子再次沿导线纵向运动, 但在相反的方向，直到铁芯中的磁粒子都用完了。

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I told you that the coil is a magnet during the time the currents are made. Now I will show you.
我告诉你，当磁流产生时线圈是一个磁铁。现在我将向您展示。

Get a small paper box to go in between the prongs of the U shape magnet,
Put iron filings in it.
Wrap six-inch long soft iron wire with paper.
Put the wire in box in iron filings,
Now put the box between the U shape magnet prongs.
Raise the wire up, then you will see filing strands clinging to the insulated iron wire.
Raise the wire up slowly, then the filing strands will sag and fail,
Take the box out.
Put the wire in the filings again,
Raise up and you will see that the wire is no magnet. But during the time it was between the U shape magnet prongs it was a magnet.

找一个能够放进U形磁铁叉脚之间小纸盒子,
洒一些铁屑在里面。
把六英寸长的软铁线用纸包起来。
把线放进小盒子的铁屑里,
现在把纸盒放在U形磁铁叉脚间。
拉起铁线，然后你会看到铁屑站起来粘在绝缘铁线上。
慢慢提高铁线，那么铁屑掉下去,
取出纸盒子。
再次把铁线放在铁屑上,
拉起，你会看到铁线是没有磁性的。但在U形磁铁叉脚之间时它是一块磁铁。

This shows that during the time the coil moves through the U shape magnet the coil becomes a magnet, but its function is double. Some individual North and South Pole magnets run through the coil’s wire crosswise, and some run through the coil’s wire lengthwise.
这表明了在线圈穿过U形磁铁时，线圈变成一个磁体，但它的功能是双重的。一些单独的南北极磁粒子横向穿过了线圈，另一些沿线圈导线纵向运动。

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Maybe you think that it is not fair to use iron wire to demonstrate how magnetic currents are made, but I can tell you that if I do not use iron core in the coil I can make more of the magnetic currents with soft iron wire coil than I can with copper wire coil. So you see it is perfectly good to use iron wire to demonstrate how magnetic currents are made. You can do the same thing with the copper wire in using iron filings, but only on a smaller scale.
也许你认为用铁丝来演示如何产生磁电流就不正规的，但我可以告诉你，如果我在线圈中不使用铁芯，我可以用软铁丝线圈比用铜线圈制作更多的磁流。所以你明白用铁丝来演示如何制作磁电流是非常好的。你可以用铜线做同样的事情，但效果较小。

You saw how the magnets are running through a wire crosswise.
Now I will tell you how they are running through the wire lengthwise.
Before the magnets start to run through the wire lengthwise they are lined up in a square across the wire, one side of the wire is North Pole magnet side and the other side is South Pole magnet side.

你明白了磁粒子是怎样横向通过导线的。
现在我将告诉你们它们是如何纵向穿过导线的。
在磁粒子纵向穿过导线前，他们排列成一个方形穿过导线，导线一侧为北极另一侧为南极。

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When the coil begins to approach the middle of the U shape magnet and the currents begin to run then the magnets which are in the wire begin to slant, North Pole magnets pointing East the same as the coil’s wire end, where the North Pole magnets current came out and South Pole magnets pointing West the same as the coil’s wire end where the South Pole magnet current came out.
当线圈开始靠近U形磁铁的中部，磁流开始流动，然后在线圈中的磁粒子开始倾斜，北极磁粒子和发出它的线圈导线尾端相同指向东，南极磁粒子和发出它的线圈导线尾端相同指向西。

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When the coil reaches the middle of the U shape magnet then the currents stop to run. Now the North and South Pole magnets are pointing across the wire again.
当线圈达到U形磁铁中部时磁流就停止了。南北极磁粒子如所指方向穿过导线。

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When the coil begins to move away from the middle of the U shape magnet and the currents begin to run then the magnets which are in the wire begin to slant, but this time the North Pole magnets are pointing West the same as the coil’s wire end where the North Pole magnet current come out and South Pole magnets pointing East the same as the coil’s wire end where the South Pole magnet current came out.
当线圈开始远离U形磁铁中部时磁流就开始运动，之后线圈中的磁粒子开始倾斜，但这次北极磁粒子和发出它的线圈导线尾端相同指向西，南极磁粒子和发出它的线圈导线尾端相同指向。

