I. Summary
Chapter 10 Bits&Pieces:
Verbs Adverbs & Adjectives
Most adverbs/ adjectives are unnecessary Little qualifiers (修饰语)
Punctuation Mood Changers
Contractions That& Which
Concept Nouns Creeping Nounism
Overstatement Credibility
Dictation Writing is not a contest
The subconscious mind The quickest fix
Paragrahps Sexism
Rewriting Writing on a computer
Trust your material Go with your interests
Chapter 11-14 (Forms)
Nonfictions as Literature
Writing About People (The Iterview)
Writing about Places (The Travel Articles)
Writing About Yourself (The Memoirs)
II.Reflection
本周阅读内容大体来看，框架还是清晰明了，在泛读基础上有所侧重，把握好主次即可。Zinsser 列举三种体裁形式以及应该遵循的相关原则，这些都是非常贴切实用的。
人们常说：读万卷书，也要行万里路。孔子周游列国，写出自己的著作《论语》；徐霞客遍游祖国大好河山，在他的《徐霞客游记》记载了他所见的大千世界；即使被贬，柳宗元也能以一种小确幸的心情游玩《小石潭记》。而我，却在琐碎的生活中日渐忽视我的小确幸。去到一个地方玩，也是打卡式的游览，而以前一起共事的学姐，真心是用心去感悟体会生活的。她特别爱探寻未知之地，会对很多事存好奇之心，去趟公园，她都能发现很多细碎而美好的瞬间并且认真记录下来。写人和写景有很多时候是融合的。看她的游记，能看到她的身影：热爱生活，保持好奇之心。
III. Words & Expressions
##scrap
1.n.a small fragment of something broken off from the whole（纸、布）小片、碎屑
2.n. a small piece of something that is left over after the rest has been used（食物） 残羹剩饭、（消息）一点点
eg. She jotted(摘记) it on ascrapof paper. / There was not ascrapleft.
3.v.dispose（处置） of (something useless or old) Synonyms:junk,trash
##morsel
n. A morsel is a small amount of something, a tid-bit, a sliver, usually of something of high-quality and much desired — like amorselof dark chocolate or amorselof secret information.（尤指食物）一点
##admonition （warning）
1.n. a firm rebuke
2. n. cautionary advice about something imminent (especially imminent danger or other unpleasantness)
##insipid
adj. Something insipid is lacking in flavor or interest. You'll probably find the generic poems inside of greeting card sinsipid.
1.without distinctive, interesting, or stimulating qualities; vapid枯燥无味/不吸引人的 （an insipid personality）
2.without sufficient taste to be pleasing, as food or drink; bland（ 饮食）淡而无味（a rather insipid soup）
##hedge
1. n. a fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes(树篱)
2. n. any technique designed to reduce or eliminate financial risk; for example, taking two positions that will offset each other if prices change（为规避啊风险的防范措施）
3. v. avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)
eg. You're hedging again-have you got the money or haven't you?
4.v. minimize loss or risk
eg. It's good idea tohedge your betsby applying to more than one college.
##lurk
v. to lie or wait in concealment,as a person in ambush;remain in or around a place secretly or furtively潜伏、埋伏
eg. Your team’s strategy for winning capture the flag might be tolurkin the bushes for an hour until the opposing side thinks you gave up and went home.
##invidious
adj. offensively or unfairly discriminating; injurious 令人不快的、惹人反感的
invidious remarks/comparisons/honor
eg. Fred was angered by theinvidiousgossip about his divorce being spread by his ex-wife's allies.
##demean
v. Todemeansomeone is to insult them. Todemeanis to degrade or put down a person or thing. 侮辱、降低身份
eg. I wouldn't demean myself be begging him for a job.
##nudge v.
1. to push against gently 轻推 某人来引起注意
eg. She nudged my elbow when she saw her friend enter the restaurant.
2. to move sth./ sb. a short distance by gentle pushing
eg. She nudged the glass towards me./ Molly nudged me out of the way.
3. to move forward slowly by pushing gently (nudge your way to/through)
eg. I started to nudge my way tothe front of the crowd.
