根据慕课网课程oracle数据库之PL\SQL基础整理
0.pl/sql是对sql的扩展
面向过程(分支 循环)
DB2 sql/pl
sql server Transac(T-sql)
1.例子:根据员工类型涨工资。
可以用java
可以用pl\sql(操作oracle数据库比java快 存储过程 事务 触发器)
2程序结构
declare
说明部分(变量 光标 例外)
begin
语句序列
exception
例外处理语句
end;
/
--打开输出开关
set serveroutput on;
3.查看包的帮助
desc dbms_output
4.数据类型
-
char
-
varchar2
-
date
-
number
-
boolean long
-
psalmnumber := 3.4
declare
pnum number(7,2);
pname varchar2(10);
pdate date;
begin
pnum := -1;
dbms_output.put_line(pnum);
pname := 'Tom';
dbms_output.put_line(pname);
pdate := sysdate;
dbms_output.put_line(pdate);
dbms_output.put_line(pdate + 1);
dbms_output.put_line(pdate + 2);
end;
5.引用型变量
myname emp.name%type
declare
pname emp.ename%type;
psal emp.sal%type;
begin
select ename,sal into pname, psal from emp where empno=7839
dbms_output.put_line(pname
dbms_output.put_line(psal
end;
6.记录型变量
代表某一列 emp_rec emp%rowtype;
example
declare
emp_rec emp%rowtype;
begin
select * into emp_rec from emp where empno=7839;
dbms_output.put_line(emp_rec.ename||'的薪水是'||emp_rec.sal);
end;
7.if语句
num是地址 所需数的位置
set serveroutput on;
accept num prompt 'please input a number';
declare
pnum number := #
begin
if pnum = 0 then dbms_output.put_line(0);
elsif pnum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line(1);
elsif pnum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line(2);
else dbms_output.put_line(3);
end if;
end;
8.循环
(1)
declare
pnum number := 1;
begin
while pnum < 10 loop
dbms_output.put_line(pnum);
pnum := pnum + 1;
end loop;
end;
(2)
declare
pnum number := 1;
begin
loop
exit when pnum > 10;
dbms_output.put_line(pnum);
pnum := pnum + 1;
end loop;
end;
(3)
declare
begin
for pnum in 1..5 loop
dbms_output.put_line(pnum);
end loop;
end;
9.光标(属性found notfound isopen rowcount影响的行数)
(1)
declare
cursor cemp is select ename, sal from emp;
pname emp.ename%type;
psal emp.sal%type;
begin
open cemp;
loop
fetch cemp into pname, psal;
exit when cemp%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(pname||'的薪水是'||psal);
end loop;
close cemp;
end;
(2)员工涨工资
declare
cursor cemp is select empno, empjob from emp;
pempno emp.empno%type;
pjob emp.empjob%type;
begin
open cemp;
loop
fetch cemp into pempno, pjob;
exit when cemp%notfound;
if pjob = 'PRESIDENT' then update emp set sal = sal + 1000 where empno = pempno;
elsif pjob = 'MANAGER' then update emp set sal = sal + 800 where empno = pempno;
else update emp set sal = sal + 400 where empno = pempno;
end if;
end loop;
close cemp;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('chenggong');
end;
(3)rowcount
declare
cursor cemp is select empno, empjob from emp;
pempno emp.empno%type;
pjob emp.empjob%type;
begin
open cemp;
loop
fetch cemp into pempno, pjob;
exit when cemp%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(cemp%rowcount);
end loop;
close cemp;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('chenggong');
end;
(4)
- 每一个回话下允许打开的光标数为300个
- show parameter cursor(模糊查询 open_cursors 300
- alter system set open_cursors=400 scope=both;
- scope范围 取值both memory spfile(数据库需要重启)
10.例外
(1)系统例外no_data_found
declare
pname emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into pname from emp where empno=1234;
exception
when no_data_found then dbms_output.put_line('没有找该给员工');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他意外');
end;
(2)系统例外too_many_rows
declare
pname emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into pname from emp where deptno=10;
exception
when too_many_rows then dbms_output.put_line('匹配了多行');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
(3)系统例外zero_divide
declare
pnum number;
begin
pnum := 1/0;
exception
when zero_divide then dbms_output.put_line('0不能做除数');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
(4)系统例外value_error 算数或类型转换错误
declare
pnum number;
begin
pnum := 'asd';
exception
when value_error then dbms_output.put_line('算数或转换错误');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
(5)自定义例外 可以当成一个变量 可抛出
declare
cursor cemp is select ename from emp where deptno=500;
pname emp.ename%type;
no_emp_found exception;
begin
open cemp;
fetch cemp into pname;
if cemp%notfound then
raise no_emp_found;
end if;
close cemp;(不用担心没有关闭光标,系统会启动一个进程pmon(progress monitor来关闭它)
exception
when no_emp_found then dbms_output.put_line('没有找到该部门的员 工');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('其他例外');
end;
11综合应用:统计每年入职员工人数(只有80 81 82 87年)
(1)瀑布模型
- 需求分析
- 概要设计
- 详细设计
- 编码
- 测试
- 发布
(2)编写PL/SQL程序步骤
-
写出需要的sql语句
-
创建需要的表,游标
-
定义需要的变量 及初始值
declare cursor cemp is select to_char(hiredate, 'yyyy') from emp; num80 number := 0; num81 number := 0; num82 number := 0; num87 number := 0; y varchar2(10); begin open cemp; loop fetch cemp into y; exit when cemp%notfound; if y = '1980' then num80 := num80 + 1; elsif y = '1981' then num81 := num81 + 1; elsif y = '1982' then num82 := num82 + 1; else num87 := num87 + 1; end if; end loop; close cemp; dbms_output.put_line('Totle:'||' '||'num80'||' '||'num81'||' '||'num82'||' '||'num87'); dbms_output.put_line(num80+num81+num82+num87||' '||num80||' '||num81||' '||num82||' '||num87); end;
12.其他
- nvl函数 吧null值转换成其他(比如0)
- (2)@example.sql命令,在终端执行sql脚本。
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