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When the coil moves out of the U shape magnet’s effective distance the currents running stop.
当线圈移出了U形磁铁的有效距离时磁流就停止了。

This is the way the alternating currents are made. (AC CURRENT)
这就是交流电的产生方式。

When the individual North and South Pole magnets are running through a wire lengthwise they are running in slant and whirling around while running ahead.
当独立的南北极磁粒子纵向穿过导线时，他们倾斜、旋转的向前行进。

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You can see the slant by watching the sparks when you are putting together and pulling away soft iron wire ends which are connected to the battery by their other ends.
你可以通过观察在连接或拉开连着电池的软铁线的两端时产生的火花看到倾斜。

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To see how the currents are running out of the coil’s wire watch those six one-inch long magnets which lie on the glass.
为了明白磁流是如何跑到线圈导线外的，观察平放在玻璃上的六个一英寸长的磁铁。

Put those magnets together with ends even, then let them loose,
把这些磁铁相同的端放到一起，然后松开,

Then you will see that they will roll away and if the magnets be stronger then they will roll away farther.
然后你会看到，他们将滚开，如果磁铁越强他们将滚得更远。

This is the way the North and South Pole individual magnets are running out of the coil’s wire lengthwise.
这是南北极独立磁粒子在线圈导线纵向方向跑出导线的方式。

The reason the North and South Pole individual magnets do not run across through the coil’s wire as fast out as they run in while the coil is between the U shape magnet, the coil’s wire is insulated, there is an air space around every wire and as it is know that the dry air is the best obstruction for the magnets to go through and as you know the coil is well insulated so the damp air does not get in. it is well know that it is many times easier for the magnets to run in metal, than in air.
线圈在U形磁铁间时，南北极磁粒子的穿出线圈导线没有进入快的原因是，线圈导线是绝缘的，导线周围有空气，众所周知干燥的空气是磁粒子最好的障碍物，而线圈是良好绝缘的，所以潮湿的空气进不来。众所周知磁粒子进入金属比进入空气容易很多倍。

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Now you see when the magnets run in the wire they hesitate to run out of the wire across the same way as they came in, so more of the new magnets are coming in the wire crosswise, then they can get out crosswise, so they get pushed out through the wire lengthwise.
现在你明白了当磁粒子进入导线中后，他们不愿用他们进来的方式跑出线圈，所以更多新磁粒子从导线的横向进来，之后它们能从横向跑出，所以他们被从导线的纵向推出。

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Now you know how the alternating magnetic currents are made.
现在你明白交变磁流是如何产生了吧。

You have been wondering why alternating currents can run so far away from their generators.
你一定想过为什么交流电可以传输到离发电机那么远的地方。

One reason is between every time the currents start and stop there is no pressure in the wire so the magnets from the air run in the wire and when the run starts there already are magnets in the wire which do not have to come from the generator, so the power line itself is a small generator which assists the big generator to furnish the magnets for the currents for the currents to run with.
一个原因是，每次电流的启动和停止之间，导线中是没有压力，所以空气中的磁粒子进入导线中，当运行开始时，导线中已经有磁粒子了，它们不一定要从发电机中产生，所以电力线路本身就是一个小型发电机，帮助大型发电机提供运转电流的所需的磁粒子。

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I have a generator that generates currents on a small scale from the air without using any magnets around it.
我有一个可以从空气中小规模发电的发电机，不用任何的磁铁环绕。

Another thing, you have been wondering how a U shape permanent magnet can keep its normal strength indefinitely. You know the soft iron does not hold magnets, but you already have one that holds it.
另一件事，你曾经惊奇于一个U形永久磁铁怎样永远保持它正常的强度。你知道软铁不能保持磁性，但你已经有一个可以保存它的了。

It is the perpetual motion holder. It illustrates the principle how permanent magnets are made.
它是永动体。它说明了如何制作永久磁铁的原理。

All that has to be done is to start the magnets to run in on orbit, then they will never stop.
所有要做的就是让磁粒子在轨道上运行，之后它们将永远不会停下来。

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Hard steel U shape magnets have a broken orbit, but under proper conditions it is permanent.
硬钢U形磁铁有一个断开的轨道，但在适当的情况下它是永久性的。

