浮动静态路由
浮动静态路由，在存在多条线路的情况使得数据只从一个链路上转发，即路由表中只有一个下一跳，其他线路作为备份。只有主链路失效了，备份链路才会被放入路由表。
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- 负载均衡模式
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 20 Routes : 21
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0
10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.4.0/24 Static 60 0 D 11.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Static 60 0 D 10.0.14.1 Serial2/0/0
10.0.14.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.14.1 Serial2/0/0
10.0.14.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial2/0/0
10.0.14.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.14.4 Serial2/0/0
10.0.14.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial2/0/0
10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
11.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 11.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
11.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
11.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
- 改变为浮动静态路由将串行链路作为备线
(值越小越优先，思科若填写255则路由会消失)
[R1]ip route-static 10.0.4.0 24 s 2/0/0 preference ?
INTEGER<1-255> Preference value range
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.1.1 LoopBack0
10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 10.0.123.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 D 10.0.123.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.4.0/24 Static 60 0 D 11.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
10.0.14.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.14.1 Serial2/0/0
10.0.14.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial2/0/0
10.0.14.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.14.4 Serial2/0/0
10.0.14.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Serial2/0/0
10.0.123.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.123.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.123.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.0.123.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
11.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 11.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
11.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
11.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]dis ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 1 Routes : 2 Configured Routes : 2
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.4.0/24 Static 60 0 D 11.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.4.0/24 Static 255 0 10.0.14.1 Serial2/0/0
- 测试
（目前使用的是以太网口）
[R1]ping 10.0.4.4
PING 10.0.4.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 10.0.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 10.0.4.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=50 ms
--- 10.0.4.4 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/36/50 ms
[R1]tracert 10.0.4.4
traceroute to 10.0.4.4(10.0.4.4), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break
1 11.0.0.2 110 ms 40 ms 30 ms
- 关闭以太网口则自动切换备用路由
[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shut
Nov 16 2020 22:07:57-08:00 R1 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has turned into DOWN state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Nov 16 2020 22:07:57-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the DOWN state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]tracert 10.0.4.4
traceroute to 10.0.4.4(10.0.4.4), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break
1 10.0.14.4 50 ms 30 ms 30 ms
[R1]dis ip routing-table pro stati
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1 Configured Routes : 2
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.0.4.0/24 Static 255 0 D 10.0.14.1 Serial2/0/0
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
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