1.什么是isa指针呢?
众所众知的每个对象里面都有一个isa指针,而这个isa指针指向哪里呢?
首先我们先来看一段代码
@interface HFStudent : NSObject
@end
HFStudent *p = [[HFStudent alloc] init];
(lldb) x/4gx p
0x280898130: 0x000001a1021e56a1 0x0000000000000000
0x280898140: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
(lldb) x/4gx 0x000001a1021e56a1
0x1021e56a1: 0x9800000001021e56 0x4000000001d88802
0x1021e56b1: 0x000003000281fac4 0x2400018010000000
我们知道对象的首地址指向的就是isa指针即0x000001a1021e56a1,在这个地址里面都包含了什么信息呢?从上面的输出我们看不出来
2 源码分析isa
接下来我们通过源码来分析看看这个isa指针到底是什么
首先我们跟踪调试来到
initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, UNUSED_WITHOUT_INDEXED_ISA_AND_DTOR_BIT bool hasCxxDtor)
{
ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer());
isa_t newisa(0);
if (!nonpointer) {
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
} else {
ASSERT(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
ASSERT(cls->classArrayIndex() > 0);
newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
newisa.indexcls = (uintptr_t)cls->classArrayIndex();
#else
newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
# if ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
# endif
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
#endif
newisa.extra_rc = 1;
}
isa = newisa;
}
通过断点调试简化代码如下
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, UNUSED_WITHOUT_INDEXED_ISA_AND_DTOR_BIT bool hasCxxDtor)
{
ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer());
isa_t newisa(0);
if (!nonpointer) {
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
} else {
ASSERT(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
# if ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT
newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
# endif
newisa.setClass(cls, this);
newisa.extra_rc = 1;
}
isa = newisa;
}
通过源码得出isa的类型为isa_t ,接下来我们看看isa_t的源码
union isa_t {
isa_t() { }
isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }
uintptr_t bits;
private:
// Accessing the class requires custom ptrauth operations, so
// force clients to go through setClass/getClass by making this
// private.
Class cls;
public:
#if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
struct {
ISA_BITFIELD; // defined in isa.h
};
bool isDeallocating() {
return extra_rc == 0 && has_sidetable_rc == 0;
}
void setDeallocating() {
extra_rc = 0;
has_sidetable_rc = 0;
}
#endif
void setClass(Class cls, objc_object *obj);
Class getClass(bool authenticated);
Class getDecodedClass(bool authenticated);
};
从源码中得知isa是一个联合体
接下来我们补充一些关于联合体和isa相关知识
3. union 联合体
结构体(struct)中所有变量是“共存”的——优点是“有容乃大”,全面;缺点是struct内存空间的分配是粗放的,不管用不用,全分配。
而联合体(union)中是各变量是“互斥”的——缺点就是不够“包容”;但优点是内存使用更为精细灵活,也节省了内存空间。
接下来我们通过例子来说明
union HFUni {
int a;
char b;
short c;
};
union HFUni uni;
uni.a = 100;
NSLog(@"a=%d---b=%d---c=%d---%lu", uni.a, uni.b, uni.c, sizeof(uni));
uni.b = 'a';
NSLog(@"a=%d---b=%d---c=%d---%lu", uni.a, uni.b, uni.c, sizeof(uni));
uni.c = 200;
NSLog(@"a=%d---b=%d---c=%d---%lu", uni.a, uni.b, uni.c, sizeof(uni));
2021-06-16 17:18:34.806007+0800 StoreKitDemo[2084:455336] a=100---b=100---c=100---4
2021-06-16 17:18:34.806222+0800 StoreKitDemo[2084:455336] a=97---b=97---c=97---4
2021-06-16 17:18:37.421626+0800 StoreKitDemo[2084:455336] a=200---b=-56---c=200---4
从结果中我们看到联合体的大小是4字节也就是联合体里面最大类型大小,这边通过赋值也可以看到每一次赋值,联合体里面所有的变量都发生变化,这也证明了各变量是互斥的。
4 isa补充
nonpointer:表示是否对 isa 指针开启指针优化
0:纯isa指针,1:不⽌是类对象地址,isa 中包含了类信息、对象的引⽤计数等
has_assoc:关联对象标志位,0没有,1存在
has_cxx_dtor:该对象是否有 C++ 或者 Objc 的析构器,如果有析构函数,则需要做析构逻辑,
如果没有,则可以更快的释放对象
shiftcls:
存储类指针的值。开启指针优化的情况下,在 arm64 架构中有 33 位⽤来存储类指针。
magic:⽤于调试器判断当前对象是真的对象还是没有初始化的空间
weakly_referenced:志对象是否被指向或者曾经指向⼀个 ARC 的弱变量,
没有弱引⽤的对象可以更快释放
deallocating:标志对象是否正在释放内存
has_sidetable_rc:当对象引⽤技术⼤于 10 时,则需要借⽤该变量存储进位
extra_rc:当表示该对象的引⽤计数值,实际上是引⽤计数值减 1,
例如,如果对象的引⽤计数为 10,那么 extra_rc 为 9。如果引⽤计数⼤于 10,
则需要使⽤到下⾯的 has_sidetable_rc。
有了上面的知识,我们知道shiftcls存放的是类的信息,至于是在什么时候存放的呢?我们看到代码newisa.setClass(cls, this); 跟踪进去调试看看
inline void
isa_t::setClass(Class newCls, UNUSED_WITHOUT_PTRAUTH objc_object *obj)
{
// Match the conditional in isa.h.