I think the structure of the metal is the answer. I have two U shape magnets. They look alike, but one is a little harder than the other. The harder one can lift three pounds more than the softer one. I have been tempering the other steel magnets, and have noticed that the harder the steel gets the smaller it becomes. That shows that the metal is more packed and has less holes in it so the magnets cannot pass through it in full speed, so they damp up in the prong ends. They come in faster than they can get out.
我认为金属的结构就是答案。我有两个U形磁铁。他们看起来很相像，但其中一个比另外一个硬一些。硬的那个可以比软的多提起三磅的重量。我已经回火别的钢磁铁，而且已经注意到，越硬的钢变化越小。 这表明，这种金属是更紧密并有更少的空隙，所以磁粒子不能全速的通过它，所以它们被阻挡在叉脚的两端。他们进来的速度比他们出去速度快。

I think the ability for the soft steel welding rod to hold magnets is in the metal’s fine structure.
我认为，软钢焊条保存磁力的能力的原因在金属的细微结构中。

The reason I call the results of North and South Pole magnet’s functions magnetic currents and not electric currents or electricity is the electricity is connected too much with those non-existing electrons. If it had been called magneticity then I would accept it. Magneticity would indicate that it has magnetic base and so it would be all right.
我称南北极磁粒子的功能为磁流，而不是电流或电力的原因是，电力和那些不存在的电子有太多关联。如果它被称为磁性力我就会接受它。磁性力将表明它是基于磁性的，这样才是可以接收的。

As I said in the beginning, the North and South Pole magnets they are the cosmic force. They hold together this earth and everything on it, and they hold the moon together too. The moon’s North end holds South Pole magnets the same as the earth’s North end. The moon’s South end holds North Pole the same as the earth’s South end. Those people who have been wondering why the moon does not come down all they have to do is to give the moon one-half of a turn so that the North end would be in South side, and the South end in the North side, and then the moon would come down. At present the earth and moon have like magnet poles in the same side so their own magnet poles keep them apart, but when the pole reversed, then they will pull together. Here is a good tip to the rocket people. Make the rocket’s head strong North Pole magnet, and the tail end strong South Pole magnet, and then lock on the moon’s North end, then you will have better success.
正如我在开始时说的，北极和南极磁粒子是宇宙力。他们维系地球及上面所有东西，他们也维系月亮。月球的北端和地球的北端一样容纳南极磁粒子。月球的南端和地球的南端一样容纳北极磁粒子。那些一直纳闷为什么月亮不掉下来的人，他们所要做的就是让月球旋转半圈，这样北面在南边，南面在北边，那时月亮就会掉下来。目前地球和月球在同侧有着同样的磁极，所以他们的磁极保持他们分开，但是当磁极颠倒过来，然后他们就会吸到一起。这对于制作火箭的人是一个好的提示。把火箭的头制作成强大的磁北极，尾端为强大的南极磁，然后锁定月球北端，然后你将会更成功。

North and South Pole magnets are not only holding together the earth and moon, but they are turning the earth around on its axis. Those magnets which are coming from the sun are hitting their own kind of magnets which are circulating around the earth and they hit more on the East side than on the West side, and that is what makes the earth turn around. North and South Pole magnets make the lightning, in earth’s North hemisphere the South Pole magnets are going up and the North Pole magnets are coming down in the same flash. The North lights are caused by the North and South Pole magnets passing in concentrated streams, but the streams are not as much concentrated as they are in the lightning. The radio waves are made by the North and South Pole magnets. Now about the magnet size. You know sunlight can go through glass, paper and leaves, but it cannot go through wood, rock and iron, but the magnets can go through everything. This shows that each magnet is smaller than each particle of light.
北极和南极磁粒子不仅维系地球和月球，他们还在让地球绕轴自转。来自太阳的磁粒子正在冲击着环围绕地球周围的同类型的磁粒子，而且击中东侧比西边更多，那就是使地球旋转的原因。北极和南极磁粒子产生了极光，在相同的极光中地球的北半球南极磁粒子在上升而北极磁粒子在下降。北极光产生是由于北极和南极磁流的凝集，但磁流并没有极光中的集中。无线电波是由南北极磁粒子制作。现在关于磁粒子的大小。你知道阳光能穿过玻璃、纸和叶子，但它不能穿过木材、岩石和铁，但磁粒子可以穿过一切。这表明每个磁粒子是小于光子的。