4. to gently persuade or encourage sb. to take a particular decision or action鼓励、劝说
eg. We're trying to nudge them towards a practical solutions.
##snobbery
n.the trait of condescending to those of lower social status (势利行为、自命不凡)
If your friend doesn't want to associate with people who have less money than she does, it's proof of hersnobbery.
intellectural snobbery
eg. Rick Santorum accused the president of “snobbery” after Obama touted the importance of college.
##embark
v. set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)
When youembarkon something, you are starting it — and it's exciting. You mightembarkon a new career orembarkon a trip to the Galapagos Islands. You wouldn'tembarkon a trip to the grocery store.
eg. NowthattheConfucianinspired mourning period is over,the son is free toembarkon his own programs and policies.
##juggle v.
##rein n./v. (reinforce v. 加强)
n.one of a pair of long straps (usually connected to the bit or the headpiece) used to control a horse缰绳（plura.）类似bridle
n.any means of control
【Phrases】
1.give (full/free) rein to sth.放任（情感）、对（思想）不加束缚
eg. He gave free rein to his imagination.
2. give sb. a free rein （工作上）给予sb.绝对自由
3. keep a tight rein on sth.
eg. The finance director kept a tight rein on spending.
4. take/hand over the reins 掌权
eg. Oliver will officially take over the reins in a few days.
v. stop or slow up one's horse or oneself by or as if by pulling the reins用缰绳勒马（使其慢行）
v. control and direct with or as if by reins开始对...严加控制
eg. The government is reining in public expenditure.
##syrupy
1. adj.overly sweet 糖胶状的
2. adj.too nice or kind in a way that seems insincere- use in order to show disapproval 太甜蜜/过于多情的
eg. His speech is full of syrupy words.
##platitude
n.(formal)含贬义 老生常谈、陈词滥调
If an executive gives a speech that begins, "This business is all about survival of the fittest. You need to burn the midnight oil and take one for the team," his employees might get sick of listening to these meaningless clichés and tell him to cut the platitudes.
eg. His excuse is the paltitude,'' Boys will be boys''.
##quaint
adj. attractively old-fashioned (but not necessarily authentic) 奇特的、别致的、（尤指）古色古香的
Quaint means strange and unusual in an old-fashioned and charming way. It's a word you'd use to describe a little store that sells tea cozies and antique tea services, or your grandmother's habit of calling the radio the "wireless."
eg. There was a quaint little village in Yorkshire.
##distill
1. v. When youdistillsomething, you are boiling it down to its essence — its most important part. Whether it's alcohol or ideas, the distilled part is the most powerful.
蒸馏 distilled water
2. (从植物中)提炼榨取
3.（从大量信息中）提炼 distill sth. into sth.
eg. The notes I have brought back were waiting to be distilled into a book.
##wax
n. any of various substances of either mineral origin or plant or animal origin; they are solid at normal temperatures and insoluble in water 蜡、耳垢
v. cover with wax 给...打蜡
v. 伤感/滔滔不绝/热情的说（幽默说法） wax sentimental/eloquant/lyrical about...
eg.The journalists wax lyrical about the band.
v. （月亮）渐圆
v. wax and wane 兴衰荣辱
eg. Interest in the show has waxed and waned.
##pester
v. annoy persistently
Topestersomeone is to annoyingly nag them about something.Pesteringis repetitive and bothersome.
eg. He pestered his mother to buy him a new trainers.
##meager
adj. deficient in amount or quality or extent (食物、钱)不足的、微薄的
meager income/earnings/wages
Meagermeans small and often applies to portions. Your mother may only allow you ameagerserving of chocolate cake, and you may need to eat ameagerserving of veggies in order to deserve that dessert.
eg. They came from a school meager resources.
##prattle
v. speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly 喋喋不休、闲扯、唠叨
If your little sister won't stop talking about her latest crush and you don't want to hear it, you might say, "Stop prattling on about that loser!" Toprattleis go on and on about something unimportant.
eg. What's Sarah prattling on about?
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