#if __has_feature(ptrauth_calls) || TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR
# if ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_NONE
// No signing, just use the raw pointer.
uintptr_t signedCls = (uintptr_t)newCls;
# elif ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_ONLY_SWIFT
// We're only signing Swift classes. Non-Swift classes just use
// the raw pointer
uintptr_t signedCls = (uintptr_t)newCls;
if (newCls->isSwiftStable())
signedCls = (uintptr_t)ptrauth_sign_unauthenticated((void *)newCls, ISA_SIGNING_KEY, ptrauth_blend_discriminator(obj, ISA_SIGNING_DISCRIMINATOR));
# elif ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_MODE == ISA_SIGNING_SIGN_ALL
// We're signing everything
uintptr_t signedCls = (uintptr_t)ptrauth_sign_unauthenticated((void *)newCls, ISA_SIGNING_KEY, ptrauth_blend_discriminator(obj, ISA_SIGNING_DISCRIMINATOR));
# else
# error Unknown isa signing mode.
# endif
shiftcls_and_sig = signedCls >> 3;
#elif SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
// Indexed isa only uses this method to set a raw pointer class.
// Setting an indexed class is handled separately.
cls = newCls;
#else // Nonpointer isa, no ptrauth
shiftcls = (uintptr_t)newCls >> 3;
#endif
}
通过断点和类内部变化我们发现在指向shiftcls = (uintptr_t)newCls >> 3时
643A22C1-4FB0-4E3C-8F32-4B768C018A19.png
变化成
BD7A4085-4B5E-41E2-A188-511FD610DBC7.png
由此可见shiftcls = (uintptr_t)newCls >> 3 正是设置类关联的代码
x86平台
# define ISA_MASK 0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_MASK 0x001f800000000001ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
# define ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT 1
# define ISA_BITFIELD \
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1; \
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1; \
uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor : 1; \
uintptr_t shiftcls : 44; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000*/ \
uintptr_t magic : 6; \
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1; \
uintptr_t unused : 1; \
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1; \
uintptr_t extra_rc : 8
arm64平台
# define ISA_MASK 0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_MASK 0x000003f000000001ULL
# define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
# define ISA_HAS_CXX_DTOR_BIT 1
# define ISA_BITFIELD \
uintptr_t nonpointer : 1; \
uintptr_t has_assoc : 1; \
uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor : 1; \
uintptr_t shiftcls : 33; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000*/ \
uintptr_t magic : 6; \
uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1; \
uintptr_t unused : 1; \
uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc : 1; \
uintptr_t extra_rc : 19
通过上面的宏,我们可以知道shiftcls在x86平台上是从3-47,在arm64平台上是3-37位,这样我们就可以通过代码示例来证明
环境:iphone 8(arm64)
HFStudent *p = [[HFStudent alloc] init];
NSLog(@"%@---%p", p, p);
(lldb) x/4gx p
0x2807ec6c0: 0x000001a100e7d98d 0x0000000000000000
0x2807ec6d0: 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
(lldb) p 0x000001a100e7d98d & 0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
(unsigned long long) $1 = 4310161800
(lldb) po 0x000001a100e7d98d & 0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
HFStudent
0x000001a100e7d98d 为p的isa指针
isa指针 & 0x0000000ffffffff8ULL -> HFStudent
网友评论